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Tree species richness promotes productivity in temperate forests
... 1998a,b). Many experiments on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) were carried out in the last two decades (Hector et al. 1999; Hooper et al. 2005), usually showing that plant productivity increases with increasing species richness, often levelling off at high richn ...
... 1998a,b). Many experiments on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) were carried out in the last two decades (Hector et al. 1999; Hooper et al. 2005), usually showing that plant productivity increases with increasing species richness, often levelling off at high richn ...
Using Phylogenetic, Functional and Trait Diversity to
... without reliance on a small number of traits selected a priori. The first multivariate strategy, functional attribute diversity (FAD), introduced by Walker and colleagues [23], sums species distances in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functio ...
... without reliance on a small number of traits selected a priori. The first multivariate strategy, functional attribute diversity (FAD), introduced by Walker and colleagues [23], sums species distances in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functio ...
Purple Loosestrife - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the
... Austria, and France, extending earlier observations (Batra et al., 1986). These surveys covered 140 different sites and an area from the northernmost distribution in central Finland to the Mediterranean basin (Blossey, 1995b). Additional surveys were conducted in North America from Maryland to Nebra ...
... Austria, and France, extending earlier observations (Batra et al., 1986). These surveys covered 140 different sites and an area from the northernmost distribution in central Finland to the Mediterranean basin (Blossey, 1995b). Additional surveys were conducted in North America from Maryland to Nebra ...
species diversity, floristic composition and physiognomy changes in
... Zhu H, Wang H & Zhou SS. 2010. Species diversity, floristic composition and physiognomy changes in a rainforest remnant in southern Yunnan, China after 48 years. In order to investigate the effects of tropical forest fragmentation, a comparative study on floristic composition, plant life forms and e ...
... Zhu H, Wang H & Zhou SS. 2010. Species diversity, floristic composition and physiognomy changes in a rainforest remnant in southern Yunnan, China after 48 years. In order to investigate the effects of tropical forest fragmentation, a comparative study on floristic composition, plant life forms and e ...
Ecological Engineering Effects of plant diversity - Everglades-HUB
... microbial groups (Sugiyama et al., 2008). Those relationships have been better studied for terrestrial ecosystems. However, constructed wetlands, often irrigated with wastewater with high COD or BOD loading, are different from both natural and disturbed terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, understandi ...
... microbial groups (Sugiyama et al., 2008). Those relationships have been better studied for terrestrial ecosystems. However, constructed wetlands, often irrigated with wastewater with high COD or BOD loading, are different from both natural and disturbed terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, understandi ...
1 - Home
... 1.1.1The importance of diversity for life Risk-cover for life Londo (1997) considered diversity as a risk-cover for life. In the diversity of life there was always a species to survive or within a species a specimen that survived. Survival of the fittest presupposes diversity from which can be ‘chos ...
... 1.1.1The importance of diversity for life Risk-cover for life Londo (1997) considered diversity as a risk-cover for life. In the diversity of life there was always a species to survive or within a species a specimen that survived. Survival of the fittest presupposes diversity from which can be ‘chos ...
Society for Conservation Biology The Wildlife Society
... for invasive feral cats on the refuges include removal by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service through live trapping, transferring the cats to animal control shelters, and “under no circumstances will cats be allowed to be re-released on or near Refuge lands in the Florida Keys national wildlife refuges ...
... for invasive feral cats on the refuges include removal by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service through live trapping, transferring the cats to animal control shelters, and “under no circumstances will cats be allowed to be re-released on or near Refuge lands in the Florida Keys national wildlife refuges ...
Determinants of Species Richness in the Park Grass Experiment
... The Park Grass Experiment (PGE), begun at Rothamsted in 1856 and still running, affords a unique opportunity to test for the determinants of species richness. In this article, we use new data from 1991 to 2000 to address the question, Why do some plots support 44 species in equilibrium while others ...
... The Park Grass Experiment (PGE), begun at Rothamsted in 1856 and still running, affords a unique opportunity to test for the determinants of species richness. In this article, we use new data from 1991 to 2000 to address the question, Why do some plots support 44 species in equilibrium while others ...
