PPT #2 Membrane Diffusion Water
... concentration gradient, independent of concentration gradients of other ...
... concentration gradient, independent of concentration gradients of other ...
ION BINDING TO BIO
... anions, which we focus on here, the following order was found: F->CH3COO->Cl>NO3->Br->I->SCN-. The effect of cations are generally less pronounced. The situation is, however, more complicated in that the Hofmeister ordering is in fact dependent on the solution pH and the protein iso-electric point, ...
... anions, which we focus on here, the following order was found: F->CH3COO->Cl>NO3->Br->I->SCN-. The effect of cations are generally less pronounced. The situation is, however, more complicated in that the Hofmeister ordering is in fact dependent on the solution pH and the protein iso-electric point, ...
File
... the potential difference – called depolarization • When the potential difference is above zero, The Na+ is only driven by diffusion forces (high to low conc. grad.) • The inside of the axon is now more positive than the outside and the Na+ move into a more positively charged area ...
... the potential difference – called depolarization • When the potential difference is above zero, The Na+ is only driven by diffusion forces (high to low conc. grad.) • The inside of the axon is now more positive than the outside and the Na+ move into a more positively charged area ...
UNIT: Basic Designs in Automation 6basic.wpd Instrumentation IV
... When a metal is in contact with a solution of its ions, there is a tendency for the metal atoms to give up electrons and to enter the solution. There is also a tendency for the metal ions in solution to take up electrons and deposit as atoms on the metal surface. Charges build up near the interface ...
... When a metal is in contact with a solution of its ions, there is a tendency for the metal atoms to give up electrons and to enter the solution. There is also a tendency for the metal ions in solution to take up electrons and deposit as atoms on the metal surface. Charges build up near the interface ...
Ch. 48 Lecture 48_Nervous_System
... Neurons are built and organized for information transfer • Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons • Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the brain or ga ...
... Neurons are built and organized for information transfer • Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons • Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information • Motor output leaves the brain or ga ...
Unit 3.3: Cell Transport and Homeostasis
... • Passive transport requires no energy. It occurs when substances move from areas of higher to lower concentration. Types of passive transport include simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. • Active transport requires energy from the cell. It occurs when substances move from areas of ...
... • Passive transport requires no energy. It occurs when substances move from areas of higher to lower concentration. Types of passive transport include simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. • Active transport requires energy from the cell. It occurs when substances move from areas of ...
R 3.4
... passive transport, is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This difference in concentration from one area to another is called a concentration gradient. When a molecule diffuses, it can be described as moving down its concentration gradien ...
... passive transport, is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This difference in concentration from one area to another is called a concentration gradient. When a molecule diffuses, it can be described as moving down its concentration gradien ...
Self Assessment Chapter 11 part 2 - CM
... • Relative refractory period – follows immediately after absolute refractory period; only a strong stimulus can produce an action potential • Voltage-gated sodium channels have gone back to resting state and are able to open again • Potassium channels are activated and membrane is repolarizing or hy ...
... • Relative refractory period – follows immediately after absolute refractory period; only a strong stimulus can produce an action potential • Voltage-gated sodium channels have gone back to resting state and are able to open again • Potassium channels are activated and membrane is repolarizing or hy ...
Cell Membrane
... We have discussed how the lipid bilayer acts as an efficient barrier by only allowing a very small number of non-polar molecules to freely enter or exit a cell. While for the most part this selectivity is a valuable function and allows the cell to maintain its integrity, cells ...
... We have discussed how the lipid bilayer acts as an efficient barrier by only allowing a very small number of non-polar molecules to freely enter or exit a cell. While for the most part this selectivity is a valuable function and allows the cell to maintain its integrity, cells ...
action potential — epilepsy
... many cortical neurons are excited simultaneously. What originally causes epilepsy is unknown. It is known that epilepsy can be related to damage to the CNS before, during, or just after birth; to head injuries that can occur at any age; to some poisons (including lead and alcohol); diseases (such as ...
... many cortical neurons are excited simultaneously. What originally causes epilepsy is unknown. It is known that epilepsy can be related to damage to the CNS before, during, or just after birth; to head injuries that can occur at any age; to some poisons (including lead and alcohol); diseases (such as ...
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY Measuring Action potential
... One goal of the lab sessions is to teach you a common way in which these potentials are observed and measured – using an oscilloscope. Time The voltages we are recording are not constant (that would not be very interesting!). Indeed, they can change very rapidly. We often refer to the voltage measur ...
... One goal of the lab sessions is to teach you a common way in which these potentials are observed and measured – using an oscilloscope. Time The voltages we are recording are not constant (that would not be very interesting!). Indeed, they can change very rapidly. We often refer to the voltage measur ...
Chapter 11 Outline - CM
... Myelin Sheath – composed of repeating layers of plasma membrane of Schwann cell or oligodendrocyte in PNS and CNS respectively (Figures 11.8, 11.9): Myelination – process that forms myelin sheath from plasma membranes of neuroglial cells; wrap themselves around axon forming multiple layers of memb ...
... Myelin Sheath – composed of repeating layers of plasma membrane of Schwann cell or oligodendrocyte in PNS and CNS respectively (Figures 11.8, 11.9): Myelination – process that forms myelin sheath from plasma membranes of neuroglial cells; wrap themselves around axon forming multiple layers of memb ...
BIO201 Crimando Vocab 6 BIO201 Nervous System I Vocabulary
... Value of the resting membrane potential on a “resting” neuron: ____________________ Cation more concentrated in extracellular fluid (ECF): ____________________ Cation more concentrated in intracellular fluid (ICF): ____________________ Ion channel that opens in response to chemical binding: _______ ...
... Value of the resting membrane potential on a “resting” neuron: ____________________ Cation more concentrated in extracellular fluid (ECF): ____________________ Cation more concentrated in intracellular fluid (ICF): ____________________ Ion channel that opens in response to chemical binding: _______ ...
The Nervous System - Dr Rob's A
... • When a neurone is stimulated there is a rapid change in membrane permeability to Na+ • Specific Na+ channels (sodium gates) open allowing movement to rapidly diffuse down their conc. gradient • This means the potential across the membrane is briefly reversed • Cell becomes +ve on inside (compared ...
... • When a neurone is stimulated there is a rapid change in membrane permeability to Na+ • Specific Na+ channels (sodium gates) open allowing movement to rapidly diffuse down their conc. gradient • This means the potential across the membrane is briefly reversed • Cell becomes +ve on inside (compared ...
Cell Transport - cloudfront.net
... There is water found on both the inside and the outside of cells. Since hydrophilic means water-loving, and they want to be near water, the heads face the inside and outside of the cell where water is found. The water-fearing, hydrophobic tails face each other in the middle of the cell membrane, bec ...
... There is water found on both the inside and the outside of cells. Since hydrophilic means water-loving, and they want to be near water, the heads face the inside and outside of the cell where water is found. The water-fearing, hydrophobic tails face each other in the middle of the cell membrane, bec ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.