Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
Neural ensemble dynamics underlying a long
... representation of the CS to become more similar to the US representation. During extinction training with repetitive CS presentations, the CS representation became more distinctive without reverting to its original form. Throughout the experiments, the strength of the ensemble-encoded CS–US associat ...
... representation of the CS to become more similar to the US representation. During extinction training with repetitive CS presentations, the CS representation became more distinctive without reverting to its original form. Throughout the experiments, the strength of the ensemble-encoded CS–US associat ...
Thalamus Notes
... kinds of receptor from which they receive information. Area 3a, on the transition to motor cortex receives sensory signals from muscle spindles. Neurons in area 3b are foremost activated by stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Area 2 is influenced by proprioceptors to a larger extent than area 3b, fo ...
... kinds of receptor from which they receive information. Area 3a, on the transition to motor cortex receives sensory signals from muscle spindles. Neurons in area 3b are foremost activated by stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Area 2 is influenced by proprioceptors to a larger extent than area 3b, fo ...
neural correlates of associative face memory in
... associative pair-selective neurons (upper, black); and face-responsive but not associative pair-responsive neurons (lower, gray). Arrows indicate the ISI values of the neurons depicted in Fig. 2 (black) and Fig. 3 (white), which were 0.5667 and 0.4201, respectively. ...
... associative pair-selective neurons (upper, black); and face-responsive but not associative pair-responsive neurons (lower, gray). Arrows indicate the ISI values of the neurons depicted in Fig. 2 (black) and Fig. 3 (white), which were 0.5667 and 0.4201, respectively. ...
In transverse section, the spinal cord features: -
... Fig. 15. Meninges are connective tissue layers surrounding the brain, the spinal cord, and the roots of peripheral nerves. The pia mater (P) is a delicate connective tissue layer attached directly to the white matter of the spinal cord. The dura mater (D) is a thick connective tissue layer. It is t ...
... Fig. 15. Meninges are connective tissue layers surrounding the brain, the spinal cord, and the roots of peripheral nerves. The pia mater (P) is a delicate connective tissue layer attached directly to the white matter of the spinal cord. The dura mater (D) is a thick connective tissue layer. It is t ...
During development groups of inducing cells called
... Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor b (TGFb) superfamily. To date, around 20 BMP family members have been identified and characterized. BMPs signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors, composed of type I and II s ...
... Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor b (TGFb) superfamily. To date, around 20 BMP family members have been identified and characterized. BMPs signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors, composed of type I and II s ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... t-test). The percentage of actin microspikes that showed any changes in length also decreased significantly in α3 integrin null cells (wild type, 73±3%; mutant 30±2%). When α3 integrin was re-expressed in mutant cells, the rate of actin microspike elongation or retraction was restored to 1.06±0.06 µ ...
... t-test). The percentage of actin microspikes that showed any changes in length also decreased significantly in α3 integrin null cells (wild type, 73±3%; mutant 30±2%). When α3 integrin was re-expressed in mutant cells, the rate of actin microspike elongation or retraction was restored to 1.06±0.06 µ ...
text of chapter 2
... radiant energy (light) into neural impulses. Humans have two types of these light-sensitive receptor neurons: rods and cones. The cones are concentrated in the center of the eye and used for detailed vision and color. The rods are found in greater proportion in the periphery of the eye, firing very ...
... radiant energy (light) into neural impulses. Humans have two types of these light-sensitive receptor neurons: rods and cones. The cones are concentrated in the center of the eye and used for detailed vision and color. The rods are found in greater proportion in the periphery of the eye, firing very ...
Efficient gene delivery to the adult and fetal CNS using
... animals and humans.1–3 However, recent studies have also identified this risk using lentiviruses.4 Non-integrating lentiviruses (NILVs) have been developed by introducing class 1 mutations into the integrase gene, and may obviate some of these difficulties. The vector genome exists episomally as fun ...
... animals and humans.1–3 However, recent studies have also identified this risk using lentiviruses.4 Non-integrating lentiviruses (NILVs) have been developed by introducing class 1 mutations into the integrase gene, and may obviate some of these difficulties. The vector genome exists episomally as fun ...
1 How the Nervous System Works
... dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron’s cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, move toward the cell body, and then move down the axon. A neuron can have many dendrites, but it has only one axon. An axon, howe ...
... dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites carry impulses toward the neuron’s cell body. The axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, move toward the cell body, and then move down the axon. A neuron can have many dendrites, but it has only one axon. An axon, howe ...
PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS CATALYST FOR COLLABORATION AT EAST CAROLINA: TODAY AND TOMORROW
... as "guidance cues" for growing nerves, alternately repelling and attracting growth to keep a developing nerve on the right track inside the body. To define the basic principles of complex nervous system organization, his lab works to identify genes in a fruit fly model and studies those newfound mol ...
... as "guidance cues" for growing nerves, alternately repelling and attracting growth to keep a developing nerve on the right track inside the body. To define the basic principles of complex nervous system organization, his lab works to identify genes in a fruit fly model and studies those newfound mol ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... of LeGrosClark in 1940. He described excellent survival and differentiation in a case of embryonicneocortexgrafted to the cortex of a six-weekold rabbit. It is remarkablethat this paper s~eemedto havepassed relatively unnoticed.In his autobiography, LeGrosClark (1968) does not even mentionthis study ...
... of LeGrosClark in 1940. He described excellent survival and differentiation in a case of embryonicneocortexgrafted to the cortex of a six-weekold rabbit. It is remarkablethat this paper s~eemedto havepassed relatively unnoticed.In his autobiography, LeGrosClark (1968) does not even mentionthis study ...
Educational Items Section
... genes were identified that are not only similar in sequence but also in their molecular function in widely diverged organisms such as C.elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and man. From Drosophila studies it is now clear that epigenetic development is regulated by cascades of gene expression. Early ...
... genes were identified that are not only similar in sequence but also in their molecular function in widely diverged organisms such as C.elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and man. From Drosophila studies it is now clear that epigenetic development is regulated by cascades of gene expression. Early ...
20. Nervous system. Spinal cord
... • Posterior horns contain interneurons. • Anterior horns contain some • interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spi ...
... • Posterior horns contain interneurons. • Anterior horns contain some • interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spi ...
reSOLUTION Neuroscience Supplement
... anyone before him. It may be a fascinating idea, but no one will ever be able to create the perfect fragrance that makes a person irresistibly attractive. In the animal world, on the other hand, olfactory signals are an essential element of social communication. Yet we are only just beginning to und ...
... anyone before him. It may be a fascinating idea, but no one will ever be able to create the perfect fragrance that makes a person irresistibly attractive. In the animal world, on the other hand, olfactory signals are an essential element of social communication. Yet we are only just beginning to und ...
File
... from the epiblast. A small cavity appears in the epiblast and becomes the amniotic cavity. Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast are called amnioblasts. Day 9 – The blastocyst becomes more embedded into the endometrium. A fibrin plug covers the defect in endometrium. Especially at the embry ...
... from the epiblast. A small cavity appears in the epiblast and becomes the amniotic cavity. Epiblast cells adjacent to the cytotrophoblast are called amnioblasts. Day 9 – The blastocyst becomes more embedded into the endometrium. A fibrin plug covers the defect in endometrium. Especially at the embry ...
Transgenic Targeting of Recombinant Rabies Virus Reveals
... VSV glycoprotein expression vector replaced with the plasmid pCMMPEnvARGCD-IRES-EGFP (Wickersham et al., 2007b) encoding the EnvA envelope glycoprotein with the cytoplasmic domain of the rabies virus glycoprotein. Starting stocks of rabies virus with the mCherry gene substituted for that of the vira ...
... VSV glycoprotein expression vector replaced with the plasmid pCMMPEnvARGCD-IRES-EGFP (Wickersham et al., 2007b) encoding the EnvA envelope glycoprotein with the cytoplasmic domain of the rabies virus glycoprotein. Starting stocks of rabies virus with the mCherry gene substituted for that of the vira ...
14 Reinforcement Learning, High-Level Cognition, and the Human
... system and cognitive processes, providing what was called a sub-symbolic explanation of cognition. This new field was inspired by the fast developing neurosciences; in particular, the scientists developing this new branch not only did not adhere to the dogma that theorizing should remain at the beha ...
... system and cognitive processes, providing what was called a sub-symbolic explanation of cognition. This new field was inspired by the fast developing neurosciences; in particular, the scientists developing this new branch not only did not adhere to the dogma that theorizing should remain at the beha ...
Gaze effects in the cerebral cortex: reference frames for
... visuomotor cortical pathways, and the motor system is thought to receive target information in a body-centered reference frame. However, neurons along these pathways have a number of similar properties and receive common input signals, suggesting that a non-retinocentric representation of object loc ...
... visuomotor cortical pathways, and the motor system is thought to receive target information in a body-centered reference frame. However, neurons along these pathways have a number of similar properties and receive common input signals, suggesting that a non-retinocentric representation of object loc ...
