ALL THE KING`S GREEKS: MERCENARIES, POLEIS, AND
... military weakness of these polities and the superiority of Greek hoplites over their Near Eastern counterparts. I demonstrate that the purported superiority of Greek heavy infantry has been exaggerated by Greco-Roman authors. Furthermore, close examination of Greek mercenary service reveals that the ...
... military weakness of these polities and the superiority of Greek hoplites over their Near Eastern counterparts. I demonstrate that the purported superiority of Greek heavy infantry has been exaggerated by Greco-Roman authors. Furthermore, close examination of Greek mercenary service reveals that the ...
Socrates` Life Synopsis
... Socrates was the son of Sophroniscus, an Athenian stone mason and sculptor, and Phaenarete, a midwife. Because he wasn't from a noble family, he probably received a basic Greek education and learned his father's craft at a young age. It is believed Socrates worked as mason for many years before he d ...
... Socrates was the son of Sophroniscus, an Athenian stone mason and sculptor, and Phaenarete, a midwife. Because he wasn't from a noble family, he probably received a basic Greek education and learned his father's craft at a young age. It is believed Socrates worked as mason for many years before he d ...
A Political Biography - Assets
... by those I call “progressive” or “more democratic.” Of course, nothing like political parties existed in ancient Athens, but some individuals did tend to support or pursue policies that fell into one of these two schools of thought. On the other hand, sometimes other considerations (like family rela ...
... by those I call “progressive” or “more democratic.” Of course, nothing like political parties existed in ancient Athens, but some individuals did tend to support or pursue policies that fell into one of these two schools of thought. On the other hand, sometimes other considerations (like family rela ...
ANCIENT HISTORY WACE Sample Examination 2016
... provision of 5000 talents from the Delian League fund to pay for a rebuilding programme of Athenian temples. This possibly also indicates the failure of the previously mentioned Congress decree • Colophon Decree (c.446) possibly in response to a revolt 450–446 BC, pledge to not revolt by word or dee ...
... provision of 5000 talents from the Delian League fund to pay for a rebuilding programme of Athenian temples. This possibly also indicates the failure of the previously mentioned Congress decree • Colophon Decree (c.446) possibly in response to a revolt 450–446 BC, pledge to not revolt by word or dee ...
Chapter 2 : The Rise of Greek Civilization
... A. Economic changes that helped secure the future prosperity of Greece B. Increased communication with the rest of the Mediterranean world C. Broke the grip of the aristocracy and put powers to talented citizens D. All of these answers. (Answer: D, page 51) [Factual] 24. By confronting the Greeks wi ...
... A. Economic changes that helped secure the future prosperity of Greece B. Increased communication with the rest of the Mediterranean world C. Broke the grip of the aristocracy and put powers to talented citizens D. All of these answers. (Answer: D, page 51) [Factual] 24. By confronting the Greeks wi ...
Exploring the Role of Basic Motives in Foreign Policy
... and be accepted by larger communities, which can provide more protection and comfort than the actor would be able to secure for itself. In order to be part of such a community, an actor needs to accept and internalize, at least to some extent, that community's norms and rules of behavior. The most i ...
... and be accepted by larger communities, which can provide more protection and comfort than the actor would be able to secure for itself. In order to be part of such a community, an actor needs to accept and internalize, at least to some extent, that community's norms and rules of behavior. The most i ...
Christopher Smith
... However, in The Acharnians, Aristophanes offers no honorable solution to the war. Several years later though, he does write Lysistrata, another peace comedy that represents just how difficult an Athenian-Spartan peace treaty would be to achieve. But while no attempt to reach a treaty is made, privat ...
... However, in The Acharnians, Aristophanes offers no honorable solution to the war. Several years later though, he does write Lysistrata, another peace comedy that represents just how difficult an Athenian-Spartan peace treaty would be to achieve. But while no attempt to reach a treaty is made, privat ...
