Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Intracellular records were obtained from 23 striatal cells that were identified as spiny projection neurons by histological examination after the experiment (Fig. 1). Five cells in the sample were identified as striatonigral neurons by antidromic activation from the substantia nigra. All neurons in ...
... Intracellular records were obtained from 23 striatal cells that were identified as spiny projection neurons by histological examination after the experiment (Fig. 1). Five cells in the sample were identified as striatonigral neurons by antidromic activation from the substantia nigra. All neurons in ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Intracellular records were obtained from 23 striatal cells that were identified as spiny projection neurons by histological examination after the experiment (Fig. 1). Five cells in the sample were identified as striatonigral neurons by antidromic activation from the substantia nigra. All neurons in ...
... Intracellular records were obtained from 23 striatal cells that were identified as spiny projection neurons by histological examination after the experiment (Fig. 1). Five cells in the sample were identified as striatonigral neurons by antidromic activation from the substantia nigra. All neurons in ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... be able to report changes in odour concentration rapidly to the brain such that it can quickly discriminate odour quality and allow the insect to react quickly to both increases and decreases in concentration. Second, the longlasting responses such as casting by flying insects or looping by walking ...
... be able to report changes in odour concentration rapidly to the brain such that it can quickly discriminate odour quality and allow the insect to react quickly to both increases and decreases in concentration. Second, the longlasting responses such as casting by flying insects or looping by walking ...
on the effect of motor nerve degeneration on the fine
... bound to membrane structures, even in the microstructural sense of the word. The first electron-histochemical studies on AChE (Lehrer & Ornstein, 1959; Zacks & Blumberg, 1961) raised doubts about the membrane-bound character of this enzyme, but, it appears, mainly because of the non-specificity of t ...
... bound to membrane structures, even in the microstructural sense of the word. The first electron-histochemical studies on AChE (Lehrer & Ornstein, 1959; Zacks & Blumberg, 1961) raised doubts about the membrane-bound character of this enzyme, but, it appears, mainly because of the non-specificity of t ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... – Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS – Astrocytes anchor the neurons to nearby capillaries – Ependymal cells are ciliated cells that move cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord – Microglia are phagocytic cells for the nervous system. They destroy microorganisms and damaged ...
... – Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS – Astrocytes anchor the neurons to nearby capillaries – Ependymal cells are ciliated cells that move cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord – Microglia are phagocytic cells for the nervous system. They destroy microorganisms and damaged ...
Core Lab #1 - Reflex Responses
... The Nervous System and Reflex Responses (p. 395): In a simple reflex arc, such as the knee jerk, a stimulus is detected by a (1) receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neuron. The (2) sensory neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), ...
... The Nervous System and Reflex Responses (p. 395): In a simple reflex arc, such as the knee jerk, a stimulus is detected by a (1) receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neuron. The (2) sensory neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Antagonists: Potential
... receptor systems that couple to adenylyl cyclase as a second messenger. These transducing proteins link the ligand binding event at the receptor to the activation of an intracellular pathway, in this case the conversion of adenosine 5’ triphosphate (ATP; Prod. No. A 2383) to adenosine 3’-5’-cyclic m ...
... receptor systems that couple to adenylyl cyclase as a second messenger. These transducing proteins link the ligand binding event at the receptor to the activation of an intracellular pathway, in this case the conversion of adenosine 5’ triphosphate (ATP; Prod. No. A 2383) to adenosine 3’-5’-cyclic m ...
synaptic connections of morphologically identified and
... 89 boutons of the third cell. The terminals contained pleomorphic vesicles and established symmetrical synapses wi th their postsynaptic ta rgets. The basket cell axons formed synapses principall y on pyra midal cell perika rya (a pproximately 33% of synapses), spines (20% of synapses) and the apica ...
... 89 boutons of the third cell. The terminals contained pleomorphic vesicles and established symmetrical synapses wi th their postsynaptic ta rgets. The basket cell axons formed synapses principall y on pyra midal cell perika rya (a pproximately 33% of synapses), spines (20% of synapses) and the apica ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... this is the volume enclosed by a net thrown over the branches of a tree. The total volume of the branches themselves is not of interest here, but rather the empty volume enclosed by the net is most instructive; the latter could be equivalent to the volume of GP innervated by a single axonal arbour. ...
... this is the volume enclosed by a net thrown over the branches of a tree. The total volume of the branches themselves is not of interest here, but rather the empty volume enclosed by the net is most instructive; the latter could be equivalent to the volume of GP innervated by a single axonal arbour. ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
neurocircuitry of addiction
... ventral pallidum that arise from cell bodies in the VTA. Examination of the known binding sites for drugs of abuse reveals for some drugs a clear relationship between drug binding site and dopamine transmission (Fig. 95.3). Thus, amphetamine-like psychostimulants inhibit the binding of dopamine to t ...
