Notochord
... Mesoderm: Third germ layer formed in gastrula between ectoderm and endoderm. The coelom forms in the mesoderm. Mesoderm gives rise to connective tissue, muscle, urogenital and vascular systems and peritoneum. ...
... Mesoderm: Third germ layer formed in gastrula between ectoderm and endoderm. The coelom forms in the mesoderm. Mesoderm gives rise to connective tissue, muscle, urogenital and vascular systems and peritoneum. ...
Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
The Central Nervous System
... Thalamus – egg shaped, dense gray matter, forms superolateral wall of 3rd ventricle. 12 major nuclei with axons that reach the cortex. Processes all incoming impulses from sensory pathways (except olfactory). “gateway to cerebral cortex” ...
... Thalamus – egg shaped, dense gray matter, forms superolateral wall of 3rd ventricle. 12 major nuclei with axons that reach the cortex. Processes all incoming impulses from sensory pathways (except olfactory). “gateway to cerebral cortex” ...
A new approach to neural cell culture for long
... It is common practice to discard neural cultures after recording from them once, because putting the dish on the microscope and introducing micropipets, objective lenses and electrodes in a nonsterile lab environment is likely to cause infection of the culture by ubiquitous mold spores, bacteria, or ...
... It is common practice to discard neural cultures after recording from them once, because putting the dish on the microscope and introducing micropipets, objective lenses and electrodes in a nonsterile lab environment is likely to cause infection of the culture by ubiquitous mold spores, bacteria, or ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... In the late 1800s and early 1900s, several lesion and stimulation studies identified the rostral hypothalamus as an important neural structure in the regulation of body temperature [1–10]. The compilation of years of lesion studies suggests that no single neural area acts as the center for thermoreg ...
... In the late 1800s and early 1900s, several lesion and stimulation studies identified the rostral hypothalamus as an important neural structure in the regulation of body temperature [1–10]. The compilation of years of lesion studies suggests that no single neural area acts as the center for thermoreg ...
Neurogenesis
... Support for Adult Neurogenesis o3H- Thymidine Autoradiography o Technique used to identify proliferating cells ...
... Support for Adult Neurogenesis o3H- Thymidine Autoradiography o Technique used to identify proliferating cells ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... eventual settling and differentiation (Caviness and Rakic, 1978; Hatten, 1993; Hatten and Heintz, 1995; Rakic and Caviness, 1995). These migration routes and settling points are defined by short-range and long-range cues from the surrounding environment, many of which later guide axonal growth cones ...
... eventual settling and differentiation (Caviness and Rakic, 1978; Hatten, 1993; Hatten and Heintz, 1995; Rakic and Caviness, 1995). These migration routes and settling points are defined by short-range and long-range cues from the surrounding environment, many of which later guide axonal growth cones ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... Numerous evidence demonstrates that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are integral functional elements of the synapses, responding to neuronal activity and regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Consequently, they are actively involved in the processing, transfer and storage of information ...
... Numerous evidence demonstrates that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are integral functional elements of the synapses, responding to neuronal activity and regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Consequently, they are actively involved in the processing, transfer and storage of information ...
A Vertebral Subluxation Hypothesis Tree
... Another Vertebral Subluxation Hypothesis Complex organisms depend on the bidirectional flow of information between the central nerve system and the peripheral cells in order to adapt to a changing environment in a coordinated manner. ...
... Another Vertebral Subluxation Hypothesis Complex organisms depend on the bidirectional flow of information between the central nerve system and the peripheral cells in order to adapt to a changing environment in a coordinated manner. ...
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... body via the dorsal posterior (DP) nerve in Haementaria ghilianii (Kramer & Kuwada, 1983). The primary peripheral axon of the PD is one of the earliest peripheral axons to develop (Kuwada & Kramer, 1983). Initially (stage 9(2/4)) the PD neuron projects up to five peripherally directed growth cones w ...
... body via the dorsal posterior (DP) nerve in Haementaria ghilianii (Kramer & Kuwada, 1983). The primary peripheral axon of the PD is one of the earliest peripheral axons to develop (Kuwada & Kramer, 1983). Initially (stage 9(2/4)) the PD neuron projects up to five peripherally directed growth cones w ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... the Nervous System (1906). Nonetheless, with one exception of emphasis, neuron theory a la Freud is very similar to neuron theory as we know it today. That exception stems from Freud's attempt to relate his first postulate to the facts of neuron theory. The electrical recording of neural potential c ...
