Reinforcement learning in populations of spiking neurons
... mechanism for achieving reliable behavioral responses despite neuronal variability. However, standard reinforcement learning slows down with increasing population size, as the global reward signal becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron. We found that learning speeds up ...
... mechanism for achieving reliable behavioral responses despite neuronal variability. However, standard reinforcement learning slows down with increasing population size, as the global reward signal becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron. We found that learning speeds up ...
Unsupervised models and clustering.
... In the central nervous system, the ganglion cells, which constitute the output stage of the retina, are organized according to receptive fields, sensitive to particular stimuli In the auditory system cortex, neurons and fibers are anatomically arranged in an orderly manner with respect to the acoust ...
... In the central nervous system, the ganglion cells, which constitute the output stage of the retina, are organized according to receptive fields, sensitive to particular stimuli In the auditory system cortex, neurons and fibers are anatomically arranged in an orderly manner with respect to the acoust ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... and regulation of behavior7–9. Distinctions between the involvement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in controlling different aspects of behavior have been proposed: automatic versus cognitive aspects of behavior10 or precise-timing versus threshold-setting distinctions11. As for the involvement ...
... and regulation of behavior7–9. Distinctions between the involvement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in controlling different aspects of behavior have been proposed: automatic versus cognitive aspects of behavior10 or precise-timing versus threshold-setting distinctions11. As for the involvement ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY 5 (updated)
... neurotransmitters such as glutamate using well developed uptake mechanisms to recycle this transmitter. They are particularly characterized by the presence of high concentrations of glutamine synthase. ...
... neurotransmitters such as glutamate using well developed uptake mechanisms to recycle this transmitter. They are particularly characterized by the presence of high concentrations of glutamine synthase. ...
Full Text
... and differentiate into neurons. Newly born neurons adopt multipolar morphology and migrate to the intermediate zone (IZ), where they undergo multipolar– bipolar transition to assume bipolar morphology and migrate along the radial glial (RG) fibers to the cortical plate (CP), a process ...
... and differentiate into neurons. Newly born neurons adopt multipolar morphology and migrate to the intermediate zone (IZ), where they undergo multipolar– bipolar transition to assume bipolar morphology and migrate along the radial glial (RG) fibers to the cortical plate (CP), a process ...
Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of
... when injected into early embryos. At the late blastula/early gastrula stages, BMPs act as epidermal inducers and neural inhibitors (Wilson and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Hawley et al., 1995; Xu et al., 1995; reviewed in Weinstein and HemmatiBrivanlou, 1997; Wilson and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1997), whereas ...
... when injected into early embryos. At the late blastula/early gastrula stages, BMPs act as epidermal inducers and neural inhibitors (Wilson and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Hawley et al., 1995; Xu et al., 1995; reviewed in Weinstein and HemmatiBrivanlou, 1997; Wilson and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1997), whereas ...
Memory, navigation and theta rhythm in the
... consequences of removing the hippocampus and associated structures in the famous patient H.M. and the observation that spiking activity of hippocampal neurons is associated with the spatial position of the rat. In the footsteps of these discoveries, many attempts were made to reconcile these seeming ...
... consequences of removing the hippocampus and associated structures in the famous patient H.M. and the observation that spiking activity of hippocampal neurons is associated with the spatial position of the rat. In the footsteps of these discoveries, many attempts were made to reconcile these seeming ...
Visual circuits in flies: beginning to see the whole picture
... Spectral preference, color vision and polarized light vision in the Drosophila optic lobe. (a) Dm8 and Tm5c neurons are necessary for UV spectral preference. Each Dm8 gets inhibitory inputs from approximately 16 R7s. The information from Dm8 is then passed on through excitatory synapses to Tm5c, whi ...
... Spectral preference, color vision and polarized light vision in the Drosophila optic lobe. (a) Dm8 and Tm5c neurons are necessary for UV spectral preference. Each Dm8 gets inhibitory inputs from approximately 16 R7s. The information from Dm8 is then passed on through excitatory synapses to Tm5c, whi ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Þ In the nervous system, neurons transmit signals along dedicated routs connecting specific location in the body o Signals in the nervous system are called nerve impulses, and they travel to specific target cells along communication lines consisting mainly of axons o These can act on other neurons, ...
... Þ In the nervous system, neurons transmit signals along dedicated routs connecting specific location in the body o Signals in the nervous system are called nerve impulses, and they travel to specific target cells along communication lines consisting mainly of axons o These can act on other neurons, ...
primary motor Cortex
... support cells for centrally located neurons. In the peripheral nervous system (all neurons that lie outside the central nervous system and communicate with various body parts), myelin is formed by the Schwann cellss. The lipid of the myelin in each case comes from multiple layers of the plasma memb ...
