Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... Donald O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior “When an axon of a cell A is near enough to excite cell B or repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mec ...
... Donald O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior “When an axon of a cell A is near enough to excite cell B or repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mec ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... quick in onset and short lasting; they are blocked by an excess of nicotine or by curare and curarelike agents. By contrast, muscarinic actions tend to be slow in onset and prolonged; they are blocked by atropine and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector orga ...
... quick in onset and short lasting; they are blocked by an excess of nicotine or by curare and curarelike agents. By contrast, muscarinic actions tend to be slow in onset and prolonged; they are blocked by atropine and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector orga ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... Many of the individual processes playing a role have already been identified. These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messen ...
... Many of the individual processes playing a role have already been identified. These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messen ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Total estimates of the number of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons were obtained from four brains processed for GAD in situ hybridization and TH immunohistochemistry. Estimates of glutamatergic neurons were obtained from a further four brains processed for VGluT2 in situ hybridization and TH immuno ...
... Total estimates of the number of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons were obtained from four brains processed for GAD in situ hybridization and TH immunohistochemistry. Estimates of glutamatergic neurons were obtained from a further four brains processed for VGluT2 in situ hybridization and TH immuno ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... gastrointestinal tract even 45 days after vagotomy (46). There are several potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of the efferents to regenerate (46). Competition for limited target sites and/or the trophic factors they produce might block vagal efferent reinnervation of the ta ...
... gastrointestinal tract even 45 days after vagotomy (46). There are several potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of the efferents to regenerate (46). Competition for limited target sites and/or the trophic factors they produce might block vagal efferent reinnervation of the ta ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later showedby means of random-dot stereogramsthat binocular dispa ...
... relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later showedby means of random-dot stereogramsthat binocular dispa ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... seek to understand the developmental origin of arbor shape and to shed light on the significance of particular morphologies for nervous system connectivity and function. Dendrite morphogenesis consists of a series of interrelated steps, which include outgrowth and branching, guidance and targeting, ...
... seek to understand the developmental origin of arbor shape and to shed light on the significance of particular morphologies for nervous system connectivity and function. Dendrite morphogenesis consists of a series of interrelated steps, which include outgrowth and branching, guidance and targeting, ...
MS word - University of Kentucky
... signals that are excitatory (elicit an excitatory postsynaptic potential, or EPSP) or inhibitory (elicit an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, or IPSP). In humans, NMJ’s receive only excitatory signals. In crayfish, NMJ can receive either excitatory or inhibitory signals, or both. Excitatory postsyn ...
... signals that are excitatory (elicit an excitatory postsynaptic potential, or EPSP) or inhibitory (elicit an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, or IPSP). In humans, NMJ’s receive only excitatory signals. In crayfish, NMJ can receive either excitatory or inhibitory signals, or both. Excitatory postsyn ...
PDF
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ...
... Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ...
Spatial restriction of AChR gene expression to
... examined the distribution of hGH in denervated muscle. Fig. 3 shows that hGH is concentrated at synaptic sites in muscle that was denervated for 4 days. Like hGH at normal synaptic sites, hGH at denervated synaptic sites is perinuclear and is apparently associated with the golgi apparatus. Because h ...
... examined the distribution of hGH in denervated muscle. Fig. 3 shows that hGH is concentrated at synaptic sites in muscle that was denervated for 4 days. Like hGH at normal synaptic sites, hGH at denervated synaptic sites is perinuclear and is apparently associated with the golgi apparatus. Because h ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... (from FS neurons) to L4 excitatory neurons is delayed by approximately 0.5 ms with respect to ...
... (from FS neurons) to L4 excitatory neurons is delayed by approximately 0.5 ms with respect to ...
Minireview Stress-Induced Pain: A Target for the Development of
... (Fig. 1D) are then invoked, including motor cortex and brain stem areas, such as the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), that participate in the descending modulation of the pain signals. Mechanisms of Chronic Pain. Chronic pain can be maintained at three sites within p ...
... (Fig. 1D) are then invoked, including motor cortex and brain stem areas, such as the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), that participate in the descending modulation of the pain signals. Mechanisms of Chronic Pain. Chronic pain can be maintained at three sites within p ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... Grasping the Intentions of Others with One’s Own Mirror Neuron System ...
... Grasping the Intentions of Others with One’s Own Mirror Neuron System ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activityindependent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the es ...
... Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activityindependent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the es ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood well. ...
... although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood well. ...
Reflex arcs PowerPoint
... Stimulation of the Reflex Response The speed of the reflex response can be increase by several factors: Exposure to adrenaline (Sympathetic Nervous System) Exposure to stimulant drugs (Caffeine, Beta Amphetamines/Speed) ...
... Stimulation of the Reflex Response The speed of the reflex response can be increase by several factors: Exposure to adrenaline (Sympathetic Nervous System) Exposure to stimulant drugs (Caffeine, Beta Amphetamines/Speed) ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... responses do indeed reflect reward prediction errors [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions ...
... responses do indeed reflect reward prediction errors [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions ...
Neurokinin B Signaling in the Female Rat: a Novel
... The Endocrine Society. Downloaded from press.endocrine.org by [${individualUser.displayName}] on 03 December 2014. at 23:01 For personal use only. No other uses without permission. . All rights reserved. ...
... The Endocrine Society. Downloaded from press.endocrine.org by [${individualUser.displayName}] on 03 December 2014. at 23:01 For personal use only. No other uses without permission. . All rights reserved. ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... innervation affects the number of innervating neurons that survive led to the idea that neuronal death matches the number of neurons to the size and requirements of their target ®elds (Oppenheim, 1991). A long established idea, the neurotrophic hypothesis, provides an explanation for how target ®eld ...
... innervation affects the number of innervating neurons that survive led to the idea that neuronal death matches the number of neurons to the size and requirements of their target ®elds (Oppenheim, 1991). A long established idea, the neurotrophic hypothesis, provides an explanation for how target ®eld ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of
... brain that mediates this behavior built? The basic building blocks of the brain, neurons and glia, are found in both flies and mammals. Neurons show almost all the functional and molecular features of mammalian neurons: axons with their transport machinery, pumps, and voltage-gated channels that und ...
... brain that mediates this behavior built? The basic building blocks of the brain, neurons and glia, are found in both flies and mammals. Neurons show almost all the functional and molecular features of mammalian neurons: axons with their transport machinery, pumps, and voltage-gated channels that und ...