Cell Membrane notes Kelly
... ATP is hydrolyzed and phosphate group transferred to protein when the pump is phosphorylated, its configuration changes and it opens up the Na+ to the outside of the cell The Na+ are released (the altered configuration does not favor the binding of Na+) Two K+'s from the outside now bind to the alte ...
... ATP is hydrolyzed and phosphate group transferred to protein when the pump is phosphorylated, its configuration changes and it opens up the Na+ to the outside of the cell The Na+ are released (the altered configuration does not favor the binding of Na+) Two K+'s from the outside now bind to the alte ...
Ch 7 Membrane Structure and Fxn. Kelly
... ATP is hydrolyzed and phosphate group transferred to protein when the pump is phosphorylated, its configuration changes and it opens up the Na+ to the outside of the cell The Na+ are released (the altered configuration does not favor the binding of Na+) Two K+'s from the outside now bind to the alte ...
... ATP is hydrolyzed and phosphate group transferred to protein when the pump is phosphorylated, its configuration changes and it opens up the Na+ to the outside of the cell The Na+ are released (the altered configuration does not favor the binding of Na+) Two K+'s from the outside now bind to the alte ...
Name
... __D___ 1. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates c. keeps the cell wall in place d. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell ___D__ 2. The cell mem ...
... __D___ 1. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates c. keeps the cell wall in place d. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell ___D__ 2. The cell mem ...
introduction
... potential, the excitability of the neuron to other stimuli is increased. This potential is called excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). • The excitatory transmitter opens Na or Ca channels in the postsynaptic membrane. • Stimulation of some inputs produces hyperpolarizing responses and excitabil ...
... potential, the excitability of the neuron to other stimuli is increased. This potential is called excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). • The excitatory transmitter opens Na or Ca channels in the postsynaptic membrane. • Stimulation of some inputs produces hyperpolarizing responses and excitabil ...
Chapter 10
... guided to its original connection. Therefore, regeneration in the CNS is very unlikely. An injury to the cell body of a neuron usually causes death to the entire fiber, and no regeneration will occur. 11. Explain how a membrane may become polarized. A cell, in its normal state, has a negatively char ...
... guided to its original connection. Therefore, regeneration in the CNS is very unlikely. An injury to the cell body of a neuron usually causes death to the entire fiber, and no regeneration will occur. 11. Explain how a membrane may become polarized. A cell, in its normal state, has a negatively char ...
Chapter 10
... Therefore, regeneration in the CNS is very unlikely. An injury to the cell body of a neuron usually causes death to the entire fiber, and no regeneration will occur. 11. Explain how a membrane may become polarized. A cell, in its normal state, has a negatively charged interior with respect to the ex ...
... Therefore, regeneration in the CNS is very unlikely. An injury to the cell body of a neuron usually causes death to the entire fiber, and no regeneration will occur. 11. Explain how a membrane may become polarized. A cell, in its normal state, has a negatively charged interior with respect to the ex ...
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
... The ways in which cells communicate with each other are highly complex and are included in an area of scientific discovery that is rapidly growing; however, they essentially boil down to two basic signal types: electrical signals (changing the MP), or chemical signals that bind to targets on cells. ...
... The ways in which cells communicate with each other are highly complex and are included in an area of scientific discovery that is rapidly growing; however, they essentially boil down to two basic signal types: electrical signals (changing the MP), or chemical signals that bind to targets on cells. ...
Membranes regulate the traffic of ions and molecules into and out of
... molecules are too large to "squeeze through" the spaces between phospholipid molecules of the bilayer, the reason for this impermeability of a membrane to most molecules and ions is the hydrophobic character of the membrane. In moving from one side to the other, the molecule or ion would have to pas ...
... molecules are too large to "squeeze through" the spaces between phospholipid molecules of the bilayer, the reason for this impermeability of a membrane to most molecules and ions is the hydrophobic character of the membrane. In moving from one side to the other, the molecule or ion would have to pas ...
Cell Functions
... 3 ways a Cell Membrane Works 1. Cellular Identity: Proteins give cell its identity. 2. Electrical Charge: given electrical charge, proteins in membrane will open or close. ...
... 3 ways a Cell Membrane Works 1. Cellular Identity: Proteins give cell its identity. 2. Electrical Charge: given electrical charge, proteins in membrane will open or close. ...
2.2 Cell Membrane and Transports
... a) Transport: certain substances are unable to diffuse through the membrane, therefore they must pass through hydrophilic protein channels. b) Enzymatic Signals: proteins associated with respiration and photosynthesis, are enzymes. c) Triggering Signals: Membrane proteins can bind to hormone signals ...
... a) Transport: certain substances are unable to diffuse through the membrane, therefore they must pass through hydrophilic protein channels. b) Enzymatic Signals: proteins associated with respiration and photosynthesis, are enzymes. c) Triggering Signals: Membrane proteins can bind to hormone signals ...
The vertebrate nervous system is regionally specialized
... threshold, many voltage-gated Na+ channels open, triggering an influx of Na+ that rapidly brings the membrane potential to a positive value. The membrane potential is restored to its normal resting value by the inactivation of Na+ channels and by the opening of many voltage-gated K+ channels, which ...
... threshold, many voltage-gated Na+ channels open, triggering an influx of Na+ that rapidly brings the membrane potential to a positive value. The membrane potential is restored to its normal resting value by the inactivation of Na+ channels and by the opening of many voltage-gated K+ channels, which ...
Document
... due to Na+ and K+ ions o Greater concentration of sodium ions outside and potassium ions inside. o Potassium ions pass through more easily o Active transport (sodium/potassium pump) maintains balance ...
... due to Na+ and K+ ions o Greater concentration of sodium ions outside and potassium ions inside. o Potassium ions pass through more easily o Active transport (sodium/potassium pump) maintains balance ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.