experiment 3
... where i = current, E = voltage, and R = resistance. The unit of conductance is Siemens. The conductance of a solution is measured by dipping a cell containing two platinum electrodes into the solution. The electrodes are connected to one arm of a Wheatstone bridge and an alternating voltage is appli ...
... where i = current, E = voltage, and R = resistance. The unit of conductance is Siemens. The conductance of a solution is measured by dipping a cell containing two platinum electrodes into the solution. The electrodes are connected to one arm of a Wheatstone bridge and an alternating voltage is appli ...
Xian`s Southern Blot Protocol Using Digoxigenin Labeled Probe
... • incubate 30min at room temperature in Blocking Solution, rocking optional • incubate 30min at room temperature with 30ml Blocking Solution + 2µl anti-DIG-AP Conjugate (premix before adding to blot), rocking optional • wash 2X 15min at room temperature with 100ml Washing Buffer on rocker • equilibr ...
... • incubate 30min at room temperature in Blocking Solution, rocking optional • incubate 30min at room temperature with 30ml Blocking Solution + 2µl anti-DIG-AP Conjugate (premix before adding to blot), rocking optional • wash 2X 15min at room temperature with 100ml Washing Buffer on rocker • equilibr ...
Xian`s Southern Blot Protocol Using Digoxigenin Labeled Probe
... • wash 2X 15min at room temperature with 2X SSC, 0.1% SDS on rocker • wash 2X 15min at 42°C with 0.5X SSC, 0.1% SDS on rocker (washes can be modified to control stringency – this is fairly stringent) • rinse in Washing Buffer • incubate 30min at room temperature in Blocking Solution, rocking optiona ...
... • wash 2X 15min at room temperature with 2X SSC, 0.1% SDS on rocker • wash 2X 15min at 42°C with 0.5X SSC, 0.1% SDS on rocker (washes can be modified to control stringency – this is fairly stringent) • rinse in Washing Buffer • incubate 30min at room temperature in Blocking Solution, rocking optiona ...
lysosomes, transport vesicles, plasma membrane
... Which of the following is not an argument for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. ...
... Which of the following is not an argument for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. ...
groupfeb08 - University of Pennsylvania
... Binding of carriers increases about 4 fold upon infusion of heparinase. Glycocalyx may shield beads from binding to ICAMs ...
... Binding of carriers increases about 4 fold upon infusion of heparinase. Glycocalyx may shield beads from binding to ICAMs ...
of the smooth muscles
... and by the fact that it shows continuous, irregular contractions that are independent of its nerve supply. This maintained state of partial contraction is called tonus or tone. There is no true "resting" value for the membrane potential, but it averages about -50 mV, when the muscle active it become ...
... and by the fact that it shows continuous, irregular contractions that are independent of its nerve supply. This maintained state of partial contraction is called tonus or tone. There is no true "resting" value for the membrane potential, but it averages about -50 mV, when the muscle active it become ...
Ch 48 Nervous System
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Red-ox reactions Electochemistry
... where [Cd2+] = 0.020 M and [Pb2+] = 0.200 M. For this reaction to be galvanic, the cadmium reaction must be the oxidation reaction. Cd → Cd2+ + 2 e- E0 = +0.403 V Pb2+ + 2 e- → Pb E0 = -0.126 V ...
... where [Cd2+] = 0.020 M and [Pb2+] = 0.200 M. For this reaction to be galvanic, the cadmium reaction must be the oxidation reaction. Cd → Cd2+ + 2 e- E0 = +0.403 V Pb2+ + 2 e- → Pb E0 = -0.126 V ...
REGULATION OF ACID
... 1. H+ intake and production must equal net removal 2. H+ critical for homeostasis B. Systems involved in regulating H+ concentration 1. kidney 2. buffering mechanisms a. blood b. cells c. lungs ...
... 1. H+ intake and production must equal net removal 2. H+ critical for homeostasis B. Systems involved in regulating H+ concentration 1. kidney 2. buffering mechanisms a. blood b. cells c. lungs ...
Red-ox reactions Electochemistry
... Galvanic cells can push electrons through a wire. The magnitude of this ability ...
... Galvanic cells can push electrons through a wire. The magnitude of this ability ...
Physiological Aspects Of Neuromuscular Transmission
... 1. An action potential in a motor neuron is propagated to the terminal button. 2. The presence of an action potential in the terminal button triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels & the subsequent entry of Ca2+ in to the terminal button. 3. Ca2+ triggers the release of acetylcholine by ...
... 1. An action potential in a motor neuron is propagated to the terminal button. 2. The presence of an action potential in the terminal button triggers the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels & the subsequent entry of Ca2+ in to the terminal button. 3. Ca2+ triggers the release of acetylcholine by ...
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules that make up
... hydrophobic tails, which prevent phospholipid molecules from packing together and forming a solid. If a drop of phospholipids are placed in water, the phospholipids spontaneously forms a structure known as amicelle, with their hydrophilic heads oriented toward the water. Micelles are lipid molecule ...
... hydrophobic tails, which prevent phospholipid molecules from packing together and forming a solid. If a drop of phospholipids are placed in water, the phospholipids spontaneously forms a structure known as amicelle, with their hydrophilic heads oriented toward the water. Micelles are lipid molecule ...
New Methods in Cardiovascular Biology
... grossly within a subcellular domain, but it does not establish the extent to which those proteins form functional channels. As such, a correlation between channel protein location and ion channel function remains incomplete. The current study reports a technical advancement that permits routine imag ...
... grossly within a subcellular domain, but it does not establish the extent to which those proteins form functional channels. As such, a correlation between channel protein location and ion channel function remains incomplete. The current study reports a technical advancement that permits routine imag ...
Lecture 19 Membranes 2: Membrane Proteins
... • Rafts may "organize" some membrane receptors and signaling proteins whose functions require protein-protein interactions (collision probability much greater in "corral" of local raft). • Proteins and lipids move in and out of rafts, but on slower time scale (sec rather than µsec), but biochemical ...
... • Rafts may "organize" some membrane receptors and signaling proteins whose functions require protein-protein interactions (collision probability much greater in "corral" of local raft). • Proteins and lipids move in and out of rafts, but on slower time scale (sec rather than µsec), but biochemical ...
2. Electrodics
... Obviously, the faster the ion, the greater its contribution to the total current. If, and only if, the mobilities of anions and cations are exactly the same, the current will be transported in the same proportion (50%) by each species. To calculate the transference number one does not need the absol ...
... Obviously, the faster the ion, the greater its contribution to the total current. If, and only if, the mobilities of anions and cations are exactly the same, the current will be transported in the same proportion (50%) by each species. To calculate the transference number one does not need the absol ...
The flame ionization detector: A theoretical approach
... lag in response time, but actually an ion which has entered the cage is already effectively collected as far as the electrical circuit is concerned, and its physical contact with the metal can take place at leisure. I t follows from this reasoning that the narrow hollow cylindrical electrode should ...
... lag in response time, but actually an ion which has entered the cage is already effectively collected as far as the electrical circuit is concerned, and its physical contact with the metal can take place at leisure. I t follows from this reasoning that the narrow hollow cylindrical electrode should ...
Modeling the auditory pathway - Computer Science
... Mino H. et al. 2002, Comparison of Algorithms for the Simulation of Action Potentials with Stochastic Sodium Channels. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 30, pp. 578587 ...
... Mino H. et al. 2002, Comparison of Algorithms for the Simulation of Action Potentials with Stochastic Sodium Channels. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 30, pp. 578587 ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.