The Biological Bases of Time-to
... ated by an approaching stimulus object is the critical stimulus variable that optimally fires these cells. The allocation of the LGMD - DCMD neurons to cell 4 of our schema presented in Table 1 is justified by their connection to pre-motor interneurons and motor-neurons known to be involved in flyin ...
... ated by an approaching stimulus object is the critical stimulus variable that optimally fires these cells. The allocation of the LGMD - DCMD neurons to cell 4 of our schema presented in Table 1 is justified by their connection to pre-motor interneurons and motor-neurons known to be involved in flyin ...
PDF
... In this Section we consider our simple mathematical model of axon growth (Li et al., 2007; Borisyuk et al., 2008). This model has been studied in detail and has been used here for generation of the connectome model of the whole spinal cord. For the convenience of the reader we include here a brief r ...
... In this Section we consider our simple mathematical model of axon growth (Li et al., 2007; Borisyuk et al., 2008). This model has been studied in detail and has been used here for generation of the connectome model of the whole spinal cord. For the convenience of the reader we include here a brief r ...
21. Basal ganglion
... The basal ganglia are referred as extrapyramidal motor system. Their function is to facilitate purposeful behaviour and movements and to inhibit unwanted or inappropriate (not suitable ) movements. When a movement is initiated from the cerebral cortex, impulses discharge not only through corticospin ...
... The basal ganglia are referred as extrapyramidal motor system. Their function is to facilitate purposeful behaviour and movements and to inhibit unwanted or inappropriate (not suitable ) movements. When a movement is initiated from the cerebral cortex, impulses discharge not only through corticospin ...
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... The idea that general anaesthetics might act on specific neuronal pathways is difficult to entertain without first accepting that anaesthetics act selectively at the molecular level. The old idea that anaesthetics act by disrupting lipid bilayers or by some other ‘nonspecific’ mechanism has been dis ...
... The idea that general anaesthetics might act on specific neuronal pathways is difficult to entertain without first accepting that anaesthetics act selectively at the molecular level. The old idea that anaesthetics act by disrupting lipid bilayers or by some other ‘nonspecific’ mechanism has been dis ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
moth`s nervous system - Wageningen UR E
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
The Biological Perspective
... nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, and providing insulation for neurons. Why are the glial cells needed? Well, the neuron’s message is going to travel through the cell, and within the cell the message is electrical. That means that if one neuron touches anot ...
... nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, and providing insulation for neurons. Why are the glial cells needed? Well, the neuron’s message is going to travel through the cell, and within the cell the message is electrical. That means that if one neuron touches anot ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... cuticle of the hair shaft, the third cell differentiates into a neuron and the fourth cell differentiates into the accessory cell (Bate, 1978). The sensory neuron axon navigates into the CNS where it forms specific synaptic connections with first order interneurons (Bacon and Murphey, 1984) and moto ...
... cuticle of the hair shaft, the third cell differentiates into a neuron and the fourth cell differentiates into the accessory cell (Bate, 1978). The sensory neuron axon navigates into the CNS where it forms specific synaptic connections with first order interneurons (Bacon and Murphey, 1984) and moto ...
Role of Nitric Oxide on Dopamine Release and Morphine
... tor of the information transfer from the limbic to motor system. In addition, opioids increase dopaminergic turn over in NA, causing behavioral changes such as increased locomotion. For example, L-arginine administration increases morphine-induced locomotion (Gholami et al., 2002; Karami et al., 200 ...
... tor of the information transfer from the limbic to motor system. In addition, opioids increase dopaminergic turn over in NA, causing behavioral changes such as increased locomotion. For example, L-arginine administration increases morphine-induced locomotion (Gholami et al., 2002; Karami et al., 200 ...
Visual Motion Perception using Critical Branching Neural Computation
... update wj 0 with probability set according to Eq 2, except U is the number of synapses available for de-potentiation, and the assignment of f(si) is switched for excitatory versus inhibitory neurons. In essence, the critical branching algorithm potentiates synapses when too few descendant spikes occ ...
... update wj 0 with probability set according to Eq 2, except U is the number of synapses available for de-potentiation, and the assignment of f(si) is switched for excitatory versus inhibitory neurons. In essence, the critical branching algorithm potentiates synapses when too few descendant spikes occ ...
Does Loss of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors Precede Loss of
... greater. In Alzheimer’s disease, the density of NGF receptors was markedly decreased in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. In contrast, AChE staining decreased less in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in all Alrheimer’s disease patients, and in the ventral ...
... greater. In Alzheimer’s disease, the density of NGF receptors was markedly decreased in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, and nucleus basalis of Meynert. In contrast, AChE staining decreased less in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in all Alrheimer’s disease patients, and in the ventral ...
Research paper : Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support
... Imagine a bee flying towards a flower. We (non-experts on bee studies) do not know the biomechanics and neurodynamics of its movements; we cannot imagine ourselves “in the mental shoes” of a flying insect. We cannot internally simulate its actions. But we do understand the goal of its action; it is ...
... Imagine a bee flying towards a flower. We (non-experts on bee studies) do not know the biomechanics and neurodynamics of its movements; we cannot imagine ourselves “in the mental shoes” of a flying insect. We cannot internally simulate its actions. But we do understand the goal of its action; it is ...
