![A mechanistic model of a mutualism and its ecological and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016279469_1-c7667b1869577a14ea7377efb72148a0-300x300.png)
A mechanistic model of a mutualism and its ecological and
... Roughgarden (1976, 1983) has suggested that coevolution will evolve to the point, where equilibrium population sizes are either maximized or minimized according to a specific mathematical rule based on derivatives of the community matrix. However, it has been shown that when there is also frequency ...
... Roughgarden (1976, 1983) has suggested that coevolution will evolve to the point, where equilibrium population sizes are either maximized or minimized according to a specific mathematical rule based on derivatives of the community matrix. However, it has been shown that when there is also frequency ...
Asymmetric larval interactions between introduced and indigenous
... may play a stronger role for HA than for C. septempunctata in promoting the successful invasion of North America. Keywords Coccinellidae . Competition . Indigenous species . Intraguild predation . Invasive species ...
... may play a stronger role for HA than for C. septempunctata in promoting the successful invasion of North America. Keywords Coccinellidae . Competition . Indigenous species . Intraguild predation . Invasive species ...
Species-specific effects of genetic diversity and species
... on time. In fall 2010, we checked the survival for all individuals and counted the numbers of branches per plant. At the same time, we assessed herbivory as the percentage of leaf area consumed per plant by randomly choosing 20 leaves of each individual and visually assigning them to one of eight cl ...
... on time. In fall 2010, we checked the survival for all individuals and counted the numbers of branches per plant. At the same time, we assessed herbivory as the percentage of leaf area consumed per plant by randomly choosing 20 leaves of each individual and visually assigning them to one of eight cl ...
Vector Corruption - Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
... Introductions of these two species can be traced to multiple mechanisms, release from the aquarium trade, introductions for game improvement, pest control, aquaculture escapes, and dispersal from naturalized populations resulting in each species now being found spread across the world. Rapid growth, ...
... Introductions of these two species can be traced to multiple mechanisms, release from the aquarium trade, introductions for game improvement, pest control, aquaculture escapes, and dispersal from naturalized populations resulting in each species now being found spread across the world. Rapid growth, ...
Experimental evidence for indirect facilitation among invasive plants
... potential drivers of plant community structure (reviewed by Brooker et al. 2008). Positive interactions among plant species might occur through protection from unfavourable abiotic conditions or by altered effects of herbivores, pathogens or competitors. These interactions can moderate the effects o ...
... potential drivers of plant community structure (reviewed by Brooker et al. 2008). Positive interactions among plant species might occur through protection from unfavourable abiotic conditions or by altered effects of herbivores, pathogens or competitors. These interactions can moderate the effects o ...
A declining species has to be added to the official list of endangered
... nesting habitat is unknown (e.g., Eskimo curlew), they are in such low numbers that they cannot be found with regularity (ivory-billed woodpecker, Bachman's warbler), or the management options are so limited or the species has such a low priority that a plan is not justified at this time. What are r ...
... nesting habitat is unknown (e.g., Eskimo curlew), they are in such low numbers that they cannot be found with regularity (ivory-billed woodpecker, Bachman's warbler), or the management options are so limited or the species has such a low priority that a plan is not justified at this time. What are r ...
What is resilience?
... and coral reefs into algae covered rubble. The new state may not only be biologically and economically impoverished, but also irreversible. ...
... and coral reefs into algae covered rubble. The new state may not only be biologically and economically impoverished, but also irreversible. ...
Caddisfly diapause aggregations facilitate benthic invertebrate colonization
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
Lecture 22. Succession Reconsidered
... -most terrestrial disturbances do two things: (1) reduce live plant biomass and (2) change the pool of actively cycling soil organic matter -succession can then be viewed as “a directional change in ecosystem structure and function resulting from biotically driven changes in resource supply.” (Text ...
