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Ancient Greek Arts and Architecture Ancient Greek Architecture The
Ancient Greek Arts and Architecture Ancient Greek Architecture The

... look bad to have a big palace, even if you could afford it. Instead, the Greeks built public buildings where men could meet and talk. By the 300's BC, in the Hellenistic Period, there are some new architectural types. Less time is spent on temples and more time is spent on the new form of architectu ...
Athens - GCSE Classical Civilisation
Athens - GCSE Classical Civilisation

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下载地址1
下载地址1

... Roman art, while in the East, Alexander the Great's conquest gave birth to Greco-Buddhist art, which has even had an influence as far as Japan all of which stem from ancient Greek art. The Greeks used many different types of materials in their sculptures including stone, marble and limestone as thes ...
Competing Constructions of Masculinity in Ancient Greece
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... and was not as central and all consuming as it was for the Spartans. Athens, like most Greek city-states, did not have a full-time professional army like Sparta. Whereas Athenian teens trained for war as part of their coming-to-age rites, war was always secondary to their regular life. All healthy a ...
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The End of Athenian Democracy
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Black-Figure Neck Amphora - Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
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... • Humanoid robots that created a coup: (see Greek history is important for understanding science fiction  ) • Olympic hero who attempted to overthrow the aristocrats with the help of nearby tyrant • The aristocratic clan, the Alcmaeonidae, lead by Megacles foiled the coup and killed ...
Peloponnesian War: Practice Test 1. The politician who
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The War Horse in Ancient Greece and Rome
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The Battle of Arginusae - Michigan War Studies Review
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... the battle between Athenian and Spartan fleets off the coast of present-day Turkey in 406 BCE. The fourth chapter, “The Athenians and Their Generals,” gives an overview of relations between elected military commanders (strategoi) and the democratic assembly (ekklesia) in the fifth century. Chapter 5 ...
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...  Although greatly outnumbered, the Athenians routed the Persian army at the battle of Marathon, then marched back to Athens in time to fight off the Persian fleet (490 bce)  Ten years later, Xerxes decided to avenge Darius’ loss  In 480 bce, he dispatched a 100k strong army and a fleet of 1k ship ...
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... If boys left home for good at age 7 and husbands and fathers spent the greater part of their life in military training with other men, the impact of all this on the lives of women must have been enormous. While there is no proof one way or another, it seems likely that Spartan marriages were arrange ...
Modernism Introduction
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On Aeschylus - Shakespeare Theatre Company
On Aeschylus - Shakespeare Theatre Company

... Salamis. The Persian boats were much larger than the Greeks, and to combat this, the Greeks turned their more maneuverable boats into fighting platforms, filling them with soldiers who would engage the enemy in combat. The Athenians defeated the majority of the Persian fleet and the Persians withdre ...
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Ancient Greek warfare



The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.
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