![Food web assembly rules](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017681168_1-f28f65f40a2ce8b72614ed851ad2b255-300x300.png)
Food web assembly rules
... For consumer-resource relationships, the competitive exclusion principle states that when two consumers compete for the exact same resource within an environment, one consumer will eventually outcompete and displace the other [4, 5]. It is known that the number of coexisting species cannot exceed th ...
... For consumer-resource relationships, the competitive exclusion principle states that when two consumers compete for the exact same resource within an environment, one consumer will eventually outcompete and displace the other [4, 5]. It is known that the number of coexisting species cannot exceed th ...
V h -t
... the region. He concurred with Marloth (1908) that the region is floristically more closely related to the Succulent Karoo and the Great Karoo than to the Cape Floristic Region, although Cape floristic elements are clearly present, especially on the Hantamsberg (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). The Roggeveld w ...
... the region. He concurred with Marloth (1908) that the region is floristically more closely related to the Succulent Karoo and the Great Karoo than to the Cape Floristic Region, although Cape floristic elements are clearly present, especially on the Hantamsberg (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). The Roggeveld w ...
10/19/06 version
... within a habitat are not always occupied by the same species or group of species. A species found in ...
... within a habitat are not always occupied by the same species or group of species. A species found in ...
Environmental correlates of acorn production by four species of Minnesota oaks
... Quercus Reproduction in oaks Weather and reproduction ...
... Quercus Reproduction in oaks Weather and reproduction ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... (Bertness and Leonard 1997). Similarly, seedlings of marsh elders (Iva fructescens) survive best in areas where seedling density is high or adult marsh elders (or other adult plants) form a canopy that can reduce evaporation rates and decrease soil salinity (Bertness and Yeh 1994). Yet when water is ...
... (Bertness and Leonard 1997). Similarly, seedlings of marsh elders (Iva fructescens) survive best in areas where seedling density is high or adult marsh elders (or other adult plants) form a canopy that can reduce evaporation rates and decrease soil salinity (Bertness and Yeh 1994). Yet when water is ...
Biodiversity and resilience of arthropod communities after fire
... challenge for ecologists is to understand the factors that affect the resilience of community structures and ecosystem functions. In many forest ecosystems, one such important natural disturbance is fire. The aim of this study was to understand the variation of resilience in six functional groups of ...
... challenge for ecologists is to understand the factors that affect the resilience of community structures and ecosystem functions. In many forest ecosystems, one such important natural disturbance is fire. The aim of this study was to understand the variation of resilience in six functional groups of ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna - Research
... agricultural expansion, increasing livestock numbers, and other forms of human encroachment have severely degraded critical habitat for megafauna by increased fragmentation or ...
... agricultural expansion, increasing livestock numbers, and other forms of human encroachment have severely degraded critical habitat for megafauna by increased fragmentation or ...
IUCN Species Survival Commission
... an attempt to establish a species, for the purpose of conservation, outside its recorded distribution but within appropriate habitat and eco-geographical area.” Thus, assisted colonisation has been used successfully to counter imminent extinction threats to endangered species long before the current ...
... an attempt to establish a species, for the purpose of conservation, outside its recorded distribution but within appropriate habitat and eco-geographical area.” Thus, assisted colonisation has been used successfully to counter imminent extinction threats to endangered species long before the current ...
4 Hierarchical competition in a pond-breeding anuran
... pond at high densities during development with a high niche overlap. For these reasons anuran larvae have been studied widely as a model system for competition. Body size and activity level are considered the most important factors that influence the outcome of competition between tadpoles. As speci ...
... pond at high densities during development with a high niche overlap. For these reasons anuran larvae have been studied widely as a model system for competition. Body size and activity level are considered the most important factors that influence the outcome of competition between tadpoles. As speci ...
Deep-Sea Diaspora
... second question, however, has largely remained an enigma. We do know that most of the species probably disperse between vents in a larval stage that drifts through the water, but we know very little about how this process works. Over the past two decades it has become clear that unraveling this myst ...
... second question, however, has largely remained an enigma. We do know that most of the species probably disperse between vents in a larval stage that drifts through the water, but we know very little about how this process works. Over the past two decades it has become clear that unraveling this myst ...
Communication of work on moorland management to land
... significant problems, and many of these problems can be site specific. To address these problems small scale plot trials are tested prior to any field scale restoration plans being developed. This directs restoration toward the potentially most successful and most cost effective restoration programm ...
... significant problems, and many of these problems can be site specific. To address these problems small scale plot trials are tested prior to any field scale restoration plans being developed. This directs restoration toward the potentially most successful and most cost effective restoration programm ...
DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... that the regional pool contains fewer potential invaders in sites where more species are already present (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). The second is that more diverse communities may utilize resources more completely or efficiently so that less niche space is available for new species to occupy (Elto ...
... that the regional pool contains fewer potential invaders in sites where more species are already present (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). The second is that more diverse communities may utilize resources more completely or efficiently so that less niche space is available for new species to occupy (Elto ...
Leaf-level nitrogen-use efficiency of canopy and understorey
... many of whose leaves will be in full sunlight, while the lowest layer is occupied by understorey species that may be well adapted to shade (e.g. Hirose & Werger 1995). In this study we measured NUE, NP and MRT at the leaf level in deciduous woody species belonging to the canopy or the understorey of ...
... many of whose leaves will be in full sunlight, while the lowest layer is occupied by understorey species that may be well adapted to shade (e.g. Hirose & Werger 1995). In this study we measured NUE, NP and MRT at the leaf level in deciduous woody species belonging to the canopy or the understorey of ...
Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on
... other half had been similarly grazed until cattle were removed from various areas during the construction of a mine in 1985. These sites were well interspersed around the 3100-ha study area, such that soil type and grazing status were independent of latitude and longitude (Harrison 1999a ). Serpenti ...
... other half had been similarly grazed until cattle were removed from various areas during the construction of a mine in 1985. These sites were well interspersed around the 3100-ha study area, such that soil type and grazing status were independent of latitude and longitude (Harrison 1999a ). Serpenti ...
Full-Text PDF
... Population dynamics provides an interesting field for the application of a plethora of ideas from statistical mechanics. Here I present applications of statistical mechanics concepts and techniques to three main problems in ecology in which I have been working in collaboration with different groups ...
... Population dynamics provides an interesting field for the application of a plethora of ideas from statistical mechanics. Here I present applications of statistical mechanics concepts and techniques to three main problems in ecology in which I have been working in collaboration with different groups ...
Coevolutionary motion and swarming in a niche space model of
... ratio of body sizes and also in parasite-host systems frequently strong interactions are achieved for drastic differences in body size of host and parasite. As another difference to the work by MacArthur and many others [25,26] our model does not take species densities into account. This is an enormou ...
... ratio of body sizes and also in parasite-host systems frequently strong interactions are achieved for drastic differences in body size of host and parasite. As another difference to the work by MacArthur and many others [25,26] our model does not take species densities into account. This is an enormou ...
BIOGEOGRAPHY 8
... which local extinctions and recolonizations are common. Nevertheless, drawing a closed polygon around the metapopulation delineates a somewhat arbitrary "area of occurrence" (Gaston 1991), which may reflect important climatic boundaries that limit distribution (Brown 1988). The danger arises when we ...
... which local extinctions and recolonizations are common. Nevertheless, drawing a closed polygon around the metapopulation delineates a somewhat arbitrary "area of occurrence" (Gaston 1991), which may reflect important climatic boundaries that limit distribution (Brown 1988). The danger arises when we ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna
... agricultural expansion, increasing livestock numbers, and other forms of human encroachment have severely degraded critical habitat for megafauna by increased fragmentation or ...
... agricultural expansion, increasing livestock numbers, and other forms of human encroachment have severely degraded critical habitat for megafauna by increased fragmentation or ...
On the integration of biotic interaction and
... has been central to the development of species distribution models (SDMs, Jeschke and Strayer (2008)). Despite all of its criticisms, SDMs remain remarkably popular and operational for conservation ecology (Guisan et al. 2013). Recent attempts to improve the quantification of the niche include the a ...
... has been central to the development of species distribution models (SDMs, Jeschke and Strayer (2008)). Despite all of its criticisms, SDMs remain remarkably popular and operational for conservation ecology (Guisan et al. 2013). Recent attempts to improve the quantification of the niche include the a ...
Cats - An Annotated Bibliography
... Highlands and Wyperfield National Park. Native animals are a major food source of cats only in the Eastern Highlands. There was no evidence that the small amount of predation in Kinchega National Park and Wyperfield National Park had a significant effect on any mammal population. It was difficult to ...
... Highlands and Wyperfield National Park. Native animals are a major food source of cats only in the Eastern Highlands. There was no evidence that the small amount of predation in Kinchega National Park and Wyperfield National Park had a significant effect on any mammal population. It was difficult to ...
Phytosociological Studies on the Vegetation at Kui Block Field
... of the community in the g~ro are prominent in this community. Most of them are dominant species 0L the subtree and shrub layers of the pine L0rest. The most conspicuous features of this community are the decrease of most lianas and remarkable increase of evergreen as well as ericaceous. plants. Thes ...
... of the community in the g~ro are prominent in this community. Most of them are dominant species 0L the subtree and shrub layers of the pine L0rest. The most conspicuous features of this community are the decrease of most lianas and remarkable increase of evergreen as well as ericaceous. plants. Thes ...
Connectance in stream food webs
... The power–law relationship between links and web size (L = αS β) not surprisingly confirmed that the number of links increases with web size, but we obtained an exponent (β) of S of 1·3, a value that differs significantly from the link-species scaling ‘law’ (β = 1) and the constant connectance hypot ...
... The power–law relationship between links and web size (L = αS β) not surprisingly confirmed that the number of links increases with web size, but we obtained an exponent (β) of S of 1·3, a value that differs significantly from the link-species scaling ‘law’ (β = 1) and the constant connectance hypot ...
Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence
... For two species competing (or partially competing) for resources, it is generally believed that the presence of one species should affect negatively on the other. In fact, positive interaction also exists among competing species. For example, the leguminous plants compete for light, CO2 , water, min ...
... For two species competing (or partially competing) for resources, it is generally believed that the presence of one species should affect negatively on the other. In fact, positive interaction also exists among competing species. For example, the leguminous plants compete for light, CO2 , water, min ...
Impact of Alien Plants on Hawaii`s Native Biota
... species that may be considered beneficial by agronomists or horticulturists as forage, ornamentals, or for timber are included in this listing because of their negative impact in native Hawaiian ecosystems. TERMINOLOGY Six terms (adventive, alien, exotic, introduced, naturalized, and weed) are commo ...
... species that may be considered beneficial by agronomists or horticulturists as forage, ornamentals, or for timber are included in this listing because of their negative impact in native Hawaiian ecosystems. TERMINOLOGY Six terms (adventive, alien, exotic, introduced, naturalized, and weed) are commo ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.