![Mesoamerican Reef](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013899940_1-5372ed99c3c01eb61408b77165792422-300x300.png)
Mesoamerican Reef
... It has become a serious threat to marine ecosystems It has no natural predators and is beginning to reduce biodiversity (GlobalGiving, 2011) Over population is depleting prey for other species sharing the same ecological niche These species risk extinction and vulnerability without food, causing imb ...
... It has become a serious threat to marine ecosystems It has no natural predators and is beginning to reduce biodiversity (GlobalGiving, 2011) Over population is depleting prey for other species sharing the same ecological niche These species risk extinction and vulnerability without food, causing imb ...
- WIT Repository
... complex functions (e.g. quadratic) in E. Many of these alternative models are hierarchical ...
... complex functions (e.g. quadratic) in E. Many of these alternative models are hierarchical ...
Non-naturalized alien plants receive fewer flower visits than
... not become naturalized. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the capacity of attracting pollinators distinguishes naturalized alien from non-naturalized alien species, that is, whether it could drive naturalization of alien species (van Kleunen et al., 2010). The capacity of a plant to attract flowe ...
... not become naturalized. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the capacity of attracting pollinators distinguishes naturalized alien from non-naturalized alien species, that is, whether it could drive naturalization of alien species (van Kleunen et al., 2010). The capacity of a plant to attract flowe ...
Peck, Daniel C. 2006. European Crane Fly. Cornell University and
... NY back to 2002. The arrival of T. paludosa was probably inevitable, given that the this species is widespread and firmly established in southern Ontario. While T. oleracea has not yet been reported from Ontario, it was detected in Michigan in 2005. Both insects were probably introduced to North Ame ...
... NY back to 2002. The arrival of T. paludosa was probably inevitable, given that the this species is widespread and firmly established in southern Ontario. While T. oleracea has not yet been reported from Ontario, it was detected in Michigan in 2005. Both insects were probably introduced to North Ame ...
Desirable mathematical properties of indicators for biodiversity change
... biodiversity more generally and can be connected with causes of trends (van Strien et al., 2009). Furthermore, the making of an indicator should be feasible in practice. Obviously, one cannot monitor all species groups in all habitat types in all localities. At best, it is possible to monitor a sele ...
... biodiversity more generally and can be connected with causes of trends (van Strien et al., 2009). Furthermore, the making of an indicator should be feasible in practice. Obviously, one cannot monitor all species groups in all habitat types in all localities. At best, it is possible to monitor a sele ...
Notes on the ecology of Tradescantia fluminensis and a biological
... spectabile seedlings were relatively shade tolerant, and established under the weed, but survival after 20 months was only 6% under the weed compared with 84% in full light. Standish et al. (2001) concluded that invasion by T. fluminensis is likely to result in changes to the composition of the nati ...
... spectabile seedlings were relatively shade tolerant, and established under the weed, but survival after 20 months was only 6% under the weed compared with 84% in full light. Standish et al. (2001) concluded that invasion by T. fluminensis is likely to result in changes to the composition of the nati ...
Full text in pdf format
... sensu Lawrence 1975) have recently stimulated considerable research particularly on ecological mechanisms responsible for their origin and maintenance. Basically, kelp forest and crustose coralline communities have been shown to represent alternative states (Mann 1977, Harrold & Reed 1985, Scheiblin ...
... sensu Lawrence 1975) have recently stimulated considerable research particularly on ecological mechanisms responsible for their origin and maintenance. Basically, kelp forest and crustose coralline communities have been shown to represent alternative states (Mann 1977, Harrold & Reed 1985, Scheiblin ...
Free-feeding insect herbivores along environmental gradients in
... low altitudes were randomly chosen to be sampled within each day. Both herbaceous and arboreal (when present) strata were sampled. In rupestrian vegetation, samples were taken mainly in fragments of grassland, on sedimentary sandy soil between the rocks. Five subsamples of 30 sweeps were taken walki ...
