Non-Cell-Autonomous Effect of Human SOD1G37R
... markers such as Pax6, Nestin, Olig2, and Islet1 after 2–3 weeks of differentiation (Figures 1A–1D). After 4 weeks under differentiation conditions, the cells started to express panneuronal markers such as TuJ1, and after 6–8 weeks, the cells exhibited motor neuron postmitotic lineage-specific marker ...
... markers such as Pax6, Nestin, Olig2, and Islet1 after 2–3 weeks of differentiation (Figures 1A–1D). After 4 weeks under differentiation conditions, the cells started to express panneuronal markers such as TuJ1, and after 6–8 weeks, the cells exhibited motor neuron postmitotic lineage-specific marker ...
Dissecting differential gene expression within the circadian neuronal
... Behavioral circadian rhythms are controlled by a neuronal circuit consisting of diverse neuronal subgroups. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of neuronal subgroups within the Drosophila circadian circuit, we used cell-type specific gene-expression profiling and identified a ...
... Behavioral circadian rhythms are controlled by a neuronal circuit consisting of diverse neuronal subgroups. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of neuronal subgroups within the Drosophila circadian circuit, we used cell-type specific gene-expression profiling and identified a ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of imitation is not a problem at all. Indeed, the ideomotor framework assumes a common representational format for perception and action, an assumption that makes translational ...
... transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of imitation is not a problem at all. Indeed, the ideomotor framework assumes a common representational format for perception and action, an assumption that makes translational ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... was moved into the light path. Stimuli were applied from the zenith and, for unpolarized light flashes, also from lateral to the right and left eye (0° elevation, in a few experiments 30° elevation, duration of unpolarized light stimuli 1.5-3 s). The angular extent of the stimulus at the locust’s ey ...
... was moved into the light path. Stimuli were applied from the zenith and, for unpolarized light flashes, also from lateral to the right and left eye (0° elevation, in a few experiments 30° elevation, duration of unpolarized light stimuli 1.5-3 s). The angular extent of the stimulus at the locust’s ey ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... From the retina, the optic nerve runs into the central brain area and makes a first monosynaptic connection in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, a specialized area of the thalamus (see figure 11.1 and 11.2). ...
... From the retina, the optic nerve runs into the central brain area and makes a first monosynaptic connection in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, a specialized area of the thalamus (see figure 11.1 and 11.2). ...
rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces acetylcholinesterase
... promotion of synaptogenesis,16 we can hypothesize that ...
... promotion of synaptogenesis,16 we can hypothesize that ...
Engines of the brain
... forebrain (telencephalon), shared across all mammal species and growing to become far and away the dominant set of structures in human brain. In the figure, sensory input is received by posterior cortex (PC), via diencephalic (non-forebrain) thalamic nuclei (T), whereas motor outputs are produced vi ...
... forebrain (telencephalon), shared across all mammal species and growing to become far and away the dominant set of structures in human brain. In the figure, sensory input is received by posterior cortex (PC), via diencephalic (non-forebrain) thalamic nuclei (T), whereas motor outputs are produced vi ...
Comparative molecular neuroanatomy of mammalian neocortex
... expression patterns across areas and species. Are cortical layers and areas really homologous? If they are, to what extent and how are they similar or different? We are trying to answer these questions by identifying the homologous neuronal types common to various areas and species. Toward this goal ...
... expression patterns across areas and species. Are cortical layers and areas really homologous? If they are, to what extent and how are they similar or different? We are trying to answer these questions by identifying the homologous neuronal types common to various areas and species. Toward this goal ...
Early Embryogenesis, Week 3
... This is that same cross-section even a little bit later and we see that the creation of intraembryonic mesoderm has progressed so far that it has now insinuated itself everywhere between epiblast and the hypoblastic roof of the yolk sac. That is, everywhere except the region of the prochordal plate. ...
... This is that same cross-section even a little bit later and we see that the creation of intraembryonic mesoderm has progressed so far that it has now insinuated itself everywhere between epiblast and the hypoblastic roof of the yolk sac. That is, everywhere except the region of the prochordal plate. ...
Proprioception and Discriminatory Touch – Dorsal Column/Medial
... modality (e.g. recognition of shape by tactile discrimination or stereognosis). ...
... modality (e.g. recognition of shape by tactile discrimination or stereognosis). ...
