Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... distractors in different blocks that were repeated several times. As monkeys performed this task, we recorded neural responses in IT or PRh using multichannel probes. To quantify the population response on any given trial, we counted spikes in a window starting 50 ms after stimulus onset (to allow t ...
... distractors in different blocks that were repeated several times. As monkeys performed this task, we recorded neural responses in IT or PRh using multichannel probes. To quantify the population response on any given trial, we counted spikes in a window starting 50 ms after stimulus onset (to allow t ...
Frequency-Dependent Processing in the Vibrissa Sensory System
... Moore and Nelson 1998; Zhu and Connors 1999). ...
... Moore and Nelson 1998; Zhu and Connors 1999). ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking, whereas others show spiking that self-terminates over periods of many seconds (Klink & Alonso, 1997). Pyramidal cells in layer III show stable persistent spiking that can last for two minutes or more (Yoshida et al., ...
... pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking, whereas others show spiking that self-terminates over periods of many seconds (Klink & Alonso, 1997). Pyramidal cells in layer III show stable persistent spiking that can last for two minutes or more (Yoshida et al., ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
Your Nervous System - Springfield Public Schools
... In some reflex actions, the actions of the skeletal muscles are controlled by the spinal cord only—not the brain. These reflexes help protect your body from harm because they enable you to react very quickly. The brain receives separate signals but they take longer to arrive there. By the time the b ...
... In some reflex actions, the actions of the skeletal muscles are controlled by the spinal cord only—not the brain. These reflexes help protect your body from harm because they enable you to react very quickly. The brain receives separate signals but they take longer to arrive there. By the time the b ...
ppt - BIAC – Duke
... In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, ...
... In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, ...
REM-off
... transmitter by the presynaptic neuron opens the same number and type of ionotropic receptors on the postsynaptic neuron), the impact of the presynaptic neuron on the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane potential and rate of action potentials may differ depending on the properties of other types of ion ch ...
... transmitter by the presynaptic neuron opens the same number and type of ionotropic receptors on the postsynaptic neuron), the impact of the presynaptic neuron on the postsynaptic neuron’s membrane potential and rate of action potentials may differ depending on the properties of other types of ion ch ...
Melting the Iceberg
... (A) The classical model of orientation selectivity. The ON and OFF subregions of the receptive field of a V1 simple cell are obtained by summing appropriately aligned LGN inputs (circles). (B) The orientation selectivity of membrane potential in response to stimuli of 50% contrast (green) and 5% con ...
... (A) The classical model of orientation selectivity. The ON and OFF subregions of the receptive field of a V1 simple cell are obtained by summing appropriately aligned LGN inputs (circles). (B) The orientation selectivity of membrane potential in response to stimuli of 50% contrast (green) and 5% con ...
smell
... • The odorant substance must be; 1. Volatile in order to be sniffed into the nose 2. Sufficiently water soluble in order to pass through mucous layer 3. Lipid soluble in order to penetrate the cells membrane • Olfactory cells are stimulated when air blasts upwards into the superior region of the n ...
... • The odorant substance must be; 1. Volatile in order to be sniffed into the nose 2. Sufficiently water soluble in order to pass through mucous layer 3. Lipid soluble in order to penetrate the cells membrane • Olfactory cells are stimulated when air blasts upwards into the superior region of the n ...
Age-related Increase in Astrocytes in the Visual Area V2 of the Cat
... in the number, somatic size, cell processes, and immunoreactive intensity of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes. These findings are similar to the findings reported in the aging cerebellum or other brain regions (Sabbatini et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2006), indicating that an age-related enhancement of ...
... in the number, somatic size, cell processes, and immunoreactive intensity of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes. These findings are similar to the findings reported in the aging cerebellum or other brain regions (Sabbatini et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2006), indicating that an age-related enhancement of ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift objects without crushing or dropping them. Under normal circumstances, the skin is densely innervated by the RA afferents which allows for users to make rapid fine adjustments in grip force as objects slip b ...
... Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift objects without crushing or dropping them. Under normal circumstances, the skin is densely innervated by the RA afferents which allows for users to make rapid fine adjustments in grip force as objects slip b ...
Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus During Delayed Non
... odor task would fall into two functional categories: cue-sampling cells that f i e maximally during the period between trial initiation and the water port response, and goal-approach cells of two subtypes, cells that fire maximally just before or during the trial initiation (sniff port entry) and re ...
... odor task would fall into two functional categories: cue-sampling cells that f i e maximally during the period between trial initiation and the water port response, and goal-approach cells of two subtypes, cells that fire maximally just before or during the trial initiation (sniff port entry) and re ...
Electrical Properties of Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Cells
... neuroendocrine cell resembles that of non-endocrine neurons or of nonnervous glandular cells (12, 21, 28). 1 The preoptic nucleus of lower vertebrates, which differentiates into the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in higher forms, produces the hormones of the neural lobe of the pituitary (40). ...
... neuroendocrine cell resembles that of non-endocrine neurons or of nonnervous glandular cells (12, 21, 28). 1 The preoptic nucleus of lower vertebrates, which differentiates into the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in higher forms, produces the hormones of the neural lobe of the pituitary (40). ...
