Lesson Plan
... Rationale: This lesson introduces the action potential, the process by which axons signal electrically. Since the concepts involved in explaining the action potential can be quite abstract, this lesson uses analogies and a model to demonstrate the concepts. This is one of two lessons that introduces ...
... Rationale: This lesson introduces the action potential, the process by which axons signal electrically. Since the concepts involved in explaining the action potential can be quite abstract, this lesson uses analogies and a model to demonstrate the concepts. This is one of two lessons that introduces ...
Document
... The Gate Theory of Pain The gate theory of pain relates to pain modulation. When you stub your toe, you automatically begin to rub it, and it then soon feels better. This happens because of the brain becomes confused with the signals it receives from the mechanoreceptors in the injured area. When yo ...
... The Gate Theory of Pain The gate theory of pain relates to pain modulation. When you stub your toe, you automatically begin to rub it, and it then soon feels better. This happens because of the brain becomes confused with the signals it receives from the mechanoreceptors in the injured area. When yo ...
Lecture 18, Mar 5
... Phospholipids and transmembrane proteins constitute the core structure of biological membranes. The core of typical biological membranes contains approximately 70% lipid and 30% transmembrane protein. Because biological membranes are fluid at normal temperatures and have a pattern of transmembrane p ...
... Phospholipids and transmembrane proteins constitute the core structure of biological membranes. The core of typical biological membranes contains approximately 70% lipid and 30% transmembrane protein. Because biological membranes are fluid at normal temperatures and have a pattern of transmembrane p ...
Molecular Transport across Membranes Investigation
... (ions) cannot. Sometimes a cell needs to transport molecules that are too big or have too much charge to diffuse through the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell membrane allow certain ions and molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane. This is called facilitated diffusion. Somet ...
... (ions) cannot. Sometimes a cell needs to transport molecules that are too big or have too much charge to diffuse through the cell membrane. Special proteins embedded in the cell membrane allow certain ions and molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane. This is called facilitated diffusion. Somet ...
Slide 1
... similar magnitude of energy difference driving their diffusion across a pure lipid bilayer. If ranked in order from fastest to slowest, which of the following items would likely be second in terms of how much of it crosses the bilayer in a given time? a) molecular oxygen b) sucrose c) insulin d) glu ...
... similar magnitude of energy difference driving their diffusion across a pure lipid bilayer. If ranked in order from fastest to slowest, which of the following items would likely be second in terms of how much of it crosses the bilayer in a given time? a) molecular oxygen b) sucrose c) insulin d) glu ...
BIOL 273 Midterm #1 Notes
... equation, because it has an effect on how much a single ion will contribute to the resting membrane potential ...
... equation, because it has an effect on how much a single ion will contribute to the resting membrane potential ...
E4 - Neurotransmitters and Synapses - IBDPBiology-Dnl
... E.g. this Neuron needs a 2 more “+” than “-” before it can generate an action potential. ...
... E.g. this Neuron needs a 2 more “+” than “-” before it can generate an action potential. ...
implementation of medicinal leech preparation to investigate the
... Before discussing how a nerve produces a stimulating signal known as an action potential and the scope of electrophysiology, there must be an understanding of the makeup of a cellular membrane, and the environment in and around a cell. Cells have to maintain an osmotic and ionic balance to sustain h ...
... Before discussing how a nerve produces a stimulating signal known as an action potential and the scope of electrophysiology, there must be an understanding of the makeup of a cellular membrane, and the environment in and around a cell. Cells have to maintain an osmotic and ionic balance to sustain h ...
r - Personal.psu.edu
... opposite direction to electric field Positive charge moves in the same direction as an electric field ...
... opposite direction to electric field Positive charge moves in the same direction as an electric field ...
A presentation of Dr. Gilbert Ling`s Association
... Sodium ions being unable to compete successfully against the smaller hydrated potassium ion for these charged carboxyl (COOH-) groups, or adsorption sites, while the cell is in the cooperative RESTING living state, remain largely in the extracellular water and therefore the sodium ion exists at a m ...
... Sodium ions being unable to compete successfully against the smaller hydrated potassium ion for these charged carboxyl (COOH-) groups, or adsorption sites, while the cell is in the cooperative RESTING living state, remain largely in the extracellular water and therefore the sodium ion exists at a m ...