Leech Heart CPG
... The hyperpolariztion-activated cation current accounts for the ability of the inhibited neuron to escape from inhibition. Essentially, it works with the persistent Na+ current to depolarize the inhibited neuron. When this neuron escapes inhibition, it then inhibits the currently bursting neuron. Th ...
... The hyperpolariztion-activated cation current accounts for the ability of the inhibited neuron to escape from inhibition. Essentially, it works with the persistent Na+ current to depolarize the inhibited neuron. When this neuron escapes inhibition, it then inhibits the currently bursting neuron. Th ...
Dendrite structure
... in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et al. 1988). Dendrites of retinal ganglion cells are laminar radiations offset by an apical stem. Nearly 20 kinds of retinal ganglion cells can be distinguished by their dendritic arborization patterns ( ...
... in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et al. 1988). Dendrites of retinal ganglion cells are laminar radiations offset by an apical stem. Nearly 20 kinds of retinal ganglion cells can be distinguished by their dendritic arborization patterns ( ...
Dendrite structure
... in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et al. 1988). Dendrites of retinal ganglion cells are laminar radiations offset by an apical stem. Nearly 20 kinds of retinal ganglion cells can be distinguished by their dendritic arborization patterns ( ...
... in horizontal cells of the retina (Kolb et al. 1994), and in some interneurons of cortex (Parra et al. 1988). Dendrites of retinal ganglion cells are laminar radiations offset by an apical stem. Nearly 20 kinds of retinal ganglion cells can be distinguished by their dendritic arborization patterns ( ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
Proceedings of 2013 BMI the Second International Conference on
... on how the cognitive experience of using the avatar influences such effects. This talk will argue that just as humans are able to integrate complex tools into body schema (Gallivan et al., 2013), we can also integrate avatars into body schema. Doing so requires a high level of proficiency controllin ...
... on how the cognitive experience of using the avatar influences such effects. This talk will argue that just as humans are able to integrate complex tools into body schema (Gallivan et al., 2013), we can also integrate avatars into body schema. Doing so requires a high level of proficiency controllin ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag ...
... circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag ...
Detecting Action Potentials in Neuronal Populations with Calcium
... a complete understanding of the circuit activation patterns. An alternative approach to characterize circuit dynamics is optical recording from neuronal populations (9). The optical nature of the experiment permits simultaneous recording from many neurons, makes the technique noninvasive, and gives ...
... a complete understanding of the circuit activation patterns. An alternative approach to characterize circuit dynamics is optical recording from neuronal populations (9). The optical nature of the experiment permits simultaneous recording from many neurons, makes the technique noninvasive, and gives ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” or delivered in a given time) is typically measured. Because the cell body is physically the larg ...
... generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” or delivered in a given time) is typically measured. Because the cell body is physically the larg ...
Glutamate Receptors
... processing can occur in an orderly manner (Figure 9-41C). How does NMDA receptor hypofunction affect information processing in CSTC loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hy ...
... processing can occur in an orderly manner (Figure 9-41C). How does NMDA receptor hypofunction affect information processing in CSTC loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hy ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Potassium Currents in an
... cannot effectively be separated because separating these currents involves applying, and then washing C d 2! (see Materials and Methods) during every ionic current measurement (e.g., every 60 min). Therefore, the sum of these two currents is reported throughout the remainder of this paper. Notice th ...
... cannot effectively be separated because separating these currents involves applying, and then washing C d 2! (see Materials and Methods) during every ionic current measurement (e.g., every 60 min). Therefore, the sum of these two currents is reported throughout the remainder of this paper. Notice th ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... words, cerebellar nuclear neurons often need to be hyperpolarized to threshold; under physiological conditions, it is likely to be the tonic inhibition from Purkinje cells that keeps them firing. Minimizing inhibitory synaptic depression in spontaneously firing neurons During cerebellar behaviors, i ...
... words, cerebellar nuclear neurons often need to be hyperpolarized to threshold; under physiological conditions, it is likely to be the tonic inhibition from Purkinje cells that keeps them firing. Minimizing inhibitory synaptic depression in spontaneously firing neurons During cerebellar behaviors, i ...
The Nervous System
... exteroceptive (pain, temperature, touch) & proprioceptive. Somatic efferent (motor): communicate from spinal cord to skeletal muscles. ...
... exteroceptive (pain, temperature, touch) & proprioceptive. Somatic efferent (motor): communicate from spinal cord to skeletal muscles. ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... and high Mg÷+ (10 raM). Incubation in 2 tzM reserpine (Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, NJ) (10) for 1-3 h before depolarization in 80 mM K + or in 5 ~M desipramine (Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsiey, NY) (2, 21), 15 rain before and during NE incubation, was used to block the uptake of NE at either the ...
... and high Mg÷+ (10 raM). Incubation in 2 tzM reserpine (Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, NJ) (10) for 1-3 h before depolarization in 80 mM K + or in 5 ~M desipramine (Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsiey, NY) (2, 21), 15 rain before and during NE incubation, was used to block the uptake of NE at either the ...