Directional guidance of interneuron migration to the cerebral cortex
... rostrally into the developing olfactory bulb, whereas the MGE also gives rise to neurons that remain within the basal telencephalon (Marín et al., 2000; Wichterle et al., 2001). It is clear, therefore, that a precise control of the migratory behavior of each one of these neuronal populations must ex ...
... rostrally into the developing olfactory bulb, whereas the MGE also gives rise to neurons that remain within the basal telencephalon (Marín et al., 2000; Wichterle et al., 2001). It is clear, therefore, that a precise control of the migratory behavior of each one of these neuronal populations must ex ...
lecture 02
... lobes (also called motor strip); this area is immediately adjacent to S1 Left M1 controls movements by right part of body and vice versa Frontal lobes also involved in memory retrieval, in planning and reasoning, and in some emotions ...
... lobes (also called motor strip); this area is immediately adjacent to S1 Left M1 controls movements by right part of body and vice versa Frontal lobes also involved in memory retrieval, in planning and reasoning, and in some emotions ...
Neural degeneration mutants in the zebrafish, Danio
... spreads to other parts of the nervous system. Class IV: early general neural degeneration (Fig. 5). These mutants show early general neural cell degeneration at around the 15-somite stage and complete degeneration of the head by 24 hours. For each class of mutants we describe a representative. We th ...
... spreads to other parts of the nervous system. Class IV: early general neural degeneration (Fig. 5). These mutants show early general neural cell degeneration at around the 15-somite stage and complete degeneration of the head by 24 hours. For each class of mutants we describe a representative. We th ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
... • Pre and post ganglionic fibers demonstrate convergence and divergence – there is no simple one-to-one relationship between pre and post ganglionic neurons – each postganglionic cell may receive synapses from multiple preganglionic cells: neuronal convergence – each preganglionic fiber branches and ...
... • Pre and post ganglionic fibers demonstrate convergence and divergence – there is no simple one-to-one relationship between pre and post ganglionic neurons – each postganglionic cell may receive synapses from multiple preganglionic cells: neuronal convergence – each preganglionic fiber branches and ...
Linking Genetically Defined Neurons to Behavior through a Broadly
... Testing RC::PFtox required first applying it to an already welldefined neural system as proof of concept, and one not essential for viability, so as to allow postnatal analyses. We therefore targeted a major cerebellar circuit for silencing by partnering RC::PFtox with both Math1-cre (Matei et al., ...
... Testing RC::PFtox required first applying it to an already welldefined neural system as proof of concept, and one not essential for viability, so as to allow postnatal analyses. We therefore targeted a major cerebellar circuit for silencing by partnering RC::PFtox with both Math1-cre (Matei et al., ...
DESCENDING TRACTS
... Regulate muscle tone and muscle force. May be involved in selecting and inhibiting specific motor synergies. ...
... Regulate muscle tone and muscle force. May be involved in selecting and inhibiting specific motor synergies. ...
Optimal Neural Spike Classification
... the other class. Fig.3a shows the results with applying the first scheme (i.e. using Eq. 3). The overall percentage correct classification for all spikes (solid curve) and the percentage correct classification for overlapping spikes (dashed curve) are plotted versus the standard deviation of the noi ...
... the other class. Fig.3a shows the results with applying the first scheme (i.e. using Eq. 3). The overall percentage correct classification for all spikes (solid curve) and the percentage correct classification for overlapping spikes (dashed curve) are plotted versus the standard deviation of the noi ...
Cleavage and Gastrulation in Drosophila Embryos
... These rings are equivalent in composition to conventional cytokinesis contractile rings and include actin, myosin II, spectrins, anillin, septins and formins. In addition, they are closely associated with the plasma membrane and are required for invagination of furrows around the spindles (these are ...
... These rings are equivalent in composition to conventional cytokinesis contractile rings and include actin, myosin II, spectrins, anillin, septins and formins. In addition, they are closely associated with the plasma membrane and are required for invagination of furrows around the spindles (these are ...
The Problem of Consciousness by Francis Crick and
... brain must use past experience (either its own or that of our distant ancestors, which is embedded in our genes) to help interpret the information coming into our eyes. An example would be the derivation of the three-dimensional representation of the world from the two-dimensional signals falling on ...
... brain must use past experience (either its own or that of our distant ancestors, which is embedded in our genes) to help interpret the information coming into our eyes. An example would be the derivation of the three-dimensional representation of the world from the two-dimensional signals falling on ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... neurons, along with motor neurons, in cortical motor areas. Mirror neurons are activated when the movements and actions of conspecifics are perceived, indicating that intentional action and the corresponding mental imagery share the same neuronal structures. Hence, when a single pigeon senses the ap ...
... neurons, along with motor neurons, in cortical motor areas. Mirror neurons are activated when the movements and actions of conspecifics are perceived, indicating that intentional action and the corresponding mental imagery share the same neuronal structures. Hence, when a single pigeon senses the ap ...
A visual motion detection circuit suggested by Drosophila
... motion detection circuit, and showed that the connections onto individual motion-sensitive neurons in this circuit were consistent with their direction selectivity. Our results identify cellular targets for future functional investigations, and demonstrate that connectomes can provide key insights i ...
... motion detection circuit, and showed that the connections onto individual motion-sensitive neurons in this circuit were consistent with their direction selectivity. Our results identify cellular targets for future functional investigations, and demonstrate that connectomes can provide key insights i ...