... the Nervous System (1906). Nonetheless, with one exception of emphasis, neuron theory a la Freud is very similar to neuron theory as we know it today. That exception stems from Freud's attempt to relate his first postulate to the facts of neuron theory. The electrical recording of neural potential c ...
here - University of California San Diego
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
Target innervation and LGN/colliculus development
... of visual cortex forming ocular dominance columns). However, althought GC axons projecting to the LGN invade the correct target region, they initally extend a little beyond and then pull back. It turns out that the axons actually make two kinds of wrong projections. Prenatal axons branch in the wron ...
... of visual cortex forming ocular dominance columns). However, althought GC axons projecting to the LGN invade the correct target region, they initally extend a little beyond and then pull back. It turns out that the axons actually make two kinds of wrong projections. Prenatal axons branch in the wron ...
Foundations for a Circuit Complexity Theory of Sensory
... engineering (see (Mead, 1989)). However classical circuit complexity theory has provided little insight into these questions, both because its focus lies on a different set of computational problems, and because its traditional complexity measures are not tailored to those resources that are of prim ...
... engineering (see (Mead, 1989)). However classical circuit complexity theory has provided little insight into these questions, both because its focus lies on a different set of computational problems, and because its traditional complexity measures are not tailored to those resources that are of prim ...
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... also the morphogenetic processes by which these cells become organized spatially. Glossiphoniid leeches, such as Theromyzon rude, are well-suited for studying the role of cell lineage and cell-cell interactions in development because their embryos are large (~800 µm for T. rude) and hardy; in additi ...
... also the morphogenetic processes by which these cells become organized spatially. Glossiphoniid leeches, such as Theromyzon rude, are well-suited for studying the role of cell lineage and cell-cell interactions in development because their embryos are large (~800 µm for T. rude) and hardy; in additi ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of imitation is not a problem at all. Indeed, the ideomotor framework assumes a common representational format for perception and action, an assumption that makes translational ...
... transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of imitation is not a problem at all. Indeed, the ideomotor framework assumes a common representational format for perception and action, an assumption that makes translational ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... and special innate forms of behavior such as migrate, hibernate, gnaw, and hoard, depending on the species Some may challenge this particular list, but the point is that there are not more than about 25 such modes. An animal is said to be in a mode if the main focus of attention throughout it centra ...
... and special innate forms of behavior such as migrate, hibernate, gnaw, and hoard, depending on the species Some may challenge this particular list, but the point is that there are not more than about 25 such modes. An animal is said to be in a mode if the main focus of attention throughout it centra ...
Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Ivanovas, Kisslegg, Germany) weighing 250 –300 g were maintained in cages at 24 ⫾ 2°C. They were fed a standard rat diet (no. C-1000, Altromin, Lage, Germany) containing 0.2% sodium by weight and were allowed free access to tap water. All procedures performed in animals wer ...
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Ivanovas, Kisslegg, Germany) weighing 250 –300 g were maintained in cages at 24 ⫾ 2°C. They were fed a standard rat diet (no. C-1000, Altromin, Lage, Germany) containing 0.2% sodium by weight and were allowed free access to tap water. All procedures performed in animals wer ...
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... mechanisms, Hebbian learning and lateral inhibition, but we further its optimality. The inter-layer developmental mechanisms specify how information between layers are passed and used, which enables both unsupervised and supervised learning to occur in the same network. Of course there are many othe ...
... mechanisms, Hebbian learning and lateral inhibition, but we further its optimality. The inter-layer developmental mechanisms specify how information between layers are passed and used, which enables both unsupervised and supervised learning to occur in the same network. Of course there are many othe ...
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... during development provides a test between these alternative hypotheses. If blastomeres are predetermined, then random intermixing of the descendants with neighbouring cells could not alter their fate. To follow cell mixing during Xenopus development, fluorescent dextran lineage tracers were microin ...
... during development provides a test between these alternative hypotheses. If blastomeres are predetermined, then random intermixing of the descendants with neighbouring cells could not alter their fate. To follow cell mixing during Xenopus development, fluorescent dextran lineage tracers were microin ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... & Piven 1995; Le Couteur et al. 1996), or is not identified as autistic (Kates et al. 1998). Interestingly, the ‘less autistic’ or non-autistic twin has milder impairments in language abilities and social behaviors, and less marked physical differences in the brain regions that support them. In para ...
... & Piven 1995; Le Couteur et al. 1996), or is not identified as autistic (Kates et al. 1998). Interestingly, the ‘less autistic’ or non-autistic twin has milder impairments in language abilities and social behaviors, and less marked physical differences in the brain regions that support them. In para ...