Searching for lost memories, Sudoku, and related ills of the brain
... milliseconds. Rolls has argued (on the basis of the firing rates of neurons, the number of synapses and lengths of axons in the pathway between LGN and motor cortex, the known time delays between retina and LGN, and from motor cortex to action) that when this task is being performed as fast as possi ...
... milliseconds. Rolls has argued (on the basis of the firing rates of neurons, the number of synapses and lengths of axons in the pathway between LGN and motor cortex, the known time delays between retina and LGN, and from motor cortex to action) that when this task is being performed as fast as possi ...
Organization of Motor Systems
... Somatic units consist of single muscle fiber types • Smaller cell bodies are more easily brought to threshold; the smallest cell bodies belong to motorneurons that serve type I units, the next size category serves Type IIa units, and the largest sizes serve Type IIb units • As muscular effort is in ...
... Somatic units consist of single muscle fiber types • Smaller cell bodies are more easily brought to threshold; the smallest cell bodies belong to motorneurons that serve type I units, the next size category serves Type IIa units, and the largest sizes serve Type IIb units • As muscular effort is in ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
- Wiley Online Library
... different response to neural injury compared with mammalian neural injury. The regenerating urodele cord produces new neurons as well as supporting axonal regrowth. It is not yet clear to what extent urodele spinal cord regeneration recapitulates embryonic anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning ...
... different response to neural injury compared with mammalian neural injury. The regenerating urodele cord produces new neurons as well as supporting axonal regrowth. It is not yet clear to what extent urodele spinal cord regeneration recapitulates embryonic anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning ...
Intermediate
... (1977). Here, response properties that vary across the cortical surface but not through the depth of the cortex include the location of the neuron's receptive field in visual space, and the degree to which neurons are dominated by one eye. Columnar organization has also since been found in the audit ...
... (1977). Here, response properties that vary across the cortical surface but not through the depth of the cortex include the location of the neuron's receptive field in visual space, and the degree to which neurons are dominated by one eye. Columnar organization has also since been found in the audit ...
Supplementary Information - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... uncoupled, spiking, excitatory neurons. And finally, the LGN feeds into V1, which also consists of spiking neurons, this time coupled through lateral connections. Unlike the LGN, V1 includes inhibitory as well as excitatory neurons. We describe each of these three layers below. Retina. The retina, w ...
... uncoupled, spiking, excitatory neurons. And finally, the LGN feeds into V1, which also consists of spiking neurons, this time coupled through lateral connections. Unlike the LGN, V1 includes inhibitory as well as excitatory neurons. We describe each of these three layers below. Retina. The retina, w ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... functionally in terms of feature dimensions. The receptive field of a neuron thus more generally refers to a localized region in a multidimensional feature space (see Obermayer and others, 1992). For instance, a V1 neuron might have a preference for a certain range of retinal locations (x,y), orient ...
... functionally in terms of feature dimensions. The receptive field of a neuron thus more generally refers to a localized region in a multidimensional feature space (see Obermayer and others, 1992). For instance, a V1 neuron might have a preference for a certain range of retinal locations (x,y), orient ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
Microconnectomics of the Pretectum and Ventral Thalamus in the
... folia VIc–IXc in the cerebellum, which are related to visual and oculomotor responses (Freedman et al., 1975; Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of ...
... folia VIc–IXc in the cerebellum, which are related to visual and oculomotor responses (Freedman et al., 1975; Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of ...
ALS Pathway
... Axons: project across midline through anterior white commissure to form the ALS (ends up one level above where it entered); ALS ascends in the anterior region of the lateral funiculus o Somatotopic Organization in the Spinal Cord: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (from medial to lateral) ...
... Axons: project across midline through anterior white commissure to form the ALS (ends up one level above where it entered); ALS ascends in the anterior region of the lateral funiculus o Somatotopic Organization in the Spinal Cord: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (from medial to lateral) ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... implanted in the left SNr; 5 in the right SNr). of electrode array in the SNr. B, Placement of the 4 ⫻ 4 electrode array as shown in representative coronal brain sections from three The arrays consisted of micro-polished tung- different mice. Red arrows indicate electrode tracks. Scale bar, 500 m. ...
... implanted in the left SNr; 5 in the right SNr). of electrode array in the SNr. B, Placement of the 4 ⫻ 4 electrode array as shown in representative coronal brain sections from three The arrays consisted of micro-polished tung- different mice. Red arrows indicate electrode tracks. Scale bar, 500 m. ...
NeuroD2 Is Necessary for Development and Survival of Central
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
The C. elegans Connectome Consists of Homogenous Circuits with
... blocks, termed network motifs, are significantly overrepresented in biological networks, including the neural network of the round worm C. elegans [19,22–27]. Focusing on these small motifs allowed deciphering their potential functional roles in the network [20–23,25,28–30]. In addition, linear syst ...
... blocks, termed network motifs, are significantly overrepresented in biological networks, including the neural network of the round worm C. elegans [19,22–27]. Focusing on these small motifs allowed deciphering their potential functional roles in the network [20–23,25,28–30]. In addition, linear syst ...
A Brain Adaptation View of Plasticity: Is Synaptic Plasticity An Overly
... modulating interactions between neurons. While neuronal and synaptic plasticity are without question important aspects of brain function, it has become increasingly clear that other cellular elements of brain are malleable and that their plasticity can contribute to brain function. For example, olig ...