... low altitudes were randomly chosen to be sampled within each day. Both herbaceous and arboreal (when present) strata were sampled. In rupestrian vegetation, samples were taken mainly in fragments of grassland, on sedimentary sandy soil between the rocks. Five subsamples of 30 sweeps were taken walki ...
Intraguild predation: a widespread interaction related to
... the logical assumption that basal species are plants or detritus and intermediate species are animals. We considered that species eating only basal organisms were either herbivores or detritivores; species eating basal and intermediate organisms were omnivores; and species consuming only intermediat ...
... the logical assumption that basal species are plants or detritus and intermediate species are animals. We considered that species eating only basal organisms were either herbivores or detritivores; species eating basal and intermediate organisms were omnivores; and species consuming only intermediat ...
Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical
... demonstrates that plant functional type (PFT) diversity, mean canopy height, woody basal area and litter depth have potential as indicators of biological diversity. We also show that the ratio spp.:PFTs might predict animal species richness. A preliminary study of plant functional traits and termite ...
... demonstrates that plant functional type (PFT) diversity, mean canopy height, woody basal area and litter depth have potential as indicators of biological diversity. We also show that the ratio spp.:PFTs might predict animal species richness. A preliminary study of plant functional traits and termite ...
Dispersal traits determine plant response to habitat
... In this study, we investigated the role of plant functional traits in response to habitat fragmentation in an urban environment. We assumed that traits supporting local persistence and dispersal influence plant response to fragmentation. Specifically, we hypothesized that species responding to fragm ...
... In this study, we investigated the role of plant functional traits in response to habitat fragmentation in an urban environment. We assumed that traits supporting local persistence and dispersal influence plant response to fragmentation. Specifically, we hypothesized that species responding to fragm ...
21 | CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY
... to human health and welfare. Through selective breeding, humans have domesticated animals, plants, and fungi, but even this diversity is suffering losses because of market forces and increasing globalism in human agriculture and migration. For example, international seed companies produce only a ver ...
... to human health and welfare. Through selective breeding, humans have domesticated animals, plants, and fungi, but even this diversity is suffering losses because of market forces and increasing globalism in human agriculture and migration. For example, international seed companies produce only a ver ...
The metacommunity concept
... In the following synthesis, we review some simple aspects of metacommunity theory that ask how the fact that local communities are embedded in a larger regional biota affects local phenomena and patterns of variation among local communities. Embedding local communities within a metacommunity is like ...
... In the following synthesis, we review some simple aspects of metacommunity theory that ask how the fact that local communities are embedded in a larger regional biota affects local phenomena and patterns of variation among local communities. Embedding local communities within a metacommunity is like ...
Leibold et al. 2004
... In the following synthesis, we review some simple aspects of metacommunity theory that ask how the fact that local communities are embedded in a larger regional biota affects local phenomena and patterns of variation among local communities. Embedding local communities within a metacommunity is like ...
... In the following synthesis, we review some simple aspects of metacommunity theory that ask how the fact that local communities are embedded in a larger regional biota affects local phenomena and patterns of variation among local communities. Embedding local communities within a metacommunity is like ...
Elmqvist
... et al. 2003) and contribute to the creation of compounded perturbations (Paine et al. Figure 1. Shifts in coral reef and rangeland ecosystems from a more to a less desir1998). Sustaining desirable states of an able state as a consequence of human-induced erosion of resilience. The stability ecosyste ...
... et al. 2003) and contribute to the creation of compounded perturbations (Paine et al. Figure 1. Shifts in coral reef and rangeland ecosystems from a more to a less desir1998). Sustaining desirable states of an able state as a consequence of human-induced erosion of resilience. The stability ecosyste ...
estimating species richness three different ways
... rarity is one key to understanding why richness estimates fail. Fifty-one species (12% of the total) were still uniques (known from only one sample) at the end of the inventory. The rarity of 20 of these species was explained by ‘‘edge effects’’: ‘‘methodological edge species’’ (possibly abundant at ...
