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Spatio-temporal community dynamics induced by frequency
... Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 2002; Wu and Ma ...
... Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 2002; Wu and Ma ...
Nonrandom extinction patterns can modulate pest control service
... disturbances purge species from communities in nonrandom orders. The same traits that make for effective service providers may also confer resistance or sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbances, which may either temper or accelerate declines in service provision with species loss. We modeled a comm ...
... disturbances purge species from communities in nonrandom orders. The same traits that make for effective service providers may also confer resistance or sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbances, which may either temper or accelerate declines in service provision with species loss. We modeled a comm ...
From regional to global patterns in vertebrate scavenger
... Food wasted into ecosystems by human activities such as livestock farming, fishing or hunting is rapidly increasing across the planet, but their ecological impacts, although recognized, remain poorly understood (Oro et al., 2013). A large part of these anthropogenic food subsidies are provided as ca ...
... Food wasted into ecosystems by human activities such as livestock farming, fishing or hunting is rapidly increasing across the planet, but their ecological impacts, although recognized, remain poorly understood (Oro et al., 2013). A large part of these anthropogenic food subsidies are provided as ca ...
Frog eat frog: exploring variables influencing
... item in frog populations. However, when frogs did eat other anurans, the mean proportion of amphibian prey was only 2.9% of total prey items (max. 18.5%). Our initial analyses revealed a significant effect of superfamily on predation of anurans, whereby members of Ranoidea and Pipoidea were signific ...
... item in frog populations. However, when frogs did eat other anurans, the mean proportion of amphibian prey was only 2.9% of total prey items (max. 18.5%). Our initial analyses revealed a significant effect of superfamily on predation of anurans, whereby members of Ranoidea and Pipoidea were signific ...
Disruption of ant-seed dispersal mutualisms by the invasive Asian
... The arrival of some invasive species can also disrupt mutualistic interactions such as pollination (Vazquez and Simberloff 2004) or seed dispersal (Traveset and Richardson 2006; Rodriguez-Cabal et al. 2009). Such effects arise, at least in part, because of reductions in the abundance or alterations ...
... The arrival of some invasive species can also disrupt mutualistic interactions such as pollination (Vazquez and Simberloff 2004) or seed dispersal (Traveset and Richardson 2006; Rodriguez-Cabal et al. 2009). Such effects arise, at least in part, because of reductions in the abundance or alterations ...
Behavioural and physiological traits to thermal stress tolerance in
... and risk-averser, foraging very far from their critical thermal limits (CTM). Subordinate are heat-tolerant (thermophilic) and risk-proner, foraging very near their CTM, running a high heat mortality risk, but having better performance at high temperatures. Thermal tolerance allows a far greater dom ...
... and risk-averser, foraging very far from their critical thermal limits (CTM). Subordinate are heat-tolerant (thermophilic) and risk-proner, foraging very near their CTM, running a high heat mortality risk, but having better performance at high temperatures. Thermal tolerance allows a far greater dom ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... structuring communities of species that seldom come near to exhausting their resources? Specifically, our concern in this paper is whether competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may inc ...
... structuring communities of species that seldom come near to exhausting their resources? Specifically, our concern in this paper is whether competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may inc ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on
... then have a strong effect on the abundance and activity of decomposers leading to different rates of decomposition (Melillo et al. 1982; Taylor et al. 1989). We therefore hypothesized (i) that variation in leaf litter decomposition rates within climate regions worldwide would be a function of the tr ...
... then have a strong effect on the abundance and activity of decomposers leading to different rates of decomposition (Melillo et al. 1982; Taylor et al. 1989). We therefore hypothesized (i) that variation in leaf litter decomposition rates within climate regions worldwide would be a function of the tr ...
Olden et al. 2011 rusties
... of ecosystems in their sensitivity to ecological impacts, few studies have assessed ecosystem vulnerability to the entire invasion process, from arrival to establishment and impacts. Our study addresses this challenge by presenting a probabilistic, spatially explicit approach to predicting ecosystem ...
... of ecosystems in their sensitivity to ecological impacts, few studies have assessed ecosystem vulnerability to the entire invasion process, from arrival to establishment and impacts. Our study addresses this challenge by presenting a probabilistic, spatially explicit approach to predicting ecosystem ...