Population density of North American elk
... Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA ...
... Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA ...
Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species
... in the given system when subject to perturbations in species biomass. Following Case and Casten (1979), the dynamical system of Eq. 1 does not have alternative stable states under a very large range of assumptions on its parameter values. It has been shown that for such dynamical systems, we can con ...
... in the given system when subject to perturbations in species biomass. Following Case and Casten (1979), the dynamical system of Eq. 1 does not have alternative stable states under a very large range of assumptions on its parameter values. It has been shown that for such dynamical systems, we can con ...
Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
Biodiversity effects on productivity and stability of marine macroalgal
... On the other hand, facilitation or partitioning of resources among species might be more common where resources are limited (Brooker and Callaghan 1998, Hooper et al. 2005), increasing complementarity effects. Studies that have crossed resource supply with species richness have so far provided spars ...
... On the other hand, facilitation or partitioning of resources among species might be more common where resources are limited (Brooker and Callaghan 1998, Hooper et al. 2005), increasing complementarity effects. Studies that have crossed resource supply with species richness have so far provided spars ...
Assessing the role of sexual selection in adaptive radiation of the
... (Fig. 2; Gaston & Jones 1998). The white facial plumes are divided into three distinct bilaterally symmetrical tracts: one tract extends from the base of the bill upward and backward (super-orbital plumes, ca. 31 mm length), one tract extends from the base of the bill downwards and backward (sub-orb ...
... (Fig. 2; Gaston & Jones 1998). The white facial plumes are divided into three distinct bilaterally symmetrical tracts: one tract extends from the base of the bill upward and backward (super-orbital plumes, ca. 31 mm length), one tract extends from the base of the bill downwards and backward (sub-orb ...
108. Leong, W. and Pawlik, J.R. 2011
... 1. Introduction Sponges are dominant members of the benthic sessile community on Caribbean coral reefs (Targett and Schmahl, 1984; Aronson et al., 2002; Maliao et al., 2008). Like all living organisms, sponges allocate available resources to physiological functions such as somatic growth and reprodu ...
... 1. Introduction Sponges are dominant members of the benthic sessile community on Caribbean coral reefs (Targett and Schmahl, 1984; Aronson et al., 2002; Maliao et al., 2008). Like all living organisms, sponges allocate available resources to physiological functions such as somatic growth and reprodu ...
Plant Community Development of Isle Royale`s
... moisture regimes (reviewed by Bhattie et al. 2000). These changes are mediated mainly by vegetation, both pre- and post-canopy removal (e.g. loss of evapotranspiration from canopy trees). In general, canopy removal tends to increase soil moisture, particularly after high precipitation events, but so ...
... moisture regimes (reviewed by Bhattie et al. 2000). These changes are mediated mainly by vegetation, both pre- and post-canopy removal (e.g. loss of evapotranspiration from canopy trees). In general, canopy removal tends to increase soil moisture, particularly after high precipitation events, but so ...
Alien Species - Wadden Sea Secretariat
... strictly controlling the introduction of, or controlling or eliminating, already introduced exotic species.” Article V.5.e of this Convention states that Contracting Parties should protect “habitats [of migratory species] from disturbances, including strict control of the introduction of, or control ...
... strictly controlling the introduction of, or controlling or eliminating, already introduced exotic species.” Article V.5.e of this Convention states that Contracting Parties should protect “habitats [of migratory species] from disturbances, including strict control of the introduction of, or control ...
does local competition increase the coexistence of species in
... for a large number of species (but see Wootton 2001, Dunstan and Johnson 2005). The communities for which intransitive competition has been identified are largely characterized by sessile individuals and local interactions. While some evidence for hierarchical competition among phytoplankton species ...
... for a large number of species (but see Wootton 2001, Dunstan and Johnson 2005). The communities for which intransitive competition has been identified are largely characterized by sessile individuals and local interactions. While some evidence for hierarchical competition among phytoplankton species ...