Pericles with the enemy. In the 4B0s a number
... law was to strengthen the position of the Athenian citizen. The growing power of Athens at this time was a source of pride, and Pericles wanted to restrict civic benefits to Athenians. This law also improved the position of Athenian women, for the men were now forced to marry within their own state ...
... law was to strengthen the position of the Athenian citizen. The growing power of Athens at this time was a source of pride, and Pericles wanted to restrict civic benefits to Athenians. This law also improved the position of Athenian women, for the men were now forced to marry within their own state ...
Document
... the Persians on behalf of the Greeks in Asia Minor. And fitting out a fleet of two hundred triremes, they chose Cimon, the son of Miltiades, to be general and commanded him to sail to Cyprus to make war on the Persians. [2] And Cimon, taking the fleet which had been furnished with excellent crews an ...
... the Persians on behalf of the Greeks in Asia Minor. And fitting out a fleet of two hundred triremes, they chose Cimon, the son of Miltiades, to be general and commanded him to sail to Cyprus to make war on the Persians. [2] And Cimon, taking the fleet which had been furnished with excellent crews an ...
Socrates on Trial The Apology The Apology The Apology
... Corrupting the young. Not believing in the gods of Athens. Believing in other new spiritual things: Daimon = Conscience? ...
... Corrupting the young. Not believing in the gods of Athens. Believing in other new spiritual things: Daimon = Conscience? ...
PowerPoint
... means “Defense” (not “apology”) Charges brought in 399 B.C. by Anytus, Lycon, and Meletus. • Trial is historical • Speeches may or may not be historical. ...
... means “Defense” (not “apology”) Charges brought in 399 B.C. by Anytus, Lycon, and Meletus. • Trial is historical • Speeches may or may not be historical. ...
Torture of Non-Citizens in Homicide Investigations Eugene W. Bushala
... The most recent argument for his being a slave is that of Turasiewicz, who maintains that (a) there is nothing in the oration which confirms Theodotus' free status, (b) the appellation TO IIAaTatKov /LEtpd.KtOV would refer to a slave as well as to a freeman, and (c) the boy's occupation more befits ...
... The most recent argument for his being a slave is that of Turasiewicz, who maintains that (a) there is nothing in the oration which confirms Theodotus' free status, (b) the appellation TO IIAaTatKov /LEtpd.KtOV would refer to a slave as well as to a freeman, and (c) the boy's occupation more befits ...
The Date of the Callias Decrees
... explains why they moved their treasures. Only barbarians had pillaged shrines in the course of conquest. There would not be the slightest reason for the Athenians to suppose that their opponents would transgress the usages of war in unheralded and impious fashion. That the Athenians feared for the s ...
... explains why they moved their treasures. Only barbarians had pillaged shrines in the course of conquest. There would not be the slightest reason for the Athenians to suppose that their opponents would transgress the usages of war in unheralded and impious fashion. That the Athenians feared for the s ...
19 page pdf - The Stoa Consortium
... ones in rather different ways, we should consider each type separately for evidence of Athenian attitudes toward proper and improper uses of litigation. While private suits (dikai) could involve questions of assault or even homicide, they frequently arose from disputes between individuals or groups ...
... ones in rather different ways, we should consider each type separately for evidence of Athenian attitudes toward proper and improper uses of litigation. While private suits (dikai) could involve questions of assault or even homicide, they frequently arose from disputes between individuals or groups ...
Apodexis Historia - University of Alberta
... …the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians had the pre-eminence, the first of the Dorian and the others of the Ionian tribe. For these were the most eminent tribes in ancient time, the second being a Pelasgian and the first a Hellenic tribe: and the one never migrated from its place in any direction, whi ...
... …the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians had the pre-eminence, the first of the Dorian and the others of the Ionian tribe. For these were the most eminent tribes in ancient time, the second being a Pelasgian and the first a Hellenic tribe: and the one never migrated from its place in any direction, whi ...