Species diversity and dominance-richness relationships for ground
... The role of competition in structuring ant assemblages is widely debated (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990, CERDÁ & al. 2013). At baits, dominant ants can regulate species richness (PARR & GIBB 2009, WITTMAN & al. 2010), although it is unclear if the relationship consistently scales up to the assemblage le ...
... The role of competition in structuring ant assemblages is widely debated (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990, CERDÁ & al. 2013). At baits, dominant ants can regulate species richness (PARR & GIBB 2009, WITTMAN & al. 2010), although it is unclear if the relationship consistently scales up to the assemblage le ...
Species diversity patterns derived from species
... sampling area. This species–area relationship is one of the most robust generalizations in ecology (Holt et al. 1999) and has been considered for a long time to be a ‘‘genuine law’’ of ecology (Schoener 1976); we will refer to it as the first pattern or generalization of species diversity. Another w ...
... sampling area. This species–area relationship is one of the most robust generalizations in ecology (Holt et al. 1999) and has been considered for a long time to be a ‘‘genuine law’’ of ecology (Schoener 1976); we will refer to it as the first pattern or generalization of species diversity. Another w ...
Edge type defines alien plant species invasions along
... Forest edges have been long recognized as the first landscape elements to be invaded by alien plant species in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of forest edge type in invasive species patterns. In the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, disturbance-caused forest ...
... Forest edges have been long recognized as the first landscape elements to be invaded by alien plant species in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of forest edge type in invasive species patterns. In the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, disturbance-caused forest ...
2000 CRC Press LLC - Site de utilizadores
... Pickett and Parker (1994) stated that one of the “pitfalls” of restoration ecology is “the assumption that there is one reference state or system that can inform restoration.” To assume that there is only one ecologically legitimate or ideal system for a site is a trap. However, Aronson et al. (1995 ...
... Pickett and Parker (1994) stated that one of the “pitfalls” of restoration ecology is “the assumption that there is one reference state or system that can inform restoration.” To assume that there is only one ecologically legitimate or ideal system for a site is a trap. However, Aronson et al. (1995 ...
use intensity affects orthopteran communities
... AWMs respectively than the observed value provides the P-value for the significance of the deviation between observed and expected values. Species with significantly smaller observed than expected AWMs were declared as “losers,” and species with significantly higher AWMs than expected were declared ...
... AWMs respectively than the observed value provides the P-value for the significance of the deviation between observed and expected values. Species with significantly smaller observed than expected AWMs were declared as “losers,” and species with significantly higher AWMs than expected were declared ...
Newly rare or newly common: evolutionary
... like biocides and overharvesting, other sources of anthropogenic impacts or natural resource management schemes are likely to have more complex, less predictable selective effects on populations and communities. This unpredictability likely arises for several reasons: (i) selection from an environme ...
... like biocides and overharvesting, other sources of anthropogenic impacts or natural resource management schemes are likely to have more complex, less predictable selective effects on populations and communities. This unpredictability likely arises for several reasons: (i) selection from an environme ...
Roadside habitats: effects on diversity and composition of plant
... We sampled arthropods (beetles, spiders, scorpions, diplopods) with pitfall traps, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in depth, filled with *100 ml of ethylene glycol to prevent predation and decomposition of specimens. In each plot, 12 pitfall traps were buried flush with the ground surface in a 10 9 17 m ...
... We sampled arthropods (beetles, spiders, scorpions, diplopods) with pitfall traps, 10 cm in diameter and 10 cm in depth, filled with *100 ml of ethylene glycol to prevent predation and decomposition of specimens. In each plot, 12 pitfall traps were buried flush with the ground surface in a 10 9 17 m ...
Predicting rates of interspecific interaction from phylogenetic trees
... communities. As a particular example, consider Anolis lizards, perhaps one of the most famous examples of adaptive radiation (Losos 2009). Species interactions among anoles involve, among other things, competition for perch sites (Williams 1972). These ecological interactions, in turn, influence evo ...
... communities. As a particular example, consider Anolis lizards, perhaps one of the most famous examples of adaptive radiation (Losos 2009). Species interactions among anoles involve, among other things, competition for perch sites (Williams 1972). These ecological interactions, in turn, influence evo ...
Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in
... several lines of evidence suggest genetic diversity could indirectly influence composition and functioning by altering the nature of interactions between species. For example, there is now considerable evidence that the nature and intensity of competition between species is genotype-dependent (Turkin ...
... several lines of evidence suggest genetic diversity could indirectly influence composition and functioning by altering the nature of interactions between species. For example, there is now considerable evidence that the nature and intensity of competition between species is genotype-dependent (Turkin ...
Biodiversity as spatial insurance: the effects of habitat fragmentation
... The loss of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes has underscored the importance of viewing communities as ‘open’ structures dependent upon spatial fluxes from the surrounding communities in the region (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Leibold et al. 2004). Although the importance of dispersal for the ma ...
... The loss of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes has underscored the importance of viewing communities as ‘open’ structures dependent upon spatial fluxes from the surrounding communities in the region (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Leibold et al. 2004). Although the importance of dispersal for the ma ...
diel and seasonal variation in species composition and abundance
... 1977; Kikuchi, 1962; 1 966) indicate that many epifaunal invertebrates are more abundant in night collections. In addition, in all of the studies on Thalassia cited above, collecting nets had a mesh size of several millimeters. However, many of the numerically abundant shrimp species that occur in T ...
... 1977; Kikuchi, 1962; 1 966) indicate that many epifaunal invertebrates are more abundant in night collections. In addition, in all of the studies on Thalassia cited above, collecting nets had a mesh size of several millimeters. However, many of the numerically abundant shrimp species that occur in T ...
Bridled Nailtail Wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata)
... south to north-western Victoria, and possibly extending west to eastern South Australia. For over 30 years the species was believed to be extinct until a small population was found on a property in central Queensland. This area - now the Taunton National Park is the site of the only known significan ...
... south to north-western Victoria, and possibly extending west to eastern South Australia. For over 30 years the species was believed to be extinct until a small population was found on a property in central Queensland. This area - now the Taunton National Park is the site of the only known significan ...
Interpreting the `selection effect` of biodiversity on ecosystem function
... understanding of both the additive partition and my new tripartite partition. While neither the additive partition or my new tripartite partition is (or is intended to be) an instance of the complete Price Equation, one of the terms in each partition is intended to correspond to the natural selectio ...
... understanding of both the additive partition and my new tripartite partition. While neither the additive partition or my new tripartite partition is (or is intended to be) an instance of the complete Price Equation, one of the terms in each partition is intended to correspond to the natural selectio ...
Viola, D., E. Mordecai, A. Jaramillo, S. Sistla, L
... approach that allows us to estimate competitive ability and defense across numerous studies. Specifically, we infer competitive ability and resistance to consumers by quantifying species’ responses to experimental resource addition and consumer removal, respectively (Figs. 1 and 2). Because numerous ...
... approach that allows us to estimate competitive ability and defense across numerous studies. Specifically, we infer competitive ability and resistance to consumers by quantifying species’ responses to experimental resource addition and consumer removal, respectively (Figs. 1 and 2). Because numerous ...
Impact of prescribed burning on endophytic insect
... dwellers that can escape the flames may be favored by changes in the plant community brought about by burning (Swengel 2001a; Meyer et al. 2002). On the other hand, less vagile species that inhabit the ‘fuel layer’ of the plant community are highly vulnerable to burning and suffer dramatic reduction ...
... dwellers that can escape the flames may be favored by changes in the plant community brought about by burning (Swengel 2001a; Meyer et al. 2002). On the other hand, less vagile species that inhabit the ‘fuel layer’ of the plant community are highly vulnerable to burning and suffer dramatic reduction ...
Chapter 17 Origin of Species
... • The ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii) occurs from Canada to Southern California with interbreeding between adjacent populations through this range • The Central Valley—a dry, hot lowland area—is divided into a coastal arm and inland arm • However, where these two arms of the species mee ...
... • The ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii) occurs from Canada to Southern California with interbreeding between adjacent populations through this range • The Central Valley—a dry, hot lowland area—is divided into a coastal arm and inland arm • However, where these two arms of the species mee ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.