... modulating interactions between neurons. While neuronal and synaptic plasticity are without question important aspects of brain function, it has become increasingly clear that other cellular elements of brain are malleable and that their plasticity can contribute to brain function. For example, olig ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... sory integration Summary: Most cognitive functions are based on highly parallel and distributed information processing by the brain. A paradigmatic example is provided by the ver tebrate visual system where numerous cortical areas have been described which anal yse different types of visual inform ...
... sory integration Summary: Most cognitive functions are based on highly parallel and distributed information processing by the brain. A paradigmatic example is provided by the ver tebrate visual system where numerous cortical areas have been described which anal yse different types of visual inform ...
Direct somatic lineage conversion - Philosophical Transactions of
... involved in neuronal specification and pancreatic islet cell development [33]. These human iN cells showed electrophysiological features and gene expression patterns similar to primary excitatory neurons just like the mouse iN cells generated before. When co-cultured with primary mouse cortical neur ...
... involved in neuronal specification and pancreatic islet cell development [33]. These human iN cells showed electrophysiological features and gene expression patterns similar to primary excitatory neurons just like the mouse iN cells generated before. When co-cultured with primary mouse cortical neur ...
6-Cerebellum 2009
... input ) to the cerebellar cortex , from all parts of the body , and , in addition (2) Provide inputs from the Motor Area ( M1) & related areas of the Cerebral Cortex ( indirectly , via relays in the pontine nuclei ). They end on the dendrites of Granule cells in complex synaptic groupings called Glo ...
... input ) to the cerebellar cortex , from all parts of the body , and , in addition (2) Provide inputs from the Motor Area ( M1) & related areas of the Cerebral Cortex ( indirectly , via relays in the pontine nuclei ). They end on the dendrites of Granule cells in complex synaptic groupings called Glo ...
Ch02
... Transmitting Information Across the Gap • Synapse is the small space between neurons • Neurotransmitters are: – released by the presynaptic neuron from vesicles. – received by the postsynaptic neuron on receptor sites. – matched like a key to a lock into specific receptor sites. – used as triggers ...
... Transmitting Information Across the Gap • Synapse is the small space between neurons • Neurotransmitters are: – released by the presynaptic neuron from vesicles. – received by the postsynaptic neuron on receptor sites. – matched like a key to a lock into specific receptor sites. – used as triggers ...
Textures of Natural Images in the Human Brain. Focus on
... Texture patterns— homogeneous regions of repeated structures—are the predominant feature of natural visual scenes. The zebra, a 1938 optical art painting by Victor Vasarely, illustrates how different textures segregate and define figures from their background. Despite the ease with which we perceive ...
... Texture patterns— homogeneous regions of repeated structures—are the predominant feature of natural visual scenes. The zebra, a 1938 optical art painting by Victor Vasarely, illustrates how different textures segregate and define figures from their background. Despite the ease with which we perceive ...
PDF
... it has been proposed that there is a primordium-specific requirement for the fkh gene product in the developing gut of Drosophila. A number of fkh-containing genes have been identified from a variety of species including Saccha romyces cerevisiae (Li et al., 1992), Drosophila (Grossniklaus et al., 1 ...
... it has been proposed that there is a primordium-specific requirement for the fkh gene product in the developing gut of Drosophila. A number of fkh-containing genes have been identified from a variety of species including Saccha romyces cerevisiae (Li et al., 1992), Drosophila (Grossniklaus et al., 1 ...
PDF
... the cortical cells (Fig. 2). By day 24 the medullary cells have mostly reached a central position in the gland, although some groups of chromaffin cells are still seen to be scattered through the cortical tissue (Fig. 3). Between days 24 and 28 medullary cells have become consolidated in the gland's ...
... the cortical cells (Fig. 2). By day 24 the medullary cells have mostly reached a central position in the gland, although some groups of chromaffin cells are still seen to be scattered through the cortical tissue (Fig. 3). Between days 24 and 28 medullary cells have become consolidated in the gland's ...
Cautionary Observations on Preparing and Interpreting Brain
... In situ RNA Hybridization. The in situ RNA hybridization (ISH) technique visualizes cells that possess a particular messenger RNA. It is, thus, a powerful tool for directly detecting gene expression. Until recently, probes for hybridization were generated only after particular genes were cloned. The ...
... In situ RNA Hybridization. The in situ RNA hybridization (ISH) technique visualizes cells that possess a particular messenger RNA. It is, thus, a powerful tool for directly detecting gene expression. Until recently, probes for hybridization were generated only after particular genes were cloned. The ...
Expression and Functional Interaction of Hepatocyte Growth Factor
... During the development, HGF-SF signals were first detected in El2 mouse brain. At that time and throughout further development, HGF-SF mRNA was prominently expressed in the neuroepithelial layer of the telencephalic vesicle. Furthermore, expression was seen in the developing cortical plate, most pro ...
... During the development, HGF-SF signals were first detected in El2 mouse brain. At that time and throughout further development, HGF-SF mRNA was prominently expressed in the neuroepithelial layer of the telencephalic vesicle. Furthermore, expression was seen in the developing cortical plate, most pro ...