... -most terrestrial disturbances do two things: (1) reduce live plant biomass and (2) change the pool of actively cycling soil organic matter -succession can then be viewed as “a directional change in ecosystem structure and function resulting from biotically driven changes in resource supply.” (Text ...
Connecticut State Museum of Natural History @ UConn
... are recorded. We generally post vertebrates and plants species on the tally board throughout the night and into the next day because it is easy to keep track of what you are posting as they are identified to species. Sleeping area for scientists: Surveyors may choose to stay overnight. There shoul ...
... are recorded. We generally post vertebrates and plants species on the tally board throughout the night and into the next day because it is easy to keep track of what you are posting as they are identified to species. Sleeping area for scientists: Surveyors may choose to stay overnight. There shoul ...
Insect communities and biotic interactions on
... or predator–prey interactions may disrupt, and competitive interactions may be changed (Hanski, 1995; Harrison and Bruna, 1999). Less competitive but highly mobile species, which are typically early successional rstrategists, may profit from habitat fragmentation at the cost of competitively superior ...
... or predator–prey interactions may disrupt, and competitive interactions may be changed (Hanski, 1995; Harrison and Bruna, 1999). Less competitive but highly mobile species, which are typically early successional rstrategists, may profit from habitat fragmentation at the cost of competitively superior ...
On size and area: Patterns of mammalian body size extremes
... very simple idea is at the core of this hypothesis. If the number of individuals per unit area that a species can pack is low (as is the case for large and small species), then their extinction risks should increase as available area (i.e. landmass area) decreases. Furthermore, each species can be c ...
... very simple idea is at the core of this hypothesis. If the number of individuals per unit area that a species can pack is low (as is the case for large and small species), then their extinction risks should increase as available area (i.e. landmass area) decreases. Furthermore, each species can be c ...
The influence of interspecific interactions on species range
... can more readily account for a wide range of assumptions about the shape of dispersal kernels, which could vary with community composition. For instance, if each of several dispersal agents for a focal species has its own Gaussian dispersal kernel, but with different mean squared displacement values ...
... can more readily account for a wide range of assumptions about the shape of dispersal kernels, which could vary with community composition. For instance, if each of several dispersal agents for a focal species has its own Gaussian dispersal kernel, but with different mean squared displacement values ...
niche principles and 4 case studies
... If a pair of species have similar niches in allopatric areas, and dissimilar niches in sympatric areas, this is good evidence for character displacement, which is a shift in niche to avoid interspecific competition. Can also use translocation experiments to shift individuals from areas of allopatry ...
... If a pair of species have similar niches in allopatric areas, and dissimilar niches in sympatric areas, this is good evidence for character displacement, which is a shift in niche to avoid interspecific competition. Can also use translocation experiments to shift individuals from areas of allopatry ...
Towards a trait-based quantification of species
... the links between plant traits and survival remain rarely explored because of the difficulty to follow seedling and adult survival in the field. Even if the connection between population vital rates and plant functional traits is not yet elucidated (but see Poorter et al. 2008 for recent advances in ...
... the links between plant traits and survival remain rarely explored because of the difficulty to follow seedling and adult survival in the field. Even if the connection between population vital rates and plant functional traits is not yet elucidated (but see Poorter et al. 2008 for recent advances in ...
Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity
... Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Guo, Qinfeng; Shaffer, Terry; and Buhl, Thomas, "Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity–Productivity Relationships in Grasslands" (2006). US ...
... Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Guo, Qinfeng; Shaffer, Terry; and Buhl, Thomas, "Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity–Productivity Relationships in Grasslands" (2006). US ...
Chapter 14: Conserving Biodiversity
... = non-native species introduced to a new area either purposely or accidentally by human activity Often destructive because they have not evolved with local species Brown tree snake, introduced to Guam, caused many local bird species to go extinct Domestic cats in Wisconsin kill 39 million bird ...
