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Effects of Pleistocene environmental changes on the
... Extralimital distributions were a common response of mammals to Pleistocene environmental changes. We recorded extralimital distributions at all hierarchical levels, from order to species. Extralimital distributions that represent regional extinctions included 10 species (Table 2). Although all the ...
... Extralimital distributions were a common response of mammals to Pleistocene environmental changes. We recorded extralimital distributions at all hierarchical levels, from order to species. Extralimital distributions that represent regional extinctions included 10 species (Table 2). Although all the ...
Integrating Different Organizational Levels in Benthic Biodiversity
... the invasion of exotic species (Grosholz, 2002). The all-encompassing climate change presents additional environmental challenges. Ecological processes are put at stake due to the loss of species and changes in community patterns, because they depend on the integrity and continuity of communities an ...
... the invasion of exotic species (Grosholz, 2002). The all-encompassing climate change presents additional environmental challenges. Ecological processes are put at stake due to the loss of species and changes in community patterns, because they depend on the integrity and continuity of communities an ...
Chapter 17 Origin of Species
... • The ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii) occurs from Canada to Southern California with interbreeding between adjacent populations through this range • The Central Valley—a dry, hot lowland area—is divided into a coastal arm and inland arm • However, where these two arms of the species mee ...
... • The ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii) occurs from Canada to Southern California with interbreeding between adjacent populations through this range • The Central Valley—a dry, hot lowland area—is divided into a coastal arm and inland arm • However, where these two arms of the species mee ...
Pfeiffer et al. 2003
... ground in a grain mill to produce a variety of particle sizes ranging from whole seeds to floor. This standard procedure ...
... ground in a grain mill to produce a variety of particle sizes ranging from whole seeds to floor. This standard procedure ...
Ecological impacts of invasive cane toads
... (of >80%) in some large-bodied predator species, due to lethal poisoning when predators attempt to eat toads. However, populations of smaller predator species are unaffected; some individuals are fatally poisoned, but most survive (because small toads contain far less toxin than large adult toads) a ...
... (of >80%) in some large-bodied predator species, due to lethal poisoning when predators attempt to eat toads. However, populations of smaller predator species are unaffected; some individuals are fatally poisoned, but most survive (because small toads contain far less toxin than large adult toads) a ...
The Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas:
... degradation, over exploitation, invasive alien species, and pollution (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). The recognition of these factors and the continuing loss of plant diversity resulted in the development of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The GSPC is the first target dri ...
... degradation, over exploitation, invasive alien species, and pollution (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). The recognition of these factors and the continuing loss of plant diversity resulted in the development of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The GSPC is the first target dri ...
Round 2 for Butterflies - Conserve Wildlife Foundation
... Only migratory populations should be considered for evaluation. Marine Fisheries may have data to contribute. Possible threatened for both blueback and alewife. May need to distinguish anadromous from introduced landlocked populations. Similar to the Blueback herring, numbers of this river herring h ...
... Only migratory populations should be considered for evaluation. Marine Fisheries may have data to contribute. Possible threatened for both blueback and alewife. May need to distinguish anadromous from introduced landlocked populations. Similar to the Blueback herring, numbers of this river herring h ...
The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians
... Collins, 2010). One estimate suggests that the extinction rate of amphibians is more than 200 times the background extinction rate (McCallum, 2007). A higher percentage of amphibians are threatened than birds or mammals (Stuart et al., 2004), with many amphibians on the brink of extinction. Nonnativ ...
... Collins, 2010). One estimate suggests that the extinction rate of amphibians is more than 200 times the background extinction rate (McCallum, 2007). A higher percentage of amphibians are threatened than birds or mammals (Stuart et al., 2004), with many amphibians on the brink of extinction. Nonnativ ...
Predicting native plant succession through woody weeds in Mew
... Predicting the persistence of woody weed species is a crucial, yet little studied, area of invasive plant management. In a world where plant invasions are ever-increasing and, commonly, resources to manage those invasions are decreasing, the ability to determine which species do not need to be activ ...