History Of Macedonia_EN_v2
... can be reached from the great majority of their surviving linguistic traces: the names of the Macedonian months, such as Xandikos, Dios, Artemisios, Hyperberetaios, Peritios, etc., which are associated (as in the cities of south Greece) with festivals, are Greek. Personal names – and not only those ...
... can be reached from the great majority of their surviving linguistic traces: the names of the Macedonian months, such as Xandikos, Dios, Artemisios, Hyperberetaios, Peritios, etc., which are associated (as in the cities of south Greece) with festivals, are Greek. Personal names – and not only those ...
Puppets of the Barbarian: How Persia controlled Greek relations
... Photius. Ctesias’ writings were derived from personal observation as well as the oral tradition of the Persian court. Brosius’ argument that Ctesias may never have been at the Persian, which rests on the examination of the extant fragments, ignores completely this fragmentary nature. 13 It has been ...
... Photius. Ctesias’ writings were derived from personal observation as well as the oral tradition of the Persian court. Brosius’ argument that Ctesias may never have been at the Persian, which rests on the examination of the extant fragments, ignores completely this fragmentary nature. 13 It has been ...
History - History of Ancient Civilization
... summer, dwellers on the shore of the lake found, in the mud, wooden piles which had been much eaten away, also some rude utensils. These were the remains of an ancient village built over the water. Since this time more than 200 similar villages have been found in the lakes of Switzerland. They have ...
... summer, dwellers on the shore of the lake found, in the mud, wooden piles which had been much eaten away, also some rude utensils. These were the remains of an ancient village built over the water. Since this time more than 200 similar villages have been found in the lakes of Switzerland. They have ...
Hellenic Holocaust: A Historical Clinico-Pathologic
... known. His sister had recently died while in her mid sixties of an illness similar to that of the patient. The condition of his brother, who was approximately 60 years of age, is not known. A similar illness simultaneously afflicted many of the patient’s fellow Athenians. The epidemic began about a ...
... known. His sister had recently died while in her mid sixties of an illness similar to that of the patient. The condition of his brother, who was approximately 60 years of age, is not known. A similar illness simultaneously afflicted many of the patient’s fellow Athenians. The epidemic began about a ...
Alcibiades Christian Jones Col Sheldon HI-304
... King Agis so he defected to Persia and joined the Persian Satrap Tissaphernes.13 In Persia, Alcibiades worked to slow the Persian fleet into coming into any conflicts so the soldiers would be rested in case of any needed conquests.14 Then he attempted to initiate a Persian-Athenian alliance, which w ...
... King Agis so he defected to Persia and joined the Persian Satrap Tissaphernes.13 In Persia, Alcibiades worked to slow the Persian fleet into coming into any conflicts so the soldiers would be rested in case of any needed conquests.14 Then he attempted to initiate a Persian-Athenian alliance, which w ...
Morality and Realpolitik in the Athenian Speech at the
... the plethora of amoral considerations that the Athenians also demonstrate, that paradigm is much less categorical than we might imagine. Before we begin, however, it is necessary to explain certain semantics that are germane to the paper. Consider, first, the concepts of ‘might’ and ‘right’ – the tw ...
... the plethora of amoral considerations that the Athenians also demonstrate, that paradigm is much less categorical than we might imagine. Before we begin, however, it is necessary to explain certain semantics that are germane to the paper. Consider, first, the concepts of ‘might’ and ‘right’ – the tw ...
War, disenfranchisement and the fall of the ancient Athenian
... Areopagus. With the restoration of democracy, pay for attending the Assembly at the average daily wage was introduced. Gradually the economy recovered and public revenues burgeoned. Helped by Persian money, Athens rebuilt her fleet and formed new alliances but did not levy tribute. Fighting against ...
... Areopagus. With the restoration of democracy, pay for attending the Assembly at the average daily wage was introduced. Gradually the economy recovered and public revenues burgeoned. Helped by Persian money, Athens rebuilt her fleet and formed new alliances but did not levy tribute. Fighting against ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.