Chapt 6 Study Guide (Word)
... such as O2 and CO2 easily follow their respective concentration differences (gradients) in to and out of the cell. This simple mode of transport also applies to most triglycerides, steroids, and other fat-soluble (nonpolar) molecules that can diffuse across cell membranes based on the fact that they ...
... such as O2 and CO2 easily follow their respective concentration differences (gradients) in to and out of the cell. This simple mode of transport also applies to most triglycerides, steroids, and other fat-soluble (nonpolar) molecules that can diffuse across cell membranes based on the fact that they ...
Nervous System - Downey Unified School District
... • ACETYLCHOLINE STIMULATES SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS • MONOAMINES (MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS) • UNMODIFIED ARE SHORT CHAINED AMINO ACIDS ...
... • ACETYLCHOLINE STIMULATES SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS • MONOAMINES (MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS) • UNMODIFIED ARE SHORT CHAINED AMINO ACIDS ...
d`Avanzo, N. and McCusker, Emily C. and Powl, Andrew M. and
... Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. The lipid bilayer is important for maintaining the integrity of cellular compartments and plays a vital role in maintaining the hydrophobic/charged interactions necessary for structure, conformational flexibility and function. Despite the ...
... Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. The lipid bilayer is important for maintaining the integrity of cellular compartments and plays a vital role in maintaining the hydrophobic/charged interactions necessary for structure, conformational flexibility and function. Despite the ...
Module 9: Neuron & Action Potential PowerPoint
... • At rest, the inside of the cell is at -70 microvolts • With inputs to dendrites inside becomes more positive • If resting potential rises above threshold, an action potential starts to travel from cell body down the axon • Figure shows resting axon being approached by an AP ...
... • At rest, the inside of the cell is at -70 microvolts • With inputs to dendrites inside becomes more positive • If resting potential rises above threshold, an action potential starts to travel from cell body down the axon • Figure shows resting axon being approached by an AP ...
Nervous System
... A Close-up of the trigger zone of a neuron. One sodium–potassium pump and some of the voltage-gated ion channels are shown. At this point, the membrane is at rest and the voltage-gated channels are closed. The cytoplasm’s charge is negative relative to ...
... A Close-up of the trigger zone of a neuron. One sodium–potassium pump and some of the voltage-gated ion channels are shown. At this point, the membrane is at rest and the voltage-gated channels are closed. The cytoplasm’s charge is negative relative to ...
Cell Membrane and Transport
... To describe how molecules can move down a concentration gradient Journal: ...
... To describe how molecules can move down a concentration gradient Journal: ...
Al + Ag+ Al3+ + Ag
... A concentration cell is a special electrochemical cell where the two electrodes are identical; only the concentration of the two solutions is different. The Nernst equation is your tool. Using this equation you can see that if the two half-cells are identical, the standard cell potential is 0.00 V. ...
... A concentration cell is a special electrochemical cell where the two electrodes are identical; only the concentration of the two solutions is different. The Nernst equation is your tool. Using this equation you can see that if the two half-cells are identical, the standard cell potential is 0.00 V. ...
![[j26]Chapter 7#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009746692_1-cea296eaa3596328a1d6ed73629d44e9-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 7#
... cells, such as another neuron, a muscle fiber (chapters 12, 13), or a gland cell (chapters 11, 20), will then respond. The action of specific neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine (ACh), is also described in this chapter. Others, such as the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinep ...
... cells, such as another neuron, a muscle fiber (chapters 12, 13), or a gland cell (chapters 11, 20), will then respond. The action of specific neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine (ACh), is also described in this chapter. Others, such as the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinep ...
sg 5
... Describe how living cells with and without walls regulate water balance. Explain how transport proteins are similar to enzymes. Describe one model for facilitated diffusion. Explain how active transport differs from diffusion. Explain the function of the Na-K pump as an example of active t ...
... Describe how living cells with and without walls regulate water balance. Explain how transport proteins are similar to enzymes. Describe one model for facilitated diffusion. Explain how active transport differs from diffusion. Explain the function of the Na-K pump as an example of active t ...
Kidney Function final
... • The dialysis solution is continually replenished to maintain the concentration gradient for the removal of unwanted solutes. The dialysis solution has levels of minerals like sodium and chloride that are similar to their natural concentration in healthy blood. For another solute, bicarbonate, dia ...
... • The dialysis solution is continually replenished to maintain the concentration gradient for the removal of unwanted solutes. The dialysis solution has levels of minerals like sodium and chloride that are similar to their natural concentration in healthy blood. For another solute, bicarbonate, dia ...
Composition of the Nervous System
... -Allows excitability and propagation of a current -Na+/K+ pumps maintain resting potential (negative inside cell) -Ca2+ pumps keep Ca2+ concentration very low inside cell – Ca2+ is important in initiating an action potential when a ligand/ neurotransmitter binds -The transport of the ions is driven ...
... -Allows excitability and propagation of a current -Na+/K+ pumps maintain resting potential (negative inside cell) -Ca2+ pumps keep Ca2+ concentration very low inside cell – Ca2+ is important in initiating an action potential when a ligand/ neurotransmitter binds -The transport of the ions is driven ...
neuron
... • Stimulation from inputs to dendrites causes the cell membrane to open briefly • Positively charged sodium ions flow in through the cell membrane • If resting potential rises above threshold, an action potential starts to travel from the cell body down the axon – Threshold - Each neuron receives ex ...
... • Stimulation from inputs to dendrites causes the cell membrane to open briefly • Positively charged sodium ions flow in through the cell membrane • If resting potential rises above threshold, an action potential starts to travel from the cell body down the axon – Threshold - Each neuron receives ex ...
Electric Potential Energy
... the cavity, the electric field inside the cavity must be zero, regardless of the charge distribution on the outside surface of the conductor. Furthermore, the field in the cavity is zero even if an electric field exists outside the conductor. To prove this, we can think of at least 2 points inside t ...
... the cavity, the electric field inside the cavity must be zero, regardless of the charge distribution on the outside surface of the conductor. Furthermore, the field in the cavity is zero even if an electric field exists outside the conductor. To prove this, we can think of at least 2 points inside t ...
No Slide Title
... reflex may not be produced, however if several small pinches are rapidly applied they trigger a reflex. This is called temporal summation. ...
... reflex may not be produced, however if several small pinches are rapidly applied they trigger a reflex. This is called temporal summation. ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.