... Predicting the persistence of woody weed species is a crucial, yet little studied, area of invasive plant management. In a world where plant invasions are ever-increasing and, commonly, resources to manage those invasions are decreasing, the ability to determine which species do not need to be activ ...
Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial
... Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, U.S.A. ...
... Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, U.S.A. ...
University of Groningen Holism and reductionism in biology
... indefinitely. For natural populations this assumption is not very realistic, however, since the growth of natural populations is generally limited by all sorts of factors affecting either birth or death rate or both: most natural resources come in limited supplies, whence at a certain moment competi ...
... indefinitely. For natural populations this assumption is not very realistic, however, since the growth of natural populations is generally limited by all sorts of factors affecting either birth or death rate or both: most natural resources come in limited supplies, whence at a certain moment competi ...
114. Hines, D.E. and Pawlik, J.R. 2012
... analyses into studies of defensive strategies has become standard in recent years (Pawlik 2011). Finally, both behavior and distribution may inXuence the defensive strategies used by non-scleractinian zoantharians. Unlike some sessile organisms, soft-bodied, benthic cnidarians may be able to avoid p ...
... analyses into studies of defensive strategies has become standard in recent years (Pawlik 2011). Finally, both behavior and distribution may inXuence the defensive strategies used by non-scleractinian zoantharians. Unlike some sessile organisms, soft-bodied, benthic cnidarians may be able to avoid p ...
17. A brief history of the Megapodes (Megapodiidae)
... 1995). These are given in Appendix 1, together with dates of description and distributions. Megapodes fall into two major clusters of taxa: the scrubfowls (Megapodius, Eulipoa, Macrocephalon) and brushturkeys (Alectura, Aepypodius, Leipoa, Talegalla) (Figures 2b and 3) (Harris et al. 2014). Three sp ...
... 1995). These are given in Appendix 1, together with dates of description and distributions. Megapodes fall into two major clusters of taxa: the scrubfowls (Megapodius, Eulipoa, Macrocephalon) and brushturkeys (Alectura, Aepypodius, Leipoa, Talegalla) (Figures 2b and 3) (Harris et al. 2014). Three sp ...
Loxodonta africana, African Elephant
... species currently occupies more that 20,000 km² and there are more than 10,000 mature individuals. No quantitative analysis was conducted and therefore criterion E does not apply. Substantial resources would be required to undertake a consensus-driven modelling approach, which would inevitably be ba ...
... species currently occupies more that 20,000 km² and there are more than 10,000 mature individuals. No quantitative analysis was conducted and therefore criterion E does not apply. Substantial resources would be required to undertake a consensus-driven modelling approach, which would inevitably be ba ...
A Community Matrix Analysis of Heliconia Insect Communities
... Syrphidae), Copestylum cf. obscurior Curran (Diptera: Syrphidae), Merosargus sp. (Diptera : Stratiomyiidae), and Beebeomyia sp. (Diperta : Richardiidae). Mosquito larvae were excluded from this study because, unlike the above species, they feed on protozoans (Maguire et al. 1968) and therefore compe ...
... Syrphidae), Copestylum cf. obscurior Curran (Diptera: Syrphidae), Merosargus sp. (Diptera : Stratiomyiidae), and Beebeomyia sp. (Diperta : Richardiidae). Mosquito larvae were excluded from this study because, unlike the above species, they feed on protozoans (Maguire et al. 1968) and therefore compe ...
Effects of pigs in Hawaii - Lake Forest College
... Although excluding feral pigs can have a positive effect on native vegetation (Loh & Tunison 1999, Ickes et al. 2001, Busby et al. 2010), it may also lead to unexpected changes in community structure. In several cases, removal of nonnative ungulates has been shown to release invasive plants from top ...