... = non-native species introduced to a new area either purposely or accidentally by human activity Often destructive because they have not evolved with local species Brown tree snake, introduced to Guam, caused many local bird species to go extinct Domestic cats in Wisconsin kill 39 million bird ...
Neanderthal-modern human competition?
... inseparably to their ability to procure various dietary elements (e.g. Shea, 1998). The proposed differences between Neanderthal versus modern human diets include the relative proportions of plant to animal foods (Richards et al., 2000, 2001), the mode of procurement of the animals (for a review see ...
... inseparably to their ability to procure various dietary elements (e.g. Shea, 1998). The proposed differences between Neanderthal versus modern human diets include the relative proportions of plant to animal foods (Richards et al., 2000, 2001), the mode of procurement of the animals (for a review see ...
From the Editor - Environment Southland
... a limb until it can be killed by the trapper. These traps are often used by contractors for monitoring purposes before and after a control operation. ...
... a limb until it can be killed by the trapper. These traps are often used by contractors for monitoring purposes before and after a control operation. ...
Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity across
... of uncertainty, as available data only account for ,25% of known diversity (Table 1), and are biased towards commercial species. Furthermore, our results are based on a single, relatively coarse grain size necessary to maximize sampling effort and minimize errors in extrapolation and record accuracy ...
... of uncertainty, as available data only account for ,25% of known diversity (Table 1), and are biased towards commercial species. Furthermore, our results are based on a single, relatively coarse grain size necessary to maximize sampling effort and minimize errors in extrapolation and record accuracy ...
Gilliam FS and MR Roberts. 2003. The dynamic nature of the
... ephemerals, summer greens, wintergreens, evergreens, heteroptics, and parasitic and saprophytic plants. In addition to their obvious contrasts in temporal variation in growth characteristics, these phenological groups exhibit contrasting reproductive modes. Because many forest herbs are cryptophytes ...
... ephemerals, summer greens, wintergreens, evergreens, heteroptics, and parasitic and saprophytic plants. In addition to their obvious contrasts in temporal variation in growth characteristics, these phenological groups exhibit contrasting reproductive modes. Because many forest herbs are cryptophytes ...
Global Ecology
... 1. Functional ecology and evolutionary ecology 2. Modern ecology and long-term ecology (=palaeoecology) (the Fourth dimension of ecology) 3. Autecology – study of ecological relationships of a single species 4. Synecology – study of all the species living together as a community (group of plants and ...
... 1. Functional ecology and evolutionary ecology 2. Modern ecology and long-term ecology (=palaeoecology) (the Fourth dimension of ecology) 3. Autecology – study of ecological relationships of a single species 4. Synecology – study of all the species living together as a community (group of plants and ...
Reproductive dynamics of three amphibian species in
... reduce predation pressure at the larval stage, many amphibian species breed in fish-free habitats that exhibit large fluctuations of their flooding conditions (Hecnar & M’closkey, 1997; Smith et al., 1999). However, such a strategy is also risky as the drying up of those habitats before larval metam ...
... reduce predation pressure at the larval stage, many amphibian species breed in fish-free habitats that exhibit large fluctuations of their flooding conditions (Hecnar & M’closkey, 1997; Smith et al., 1999). However, such a strategy is also risky as the drying up of those habitats before larval metam ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local increases
... including salt cedar Tamarix sp., blue gum tree Eucalyptus globulus and purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria commonly do not reduce species diversity relative to native systems [41 –43], there are nevertheless cases in which reductions in species diversity are apparent [44]. It is these latter cases ...
... including salt cedar Tamarix sp., blue gum tree Eucalyptus globulus and purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria commonly do not reduce species diversity relative to native systems [41 –43], there are nevertheless cases in which reductions in species diversity are apparent [44]. It is these latter cases ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local
... that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2]. Many types of global change can cause species extinction, but two are believed to be particularly important [ ...
... that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2]. Many types of global change can cause species extinction, but two are believed to be particularly important [ ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.