... support cells for centrally located neurons. In the peripheral nervous system (all neurons that lie outside the central nervous system and communicate with various body parts), myelin is formed by the Schwann cellss. The lipid of the myelin in each case comes from multiple layers of the plasma memb ...
Descending Tracts - Bell`s Palsy
... 1. close to genu (medial): concerned with the cervical parts of the body 2. away from the genu (lateral): concerned with the lower extremity. ...
... 1. close to genu (medial): concerned with the cervical parts of the body 2. away from the genu (lateral): concerned with the lower extremity. ...
The development of animal cap cells in Xenopus: the effects of
... of cells that will later form ectoderm either by grafting stage-10 animal cap cells into a blastocoel of hosts at any stage, or by grafting pre-stage-10 cells into hosts at stage 10 or later. When the implanted donor ectoderm was derived from embryos at stage 10 or later, the final positions of the ...
... of cells that will later form ectoderm either by grafting stage-10 animal cap cells into a blastocoel of hosts at any stage, or by grafting pre-stage-10 cells into hosts at stage 10 or later. When the implanted donor ectoderm was derived from embryos at stage 10 or later, the final positions of the ...
From view cells and place cells to cognitive map learning
... de®cits in humans and nonhuman primates (Kolb and Tees 1990). The PPC de®cit is likely to be dissociable from the frontal or hippocampal de®cits in that there is no additional memory de®cit after PPC lesions. From the anatomical data, it is not possible to say that complex object recognition cannot ...
... de®cits in humans and nonhuman primates (Kolb and Tees 1990). The PPC de®cit is likely to be dissociable from the frontal or hippocampal de®cits in that there is no additional memory de®cit after PPC lesions. From the anatomical data, it is not possible to say that complex object recognition cannot ...
Neuronal sources of hedgehog modulate neurogenesis in the adult
... nkx2.1 and arx were originally cloned and isolated during an RNAi screen aimed at identifying planarian transcription factors with potential roles in neuronal specification. A unique behavioral defect was observed in all nkx2.1(RNAi) animals, characterized by tonic muscular contractions that bend th ...
... nkx2.1 and arx were originally cloned and isolated during an RNAi screen aimed at identifying planarian transcription factors with potential roles in neuronal specification. A unique behavioral defect was observed in all nkx2.1(RNAi) animals, characterized by tonic muscular contractions that bend th ...
Full Text
... embryogenesis: a) All three axial structures of the tail develop independently of the surface ectoderm. b) The tail bud is the source of pluripotent cells as if it retained the capacity of the primitive streak and the Hensen's node. It gives structures considered as derivatives of all three germ lay ...
... embryogenesis: a) All three axial structures of the tail develop independently of the surface ectoderm. b) The tail bud is the source of pluripotent cells as if it retained the capacity of the primitive streak and the Hensen's node. It gives structures considered as derivatives of all three germ lay ...
Central Control of Motor Function
... muscles – medullary reticulospinal tract. Pontine & medullary systems balance each other. • Vestibular nuclei – supplement the excitatory function of the pontine system by integrating vestibular information – lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts. ...
... muscles – medullary reticulospinal tract. Pontine & medullary systems balance each other. • Vestibular nuclei – supplement the excitatory function of the pontine system by integrating vestibular information – lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts. ...
Nissl substance and cellular structures involved in the intraneuronal
... cells capture an extracellular material by means of endocytosis. In MRN, however, the vesicular transport between perikarion and the neuronal membrane is restricted by the fibrillar envelope surrounding the cell body. Rather few vesicles are observed within this fibrillar layer. Vesicles approach th ...
... cells capture an extracellular material by means of endocytosis. In MRN, however, the vesicular transport between perikarion and the neuronal membrane is restricted by the fibrillar envelope surrounding the cell body. Rather few vesicles are observed within this fibrillar layer. Vesicles approach th ...
Spinal Cord and reflexes lab
... • Intact reflexes require • Intact sensory afferent nerves (coming to the spinal cord) • Intact synapse within the spinal cord • Intact efferent motor nerves coming from the spinal column • Adequately functioning muscle. ...
... • Intact reflexes require • Intact sensory afferent nerves (coming to the spinal cord) • Intact synapse within the spinal cord • Intact efferent motor nerves coming from the spinal column • Adequately functioning muscle. ...
Dr. Cam Perkins - BIOL 2210
... • if receptor is part of a neuron, the membrane potential may generate an action potential • if receptor is not part of a neuron, the receptor potential must be transferred to a neuron to trigger an action potential ...
... • if receptor is part of a neuron, the membrane potential may generate an action potential • if receptor is not part of a neuron, the receptor potential must be transferred to a neuron to trigger an action potential ...