Gilbert Ling Lecture 21
... Sodium ions being unable to compete successfully against the smaller hydrated potassium ion for these charged carboxyl (COOH-) groups, or adsorption sites, while the cell is in the cooperative RESTING living state, remain largely in the extracellular water and therefore the sodium ion exists at a m ...
... Sodium ions being unable to compete successfully against the smaller hydrated potassium ion for these charged carboxyl (COOH-) groups, or adsorption sites, while the cell is in the cooperative RESTING living state, remain largely in the extracellular water and therefore the sodium ion exists at a m ...
Chapter 14
... Ion channels are well studied in nerve and muscle cells, where their opening and closing is responsible for transmission of electric signals. Transport through ion channels is extremely rapid: more than a million ions per second. ...
... Ion channels are well studied in nerve and muscle cells, where their opening and closing is responsible for transmission of electric signals. Transport through ion channels is extremely rapid: more than a million ions per second. ...
Nervous System Histology Membrane and Action Potential
... If a membrane has a resting potential of 90mv it is said to be _________. a. depolarized b. polarized c. hyperpolarized d. unresponsive BACK TO GAME ...
... If a membrane has a resting potential of 90mv it is said to be _________. a. depolarized b. polarized c. hyperpolarized d. unresponsive BACK TO GAME ...
Mathematical models of ion transport through cell membrane channels
... parts interact with two-lipid layers and polar hydrophilic parts form: a) relatively wide non-selective hydrated pores which penetrate membranes, b) specific ion channels, often endowed with special structural elements which form gates sensitive to an electric field, chemical ligands, or to the mech ...
... parts interact with two-lipid layers and polar hydrophilic parts form: a) relatively wide non-selective hydrated pores which penetrate membranes, b) specific ion channels, often endowed with special structural elements which form gates sensitive to an electric field, chemical ligands, or to the mech ...
Communication - Mrs Jones A
... Any muscle which contracts and causes extension of a joint is called an extensor The corresponding flexor muscle contracts to reverse the movement NB – these are also the ‘general’ terms for the muscles found in the forearm. ...
... Any muscle which contracts and causes extension of a joint is called an extensor The corresponding flexor muscle contracts to reverse the movement NB – these are also the ‘general’ terms for the muscles found in the forearm. ...
PowerLecture: Chapter 13
... Describe the visible structure of neurons, neuroglia, nerves, and ganglia, both separately and together as a system. Describe the distribution of the invisible array of proteins, ions, and other molecules in a neuron, both at rest and as a neuron experiences a change in potential. Understand how a n ...
... Describe the visible structure of neurons, neuroglia, nerves, and ganglia, both separately and together as a system. Describe the distribution of the invisible array of proteins, ions, and other molecules in a neuron, both at rest and as a neuron experiences a change in potential. Understand how a n ...
Batteries - Physics 205
... Lithium photo battery - Lithium, lithium-iodide and lead-iodide are used in cameras because of their ability to supply power surges. Lead-acid battery - Used in automobiles, the electrodes are made of lead and lead-oxide with a strong acidic electrolyte (rechargeable). Nickel-cadmium battery - The e ...
... Lithium photo battery - Lithium, lithium-iodide and lead-iodide are used in cameras because of their ability to supply power surges. Lead-acid battery - Used in automobiles, the electrodes are made of lead and lead-oxide with a strong acidic electrolyte (rechargeable). Nickel-cadmium battery - The e ...
Potassium balance
... secretion High Na+ diet: more Na+ will be delivered to principle cells ,more Na+ is available for Na+- K+ ATPase than more K+ is pumped into the cell which increases the driving force for K+ secretion ...
... secretion High Na+ diet: more Na+ will be delivered to principle cells ,more Na+ is available for Na+- K+ ATPase than more K+ is pumped into the cell which increases the driving force for K+ secretion ...
Cell Biology Cell Structure Key Question: How does the process of
... Objective: The activity is to model the process of diffusion using a sandwich bag of cornstarch solution (a cell) and the iodine bath (fluids around the cell). Note: The bag is made of a thin semipermeable plastic. Question: How does a plastic bag filled with cornstarch solution behave like a cell i ...
... Objective: The activity is to model the process of diffusion using a sandwich bag of cornstarch solution (a cell) and the iodine bath (fluids around the cell). Note: The bag is made of a thin semipermeable plastic. Question: How does a plastic bag filled with cornstarch solution behave like a cell i ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.