... ventral pallidum that arise from cell bodies in the VTA. Examination of the known binding sites for drugs of abuse reveals for some drugs a clear relationship between drug binding site and dopamine transmission (Fig. 95.3). Thus, amphetamine-like psychostimulants inhibit the binding of dopamine to t ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... realistic model, which would reduce the clarity of this initial demonstration. We will, however, include a brief discussion on how our model is related to the circuits found in the primary visual cortex. ...
... realistic model, which would reduce the clarity of this initial demonstration. We will, however, include a brief discussion on how our model is related to the circuits found in the primary visual cortex. ...
13 Nervous System
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
... The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum. The primary motor area in the frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... been involved in the mechanism whereby overtraining comes to produce habitual responses that override goal-directed actions (Coutureau and Killcross, 2003). Moreover, we recently demonstrated that BNST is necessary for the efficient relay of cortical excitation to DA neurons of the VTA (Massi et al. ...
... been involved in the mechanism whereby overtraining comes to produce habitual responses that override goal-directed actions (Coutureau and Killcross, 2003). Moreover, we recently demonstrated that BNST is necessary for the efficient relay of cortical excitation to DA neurons of the VTA (Massi et al. ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... making often measure delay aversion. Typically in these delayed reinforcement tasks [4], rats are faced with a choice between two response options. One option is associated with small and immediate food reward, whereas the second option results in larger but delayed food reward. Clearly, the second ...
... making often measure delay aversion. Typically in these delayed reinforcement tasks [4], rats are faced with a choice between two response options. One option is associated with small and immediate food reward, whereas the second option results in larger but delayed food reward. Clearly, the second ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information about stimulus-pairs within a given associative network is sufficient ...
... measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information about stimulus-pairs within a given associative network is sufficient ...
Name__________________________________ The Spinal Cord
... The Spinal Cord and Reflexes Lab A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex ...
... The Spinal Cord and Reflexes Lab A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex ...
Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... blink in response to the tone. Plasticity in the cerebellar cortex results in a temporal pattern of modulation of Purkinje cell output that briefly disinhibits the deep nucleus neuron at only the appropriate time, sculpting the time course of the learned behavioral response. In a recent test of this ...
... blink in response to the tone. Plasticity in the cerebellar cortex results in a temporal pattern of modulation of Purkinje cell output that briefly disinhibits the deep nucleus neuron at only the appropriate time, sculpting the time course of the learned behavioral response. In a recent test of this ...
Optimal Recall from Bounded Metaplastic Synapses: Predicting
... implementing this function. Thus, our work extends previous approaches that sought to understand the basic anatomical and physiological organisation of the hippocampus [2,36] as functional adaptions towards memory recall by providing a similar functional account of further crucial aspects of hippoca ...
... implementing this function. Thus, our work extends previous approaches that sought to understand the basic anatomical and physiological organisation of the hippocampus [2,36] as functional adaptions towards memory recall by providing a similar functional account of further crucial aspects of hippoca ...
ANS.Neuroscience.09
... the ganglion located at the level it entered. 2. May ascend or descend in the sympathetic trunk before synapsing in a ganglion located at a different spinal cord level. 3. May pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing, run in splanchnic nerve to reach & synapse in a prevertebral g ...
... the ganglion located at the level it entered. 2. May ascend or descend in the sympathetic trunk before synapsing in a ganglion located at a different spinal cord level. 3. May pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing, run in splanchnic nerve to reach & synapse in a prevertebral g ...
VISCERAL SENSORY NEURONS THAT INNERVATE BOTH
... interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and others) are more prevalent in women.1,2 Indeed in most clinical studies, women report more severe pain levels, more frequent pain, and longer duration of pain than do men. Nociception is a balance of pro- and antinociceptive inputs that is subject to r ...
... interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and others) are more prevalent in women.1,2 Indeed in most clinical studies, women report more severe pain levels, more frequent pain, and longer duration of pain than do men. Nociception is a balance of pro- and antinociceptive inputs that is subject to r ...
22. ANS.Neuroscience
... the ganglion located at the level it entered. 2. May ascend or descend in the sympathetic trunk before synapsing in a ganglion located at a different spinal cord level. 3. May pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing, run in splanchnic nerve to reach & synapse in a prevertebral g ...
... the ganglion located at the level it entered. 2. May ascend or descend in the sympathetic trunk before synapsing in a ganglion located at a different spinal cord level. 3. May pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing, run in splanchnic nerve to reach & synapse in a prevertebral g ...
Progress Report – Glover
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...