The Nervous System
... 5. Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane 6. The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
... 5. Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane 6. The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
Neuroscience - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... Presynaptic Marker Neurons in central DAPI and peripheral nervous systems function to transmit electric signals from one location • Rat Hippocampal neurons 22 DIV to the other to keep the brain and the body functioning • Map2 (green) properly. One of the critical structures in the neuron to • Synapt ...
... Presynaptic Marker Neurons in central DAPI and peripheral nervous systems function to transmit electric signals from one location • Rat Hippocampal neurons 22 DIV to the other to keep the brain and the body functioning • Map2 (green) properly. One of the critical structures in the neuron to • Synapt ...
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... The following technical characteristics required by developmental learning make such work challenging: (1) Integrate both bottom-up and top-down attention; (2) Integrate attentionbased recognition and object-based spacial attention interactively; (3) Enable supervised and unsupervised learning in an ...
... The following technical characteristics required by developmental learning make such work challenging: (1) Integrate both bottom-up and top-down attention; (2) Integrate attentionbased recognition and object-based spacial attention interactively; (3) Enable supervised and unsupervised learning in an ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... Two Kinds of Synapses Chemical Synapses • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
... Two Kinds of Synapses Chemical Synapses • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
Synaptic pathways and inhibitory gates in the spinal cord dorsal horn
... promoter.22 However, what drives the activity of identified neurons with specific physiological roles in the dorsal horn has still not been well studied. We expect that genetic and/or neurochemical approaches to neuron identification will facilitate investigations of cell type-specific inhibitory co ...
... promoter.22 However, what drives the activity of identified neurons with specific physiological roles in the dorsal horn has still not been well studied. We expect that genetic and/or neurochemical approaches to neuron identification will facilitate investigations of cell type-specific inhibitory co ...
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... Sensory information travels through the nervous system as nerve impulses or action potentials. ...
... Sensory information travels through the nervous system as nerve impulses or action potentials. ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... This study, hopefully my first step on the journey of becoming an electrophysiologist, was carried out in the Neuropsychopharmacology research group in the Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, at the University of Helsinki. I would like to thank Professor Esa Korpi for the outstanding opportunity ...
... This study, hopefully my first step on the journey of becoming an electrophysiologist, was carried out in the Neuropsychopharmacology research group in the Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, at the University of Helsinki. I would like to thank Professor Esa Korpi for the outstanding opportunity ...
The Nervous System
... The Central Nervous System Spinal Cord Key Ideas • The sensory and motor nuclei (gray matter) of the spinal cord surround the central canal. • Sensory nuclei are dorsal, motor nuclei are ventral. A thick layer of white matter consisting of ascending and descending axons covers the gray matter. Thes ...
... The Central Nervous System Spinal Cord Key Ideas • The sensory and motor nuclei (gray matter) of the spinal cord surround the central canal. • Sensory nuclei are dorsal, motor nuclei are ventral. A thick layer of white matter consisting of ascending and descending axons covers the gray matter. Thes ...
Gene for Pain Modulatory Neuropeptide NPFF
... in sensory pain systems, autonomic regulation, and hypothalamic functions is in agreement with the known limited distribution of NPFF immunoreactive neurons in the medullary, hypothalamic, and spinal locations (reviewed by Panula et al., 1996). A specific binding site for NPFF in the central nervous ...
... in sensory pain systems, autonomic regulation, and hypothalamic functions is in agreement with the known limited distribution of NPFF immunoreactive neurons in the medullary, hypothalamic, and spinal locations (reviewed by Panula et al., 1996). A specific binding site for NPFF in the central nervous ...
phys chapter 56 [10-19
... to lesser extent from other somatic receptors throughout body (i.e., Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors) o Signals apprise cerebellum of momentary status of muscle contraction, degree of tension on muscle tendons, positions and rates of movement of parts of body, and forces acting on surface of bo ...
... to lesser extent from other somatic receptors throughout body (i.e., Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors) o Signals apprise cerebellum of momentary status of muscle contraction, degree of tension on muscle tendons, positions and rates of movement of parts of body, and forces acting on surface of bo ...
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... the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were scattered among the viable neurons, astrocytes, and microglia (Figure 2D). By LMS, these fragmented neurons were observed to have a faint form without nuclear staining, and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1 ...
... the nucleus (Figure 2C, inset). These fragmented dark neurons were scattered among the viable neurons, astrocytes, and microglia (Figure 2D). By LMS, these fragmented neurons were observed to have a faint form without nuclear staining, and they looked like ghost cells when stained with PAS (Figure 1 ...