BIOS 3010: Ecology 2. The effect of grazing herbivores: 3. The effect
... competitively subordinate species and increased species diversity. • Exploiter-mediated coexistence. ...
... competitively subordinate species and increased species diversity. • Exploiter-mediated coexistence. ...
An anatomy of interactions among species in a seasonal world
... measures of species with different ecological roles (McQueen et al. 1986, Mazumder and Havens 1998), iii) studies of phase portraits (Gilpin 1973, Seip 1997). This work is based on the last approach. We simulate the fate of two species systems of the four interaction types in non-seasonal and season ...
... measures of species with different ecological roles (McQueen et al. 1986, Mazumder and Havens 1998), iii) studies of phase portraits (Gilpin 1973, Seip 1997). This work is based on the last approach. We simulate the fate of two species systems of the four interaction types in non-seasonal and season ...
Coexistence, niches and biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning
... explanation for the enhanced performance of mixtures is via competitive dominance of high-yielding species. If we assume a zero-sum game of resource competition, then the dominance of productive species will come at a direct cost to their weaker opponents. Furthermore, if the productive species are ...
... explanation for the enhanced performance of mixtures is via competitive dominance of high-yielding species. If we assume a zero-sum game of resource competition, then the dominance of productive species will come at a direct cost to their weaker opponents. Furthermore, if the productive species are ...
Elevated carbon dioxide is predicted to promote model
... two alternative theories for competition in our model, so that our conclusions would not be contingent on the choice of the theory. Firstly, we implemented “resource use” theory (Tilman 1982), which predicts that the species that can reduce the monoculture soil nutrient availability to the lowest le ...
... two alternative theories for competition in our model, so that our conclusions would not be contingent on the choice of the theory. Firstly, we implemented “resource use” theory (Tilman 1982), which predicts that the species that can reduce the monoculture soil nutrient availability to the lowest le ...
Read full study - Center for Watershed Sciences
... 10,000 and 20,000 freshwater species are thought to be extinct or imperiled by human activities [1, 3], with freshwater species at higher risk of extinction than their terrestrial counterparts [4]. In North America, extinction rates for freshwater species are four to five times greater than those fo ...
... 10,000 and 20,000 freshwater species are thought to be extinct or imperiled by human activities [1, 3], with freshwater species at higher risk of extinction than their terrestrial counterparts [4]. In North America, extinction rates for freshwater species are four to five times greater than those fo ...
Contrasts in Social Behavior between Central American Cichlid
... In contrast to the cichlids, the feeding biology of adult surgeon fishes is relatively well known, at least for the species that occur in Hawaii (Jones, 1968). The planktonic larvae are presumably carnivorous. But as soon as they settle to the reef and metamorphose, most become herbivorous. As they ...
... In contrast to the cichlids, the feeding biology of adult surgeon fishes is relatively well known, at least for the species that occur in Hawaii (Jones, 1968). The planktonic larvae are presumably carnivorous. But as soon as they settle to the reef and metamorphose, most become herbivorous. As they ...
THE EFFCT OF DISTANCE FROM EDGE ON THE DENSITY AND
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate
... addition of the figures given in the generic entries of the Dictionaryof the Fungi (Hawksworth et al. 1995), was 72 K. an increaseof 3 K from the figure used in 1990. The number of new species described and so far catalogued in the Index of Fungi introduced in the five years 1995-1999 is 5269, altho ...
... addition of the figures given in the generic entries of the Dictionaryof the Fungi (Hawksworth et al. 1995), was 72 K. an increaseof 3 K from the figure used in 1990. The number of new species described and so far catalogued in the Index of Fungi introduced in the five years 1995-1999 is 5269, altho ...
Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras
... Abstract. Urban areas are among the most heavily managed landscapes in the world, yet they harbor a remarkable richness of species. Private yards are common habitats in urban areas and are places where cultivated species manage to escape cultivation and become part of the spontaneous species pool. Y ...
... Abstract. Urban areas are among the most heavily managed landscapes in the world, yet they harbor a remarkable richness of species. Private yards are common habitats in urban areas and are places where cultivated species manage to escape cultivation and become part of the spontaneous species pool. Y ...
Minireview: The importance of benthic
... fecal pellets probably have a greater settling velocity than do the eggs alone. In addition, eggs may be transported to other locations depending on how long it takes to pass through the digestive system of predators and the mobility of the predators. Copepod resting eggs contain organic matter in a ...
... fecal pellets probably have a greater settling velocity than do the eggs alone. In addition, eggs may be transported to other locations depending on how long it takes to pass through the digestive system of predators and the mobility of the predators. Copepod resting eggs contain organic matter in a ...
THE EFFCT OF DISTANCE FROM EDGE ON THE DENSITY AND
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
effects of top predator species on direct
... second, called trait-mediated indirect effects, arise when one species (A) modifies the way two other species (B and C) interact by causing changes in the behavior or life history of the intervening species (B) (Abrams 1995, Abrams et al. 1996, Werner and Anholt 1996). Cascading effects arising from ...
... second, called trait-mediated indirect effects, arise when one species (A) modifies the way two other species (B and C) interact by causing changes in the behavior or life history of the intervening species (B) (Abrams 1995, Abrams et al. 1996, Werner and Anholt 1996). Cascading effects arising from ...
Oral Presentation Abstracts
... ants, Formica subintegra and F. pergandei, both parasitize a locally abundant mound-nesting ant species, F. glacialis. Since 2008, over 1000 nest locations of F. glacialis have been mapped in this site, with approximately half of these nests representing currently active colonies. Over a 7-year-peri ...