Linking invasive exotic vertebrates and their ecosystem impacts in
... Tierra del Fuego Archipelago (TDF) via an exhaustive literature review and new data to evaluate ecosystem impact mechanisms and provide management recommendations. To date, 24 exotic vertebrates have naturalized in TDF, outnumbering natives nearly 2:1, with the North American beaver (Castor canadens ...
... Tierra del Fuego Archipelago (TDF) via an exhaustive literature review and new data to evaluate ecosystem impact mechanisms and provide management recommendations. To date, 24 exotic vertebrates have naturalized in TDF, outnumbering natives nearly 2:1, with the North American beaver (Castor canadens ...
Wildlife - Manitoba Forestry Association
... Wildlife is defined as animals that are undomesticated and most commonly free-living. They include more than just the mammals and birds living in a wilderness area. Every form of virus, soil organisms, insect, no matter where it lives, is a wild species. The basic habitat needs of food, water, cover ...
... Wildlife is defined as animals that are undomesticated and most commonly free-living. They include more than just the mammals and birds living in a wilderness area. Every form of virus, soil organisms, insect, no matter where it lives, is a wild species. The basic habitat needs of food, water, cover ...
Confessions of a Gall Hunter by Ron Russo
... oddly shaped galls found anywhere in the world. The ur- California and Other Western States (University of California Press, 2007), among chin galls that I originally saw in 1969 remain among the other field guides. To date he has discovmost flamboyant of all. Yet they represent only the “tip of ere ...
... oddly shaped galls found anywhere in the world. The ur- California and Other Western States (University of California Press, 2007), among chin galls that I originally saw in 1969 remain among the other field guides. To date he has discovmost flamboyant of all. Yet they represent only the “tip of ere ...
Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit
... Examining species diversity and mechanisms of speciation using coalescent models provides a framework for how regional diversity is accrued, even in well-studied areas such as the Nearctic. It is likely, that gene flow among closely-related species with adjacent distributions may be common. However, ...
... Examining species diversity and mechanisms of speciation using coalescent models provides a framework for how regional diversity is accrued, even in well-studied areas such as the Nearctic. It is likely, that gene flow among closely-related species with adjacent distributions may be common. However, ...
i.e. Mayfield and Levine 2010
... the determinants of coexistence could be explicitly decomposed into niche and competitive ability differences. In the absence of niche differences, the species that is the best competitor, on average, displaces the others. ChessonÕs framework for niche and competitive ability differences is most use ...
... the determinants of coexistence could be explicitly decomposed into niche and competitive ability differences. In the absence of niche differences, the species that is the best competitor, on average, displaces the others. ChessonÕs framework for niche and competitive ability differences is most use ...
Observed Instances of Speciation
... population A). This brings the total crosses we need to make up to 999,000. But don't we also need to make replicates? Having three replicates brings the total to 2,997,000 crosses. In addition, you just can't put a pair of bluegills into a bucket and expect them to mate. In nature, male bluegills e ...
... population A). This brings the total crosses we need to make up to 999,000. But don't we also need to make replicates? Having three replicates brings the total to 2,997,000 crosses. In addition, you just can't put a pair of bluegills into a bucket and expect them to mate. In nature, male bluegills e ...
Does eutrophication-driven evolution change aquatic ecosystems?
... the profundal zone caused demographic extinctions and speciation reversal in the adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.) of central European subalpine lakes [36]. The breakdown of reproductive isolation and resulting gene flow led to losses of genetic, phenotypic and functional diversity in ...
... the profundal zone caused demographic extinctions and speciation reversal in the adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.) of central European subalpine lakes [36]. The breakdown of reproductive isolation and resulting gene flow led to losses of genetic, phenotypic and functional diversity in ...
Keystone Species - Ask A Biologist
... of the biodiversity on Earth--biodiversity being the short term for biological diversity--and they do it in many ways, by conducting field studies to determine how many animals are found in the world and where they are found. They also deal a lot with the impacts on these species, whether or not the ...
... of the biodiversity on Earth--biodiversity being the short term for biological diversity--and they do it in many ways, by conducting field studies to determine how many animals are found in the world and where they are found. They also deal a lot with the impacts on these species, whether or not the ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.