Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunately, it is possible to acquire a rather simple (or simplified at least) anatomical framework for understan ...
... century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunately, it is possible to acquire a rather simple (or simplified at least) anatomical framework for understan ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... pClamp 9. Mean background activities during darkness were obtained from counts of spikes in 1-s time intervals before each visual stimulus divided by the respective time. For single stimuli, tonic responses were scored as excitatory, if the spiking activity during the last second of stimulation (Ast ...
... pClamp 9. Mean background activities during darkness were obtained from counts of spikes in 1-s time intervals before each visual stimulus divided by the respective time. For single stimuli, tonic responses were scored as excitatory, if the spiking activity during the last second of stimulation (Ast ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... reacted by immunocytochemistry for parvalbumin (PV) or acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One hemisphere (R116) was processed in repeating series of three for NADPHd, acetylcholinesterase, and calbindin (the latter is not reported). The additional procedures were initially carried out as part of other stu ...
... reacted by immunocytochemistry for parvalbumin (PV) or acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One hemisphere (R116) was processed in repeating series of three for NADPHd, acetylcholinesterase, and calbindin (the latter is not reported). The additional procedures were initially carried out as part of other stu ...
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... vagus nerve of one of the hearts. This is a bundle of neurons that serves the parasympathetic nervous system and causes a reduction in the heart’s rate of beating. A substance was released by the nerve of the first heart and was transported through the fluid to the second heart. The second heart red ...
... vagus nerve of one of the hearts. This is a bundle of neurons that serves the parasympathetic nervous system and causes a reduction in the heart’s rate of beating. A substance was released by the nerve of the first heart and was transported through the fluid to the second heart. The second heart red ...
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... 2008) have led to the idea that memories are distributed across a population of neurons. How does the mechanism of synaptic semblance (Figure 1A) lead to the concurrent firing of specific neurons during memory retrieval? This may be explained as follows. Oscillating neuronal activities take place both ...
... 2008) have led to the idea that memories are distributed across a population of neurons. How does the mechanism of synaptic semblance (Figure 1A) lead to the concurrent firing of specific neurons during memory retrieval? This may be explained as follows. Oscillating neuronal activities take place both ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
nato cc
... The relation between corpus callosum size and forebrain volume Several attempts have been undertaken to relate brain and CC size measures in humans. In general, most postmortem studies found small but significant linear correlations between both measures (3,71,73, 78). However, recent large studies ...
... The relation between corpus callosum size and forebrain volume Several attempts have been undertaken to relate brain and CC size measures in humans. In general, most postmortem studies found small but significant linear correlations between both measures (3,71,73, 78). However, recent large studies ...
Paleolithic public goods games: why human
... cooperative arrangements in connection with feeding and breeding. The fact that such behaviors appear in our evolution much before art or symbolism, I contend, implies that human culture and cooperation did not evolve in one step. Consequently, understanding their evolution implies integrating more ...
... cooperative arrangements in connection with feeding and breeding. The fact that such behaviors appear in our evolution much before art or symbolism, I contend, implies that human culture and cooperation did not evolve in one step. Consequently, understanding their evolution implies integrating more ...
autonomic nervous system
... • The autonomic nervous system contains both autonomic sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth ...
... • The autonomic nervous system contains both autonomic sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... - recognition of all beings that are human as human beings; - recognition of all shirts. The universal is the common characteristic of all elements of the group, that is Eness, human-ness, shirt-ness in the above three examples. Not only humans recognize universals; most animals do also, but the abi ...
... - recognition of all beings that are human as human beings; - recognition of all shirts. The universal is the common characteristic of all elements of the group, that is Eness, human-ness, shirt-ness in the above three examples. Not only humans recognize universals; most animals do also, but the abi ...
Resonate-and-fire neurons
... We suggest a simple spiking modelÐresonate-and-®re neuron, which is similar to the integrate-and-®re neuron except that the state variable is complex. The model provides geometric illustrations to many interesting phenomena occurring in biological neurons having subthreshold damped oscillations of m ...
... We suggest a simple spiking modelÐresonate-and-®re neuron, which is similar to the integrate-and-®re neuron except that the state variable is complex. The model provides geometric illustrations to many interesting phenomena occurring in biological neurons having subthreshold damped oscillations of m ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, for the welcoming environment and for the opportunity to observe the ongoing experiments, especially the skilful and resourceful technicians Heidi Pehkonen and ...
... our projects. I sincerely hope we stay in touch. I would also like to acknowledge all the wonderful members of the Pharmacology department, for the welcoming environment and for the opportunity to observe the ongoing experiments, especially the skilful and resourceful technicians Heidi Pehkonen and ...
to a of the units.
... In the Clay Brain lesson, students learn more about the brain and its major structures. The average adult brain weighs about 3 pounds (1300-1400 grams). Like snowflakes, no two human brains are exactly alike, although they do have common structures and configurations. Brain size doesn’t equal intell ...
... In the Clay Brain lesson, students learn more about the brain and its major structures. The average adult brain weighs about 3 pounds (1300-1400 grams). Like snowflakes, no two human brains are exactly alike, although they do have common structures and configurations. Brain size doesn’t equal intell ...
H1 - Brian Whitworth
... • For some seriously epileptic patients the corpus callosum was cut, giving “split-brain” subjects Note: The hemispheres connect to the mid-brain, so the brain is not really “split” ...
... • For some seriously epileptic patients the corpus callosum was cut, giving “split-brain” subjects Note: The hemispheres connect to the mid-brain, so the brain is not really “split” ...
Differential responses in three thalamic nuclei in moderately
... areas of the cerebral cortex; that neurons in the lateral posterior nucleus (LPN) project to the cortex of association sensory areas posterior to the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann area 5); and that the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) is both the terminal field of fibres from the olfactory cortex and amygdal ...
... areas of the cerebral cortex; that neurons in the lateral posterior nucleus (LPN) project to the cortex of association sensory areas posterior to the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann area 5); and that the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) is both the terminal field of fibres from the olfactory cortex and amygdal ...
1 Spiking Neurons
... An organism which interacts with its environment must be capable of receiving sensory input from the environment. It has to process the sensory information, recognize food sources or predators, and take appropriate actions. The difficulty of these tasks is appreciated, if one tries to program a smal ...
... An organism which interacts with its environment must be capable of receiving sensory input from the environment. It has to process the sensory information, recognize food sources or predators, and take appropriate actions. The difficulty of these tasks is appreciated, if one tries to program a smal ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... thermal stimulation of this neural area. Early animal studies showed that warming the carotid blood or irrigating the third ventricle with warm saline produces panting and cutaneous vasodilation [3, 4, 7]. In these early studies, thermal stimulation was crude and not localized. The classic 1938 stud ...
... thermal stimulation of this neural area. Early animal studies showed that warming the carotid blood or irrigating the third ventricle with warm saline produces panting and cutaneous vasodilation [3, 4, 7]. In these early studies, thermal stimulation was crude and not localized. The classic 1938 stud ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... the Tet activator (elavl3 (HuC) and Dlx4/6 were used in this study). This system has the additional feature that expression can be regulated pharmacologically by administering doxycycline. Larvae expressing ChR2 under Tet control were stimulated with blue light [35], which evoked distinct swimming b ...
... the Tet activator (elavl3 (HuC) and Dlx4/6 were used in this study). This system has the additional feature that expression can be regulated pharmacologically by administering doxycycline. Larvae expressing ChR2 under Tet control were stimulated with blue light [35], which evoked distinct swimming b ...