... rarity is one key to understanding why richness estimates fail. Fifty-one species (12% of the total) were still uniques (known from only one sample) at the end of the inventory. The rarity of 20 of these species was explained by ‘‘edge effects’’: ‘‘methodological edge species’’ (possibly abundant at ...
Secondary succession is influenced by belowground insect
... block design using 12 blocks each with 8 plots of 3×3 m. Plots and blocks are separated by 2 m wide walkways. Insecticides were applied separately and in combination (four possible treatments randomly assigned to two plots within each block). The density of above-ground insects on the experimental p ...
... block design using 12 blocks each with 8 plots of 3×3 m. Plots and blocks are separated by 2 m wide walkways. Insecticides were applied separately and in combination (four possible treatments randomly assigned to two plots within each block). The density of above-ground insects on the experimental p ...
Holocarpha macradenia response to experimental disturbance
... Our study system was California coastal prairie – the species rich, mesic grasslands found on deep soils within a maritime fog belt that moderates the otherwise extreme summer drought of the Mediterranean climate. We conducted research at three coastal prairie sites, all within 4 km of the coast, in ...
... Our study system was California coastal prairie – the species rich, mesic grasslands found on deep soils within a maritime fog belt that moderates the otherwise extreme summer drought of the Mediterranean climate. We conducted research at three coastal prairie sites, all within 4 km of the coast, in ...
0041332
... 1.1.1 Invasive non-native species are species that have been introduced either deliberately or accidentally outside of their natural range, where they then become established and cause damage to their new environment. They are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, second only to habita ...
... 1.1.1 Invasive non-native species are species that have been introduced either deliberately or accidentally outside of their natural range, where they then become established and cause damage to their new environment. They are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, second only to habita ...
Coevolution: A synergy in biology and ecology
... (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, and Barertt’s study on pathogen virulence and plant resistance (Futuyma ...
... (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, and Barertt’s study on pathogen virulence and plant resistance (Futuyma ...
What is ecosystem stability?
... kelp. In the 1990s, sea otter populations off the coast of Alaska declined because orcas ate large numbers of otters. What effect did this have on the sea otters’ ecosystem? ...
... kelp. In the 1990s, sea otter populations off the coast of Alaska declined because orcas ate large numbers of otters. What effect did this have on the sea otters’ ecosystem? ...
global strategy on invasive alien species
... establishment of species around the world. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, the pet trade, the horticultural industry, and many industrial consumers of raw materials today depend on species that are native to distant parts of the world. The lives of people everywhere have been greatly enriched by t ...
... establishment of species around the world. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, the pet trade, the horticultural industry, and many industrial consumers of raw materials today depend on species that are native to distant parts of the world. The lives of people everywhere have been greatly enriched by t ...
(Part 2) The adaptationist program
... offspring than it would if it lacked that trait -Adaptations can be structural, behavioral or physiological. ...
... offspring than it would if it lacked that trait -Adaptations can be structural, behavioral or physiological. ...
Invasive Species Articles
... says the bee may actually be improving the availability of a lot of flowers. He showed that coffee, for instance, has flourished under these new bees. He and other African bee lovers say it is not even accurate to call them Africanized bees anymore. After decades of a massive and uncontrollable cont ...
... says the bee may actually be improving the availability of a lot of flowers. He showed that coffee, for instance, has flourished under these new bees. He and other African bee lovers say it is not even accurate to call them Africanized bees anymore. After decades of a massive and uncontrollable cont ...
Rossberg, A. G. (2012). Food webs. In A. Hastings
... webs confirm this pattern. They also show that consumer sets of species are inherited more strongly than resource sets. For example, granivorous and insectivorous birds may differ in their diets and yet share bird-eating raptors as common consumers. These phylogenetic constraints can be described by ...
... webs confirm this pattern. They also show that consumer sets of species are inherited more strongly than resource sets. For example, granivorous and insectivorous birds may differ in their diets and yet share bird-eating raptors as common consumers. These phylogenetic constraints can be described by ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.