... ants, Formica subintegra and F. pergandei, both parasitize a locally abundant mound-nesting ant species, F. glacialis. Since 2008, over 1000 nest locations of F. glacialis have been mapped in this site, with approximately half of these nests representing currently active colonies. Over a 7-year-peri ...
Community 1 A
... • Pathogens can have dramatic effects on communities – For example, coral reef communities are being decimated by white-band disease ...
... • Pathogens can have dramatic effects on communities – For example, coral reef communities are being decimated by white-band disease ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... work has pointed out an important issue that needs to be considered when using that approach, but which Villéger et al. (2008) have not mentioned: what should we do if PCoA returns negative eigenvalues? Indeed, some distance matrices will not allow the distance relationships among the objects to be ...
... work has pointed out an important issue that needs to be considered when using that approach, but which Villéger et al. (2008) have not mentioned: what should we do if PCoA returns negative eigenvalues? Indeed, some distance matrices will not allow the distance relationships among the objects to be ...
Frentz Reef 2013 Fine Scale Rocky Shore Monitoring
... habitat is likely to result in a cascade of related effects. For example, canopy loss will increase heat stress, desiccation of understory species, and wave exposure, likely resulting in a simplified cover dominated by resilient species e.g. coralline algae, which in turn may preclude the re-establi ...
... habitat is likely to result in a cascade of related effects. For example, canopy loss will increase heat stress, desiccation of understory species, and wave exposure, likely resulting in a simplified cover dominated by resilient species e.g. coralline algae, which in turn may preclude the re-establi ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... for grazing, a reduction in forage and water available to wild herbivores, a greater risk of disease transmission from domestic to wild species (32), and increased methane emissions (31). In central Asia, the expansion of goat grazing for cashmere wool production for international export has reduced ...
... for grazing, a reduction in forage and water available to wild herbivores, a greater risk of disease transmission from domestic to wild species (32), and increased methane emissions (31). In central Asia, the expansion of goat grazing for cashmere wool production for international export has reduced ...
vascular flora of drainage ditches in forest areas of the polesie
... Since 1975 the topic of adverse changes taking place in the plant cover of the area impacted by the canal has been raised more and more frequently in scientific publications (C h m i e l e w s k i , 1986). Since that time numerous studies have been undertaken and carried out, designed to get to know ...
... Since 1975 the topic of adverse changes taking place in the plant cover of the area impacted by the canal has been raised more and more frequently in scientific publications (C h m i e l e w s k i , 1986). Since that time numerous studies have been undertaken and carried out, designed to get to know ...
Abundance, Diversity, and Activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
... (Machesky 1995). Because of the large scale at which the B.t. pesticide is currently used and possible wide application of Gypchek in the future, it is a concern that these pesticides may have nontarget effects. Bacillus thuringiensis can affect ants indirectly through increasing or decreasing food ...
... (Machesky 1995). Because of the large scale at which the B.t. pesticide is currently used and possible wide application of Gypchek in the future, it is a concern that these pesticides may have nontarget effects. Bacillus thuringiensis can affect ants indirectly through increasing or decreasing food ...
Species longevity in North American fossil
... paleontologists who argue that the species is the only biologically natural unit in the biota and regard genera as relatively poor proxies for true species diversity (see review of the topic in Cracraft 1989). It is well known that there are many higher-level taxa (e.g. the families of fossil mammal ...
... paleontologists who argue that the species is the only biologically natural unit in the biota and regard genera as relatively poor proxies for true species diversity (see review of the topic in Cracraft 1989). It is well known that there are many higher-level taxa (e.g. the families of fossil mammal ...
Phylogenetic limiting similarity and competitive exclusion
... opposite pattern of phylogenetic overdispersion, phylogenetic clustering, has also been frequently reported for natural communities (Cavender-Bares et al. 2009; Vamosi et al. 2009). Therefore, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on competition based on patterns of phylogenetic dispersion ...
... opposite pattern of phylogenetic overdispersion, phylogenetic clustering, has also been frequently reported for natural communities (Cavender-Bares et al. 2009; Vamosi et al. 2009). Therefore, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on competition based on patterns of phylogenetic dispersion ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... Interest in spatial scale as it affects latitudinal gradients of species richness mostly has revolved around the use of quadrats or bands of various sizes and dimensions to assess gradients of species richness (McCoy and Connor 1980, Willig and Selcer 1989, Willig and Sandlin 1991, Anderson and Marc ...
... Interest in spatial scale as it affects latitudinal gradients of species richness mostly has revolved around the use of quadrats or bands of various sizes and dimensions to assess gradients of species richness (McCoy and Connor 1980, Willig and Selcer 1989, Willig and Sandlin 1991, Anderson and Marc ...
Select your Weed Species
... 4. Adding a Harvest Event Open the Add Harvest Event and enter the date and the crop to be harvested. The Wizard will predict the achieved yield with weeds by estimating how weed competition reduces the potential yield without weeds. There are several options for what this potential yield is based ...
... 4. Adding a Harvest Event Open the Add Harvest Event and enter the date and the crop to be harvested. The Wizard will predict the achieved yield with weeds by estimating how weed competition reduces the potential yield without weeds. There are several options for what this potential yield is based ...
Sterling, Bynum, et al. Why Should You Care About Biologic…
... organizational levels (e.g. genes, organisms, populations, species, communities of species, ecoystems, landscapes, etc.). Other scientists think the definition should also encompass the complex interconnections that exist between and within these levels. For the purposes of this paper, we define bio ...
... organizational levels (e.g. genes, organisms, populations, species, communities of species, ecoystems, landscapes, etc.). Other scientists think the definition should also encompass the complex interconnections that exist between and within these levels. For the purposes of this paper, we define bio ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.