... Although excluding feral pigs can have a positive effect on native vegetation (Loh & Tunison 1999, Ickes et al. 2001, Busby et al. 2010), it may also lead to unexpected changes in community structure. In several cases, removal of nonnative ungulates has been shown to release invasive plants from top ...
Reef-fish community structure and dynamics
... recruits, residents or transients and as piscivores or non-piscivores. Fish were deemed to be newly settled recruits if I estimated them to be within the smallest 10 mm size class (TL) observed for that species. Minimum size classes used for categorizing individuals of each species a s recruits were ...
... recruits, residents or transients and as piscivores or non-piscivores. Fish were deemed to be newly settled recruits if I estimated them to be within the smallest 10 mm size class (TL) observed for that species. Minimum size classes used for categorizing individuals of each species a s recruits were ...
The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1n5 million species estimate
... addition of the figures given in the generic entries of the Dictionary of the Fungi (Hawksworth et al. 1995), was 72 K, an increase of 3 K from the figure used in 1990. The number of new species described and so far catalogued in the Index of Fungi introduced in the five years 1995–1999 is 5269, alt ...
... addition of the figures given in the generic entries of the Dictionary of the Fungi (Hawksworth et al. 1995), was 72 K, an increase of 3 K from the figure used in 1990. The number of new species described and so far catalogued in the Index of Fungi introduced in the five years 1995–1999 is 5269, alt ...
local vs. regional influences on local diversity in
... outcome of community assembly. For example, communities may become less invadable as the number (Case 1991) or connectance (Pimm 1989) of local species increases. The use of comparisons provides an alternative to experimentation in empirical studies of community saturation. An important limitation o ...
... outcome of community assembly. For example, communities may become less invadable as the number (Case 1991) or connectance (Pimm 1989) of local species increases. The use of comparisons provides an alternative to experimentation in empirical studies of community saturation. An important limitation o ...
Niche filtering, not interspecific resource competition
... the same family; and 0: in different families. The total dispersal ability was calculated ...
... the same family; and 0: in different families. The total dispersal ability was calculated ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... 1. Methods that examine the extent of the difference between two or more areas of α diversity relative to γ diversity, where γ diversity is measured as total species richness. These measures were originally and explicitly proposed as the measures of β diversity. Alpha diversity is averaged across al ...
... 1. Methods that examine the extent of the difference between two or more areas of α diversity relative to γ diversity, where γ diversity is measured as total species richness. These measures were originally and explicitly proposed as the measures of β diversity. Alpha diversity is averaged across al ...
Species, concepts of. In Levin, S.A.
... kind of evolution, ‘‘speciation,’’ which produces a result qualitatively different from within-population evolution, although it may of course involve the same processes. In ecology, the species is a group of individuals within which variation can often be ignored for the purposes of studying local ...
... kind of evolution, ‘‘speciation,’’ which produces a result qualitatively different from within-population evolution, although it may of course involve the same processes. In ecology, the species is a group of individuals within which variation can often be ignored for the purposes of studying local ...
The role of biotic interactions in shaping distributions and realised
... and requires a sound understanding of how the abiotic and biotic environments interact with dispersal processes and history across scales. Biotic interactions and their dynamics influence species’ relationships to climate, and this also has important implications for predicting future distributions ...
... and requires a sound understanding of how the abiotic and biotic environments interact with dispersal processes and history across scales. Biotic interactions and their dynamics influence species’ relationships to climate, and this also has important implications for predicting future distributions ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... also alter dominance structure of the natural assemblage, as exotic species often show an initial dominance (Seabloom et al. 2003, Guo et al. 2006). While the results of observational studies of evenness–invasibility relationships have not been consistent, demonstrating both positive (Robinson et al ...
... also alter dominance structure of the natural assemblage, as exotic species often show an initial dominance (Seabloom et al. 2003, Guo et al. 2006). While the results of observational studies of evenness–invasibility relationships have not been consistent, demonstrating both positive (Robinson et al ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.