Biological characterisation of the emerged highly pathogenic avian
... as early as 2 days after administration of the antiviral drug. Further assessment of the fitness of drug-resistant viruses is urgently needed. In summary, although the highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) virus was thought to cause higher risk in poultry than the low-pathogenic virus, our study, espe ...
... as early as 2 days after administration of the antiviral drug. Further assessment of the fitness of drug-resistant viruses is urgently needed. In summary, although the highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) virus was thought to cause higher risk in poultry than the low-pathogenic virus, our study, espe ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... most nerve processes grow along the ventral cord of C. elegans when it is only around 100 microns long, a tenth of its final length. However some changes in overall structure do occur by intercalary insertion; an example is the conversion of an initially bipolar cell to one that is pseudo-monopolar, ...
... most nerve processes grow along the ventral cord of C. elegans when it is only around 100 microns long, a tenth of its final length. However some changes in overall structure do occur by intercalary insertion; an example is the conversion of an initially bipolar cell to one that is pseudo-monopolar, ...
Week 3 – Day 1
... F) Between every phosphatesugar pair G) Between the eight sugarbase pairs H) Between the four nitrogenous base pairs J) Between any two chemical ...
... F) Between every phosphatesugar pair G) Between the eight sugarbase pairs H) Between the four nitrogenous base pairs J) Between any two chemical ...
Revealing Past Memories: Proactive Interference
... Memories of events that occur often are sensitive to interference from memories of similar events. Proactive interference plays an important and often unexamined role in memory testing for spatially and temporally unique events (“episodes”). Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) treatment in humans an ...
... Memories of events that occur often are sensitive to interference from memories of similar events. Proactive interference plays an important and often unexamined role in memory testing for spatially and temporally unique events (“episodes”). Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) treatment in humans an ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... Axons and dendrites of neurons differ in the polarity orientation of their microtubules. Whereas the polarity orientation of microtubules in axons is uniform, with all plus ends distal, that in dendrites is nonuniform. The mechanisms responsible for establishment and maintenance of microtubule polar ...
... Axons and dendrites of neurons differ in the polarity orientation of their microtubules. Whereas the polarity orientation of microtubules in axons is uniform, with all plus ends distal, that in dendrites is nonuniform. The mechanisms responsible for establishment and maintenance of microtubule polar ...
Input evoked nonlinearities in silicon dendritic circuits
... As mentioned above, the nonlinearity of the dendritic integration can be triggered by temporally synchronous synaptic input patterns. The nonlinearity we discuss in this paper is due to the NMDA channels. The state of these channels are controlled not only by the presence or absence of the agonist ( ...
... As mentioned above, the nonlinearity of the dendritic integration can be triggered by temporally synchronous synaptic input patterns. The nonlinearity we discuss in this paper is due to the NMDA channels. The state of these channels are controlled not only by the presence or absence of the agonist ( ...
32 - Open-mind.net
... where sensory input by constraining the intrinsic functional states specifies, rather than informs, the brain of those properties of external reality that are important for survival. […] That consciousness is generated intrinsically is not difficult to understand when one considers the completeness ...
... where sensory input by constraining the intrinsic functional states specifies, rather than informs, the brain of those properties of external reality that are important for survival. […] That consciousness is generated intrinsically is not difficult to understand when one considers the completeness ...
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating
... sensory SP- and CGRP-containing nerves in the cervix and was designed to determine if the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) could also play a role in cervical function, such as cervical ripening. PACAP has been identifi in nerves in the female genital tract [7,8 ...
... sensory SP- and CGRP-containing nerves in the cervix and was designed to determine if the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) could also play a role in cervical function, such as cervical ripening. PACAP has been identifi in nerves in the female genital tract [7,8 ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Consequently, cilia depend on a unique complex of motor and adaptor proteins (coined intraflagellar transport, IFT) for protein transportation [9]. Large ciliary proteins (with a diameter > 7.9 nm) have to be transported into and out of cilia by the IFT system [7, 10], which is essential for cilium ...
... Consequently, cilia depend on a unique complex of motor and adaptor proteins (coined intraflagellar transport, IFT) for protein transportation [9]. Large ciliary proteins (with a diameter > 7.9 nm) have to be transported into and out of cilia by the IFT system [7, 10], which is essential for cilium ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... TAN, and low-threshold spike (LTS)] and spike waveform (for putative FS cells) as described previously (Goldberg et al. 2010; Goldberg and Fee 2010). For each neuron, the spike width was calculated as the half-width of the average of 50 spike waveform examples. Units with spike widths less than 0.06 ...
... TAN, and low-threshold spike (LTS)] and spike waveform (for putative FS cells) as described previously (Goldberg et al. 2010; Goldberg and Fee 2010). For each neuron, the spike width was calculated as the half-width of the average of 50 spike waveform examples. Units with spike widths less than 0.06 ...
FREE Sample Here
... D) The axons would split and take over the function of the dendrites. E) Because cell bodies also receive signals directly from other neurons, some neural communication would continue to take place. Correct. If functioning of the dendrites were impaired, some neural communication could still take pl ...
... D) The axons would split and take over the function of the dendrites. E) Because cell bodies also receive signals directly from other neurons, some neural communication would continue to take place. Correct. If functioning of the dendrites were impaired, some neural communication could still take pl ...
Placental Transporters Relevant to Drug Distribution across the
... carnitine transporter in the brush-border membrane provides the mechanism for the entry of maternal carnitine into the syncytiotrophoblast, the mechanism responsible for the exit of carnitine across the basal membrane remains unknown. The relevance of the carnitine transporter to drug distribution a ...
... carnitine transporter in the brush-border membrane provides the mechanism for the entry of maternal carnitine into the syncytiotrophoblast, the mechanism responsible for the exit of carnitine across the basal membrane remains unknown. The relevance of the carnitine transporter to drug distribution a ...
FREE Sample Here
... D) The axons would split and take over the function of the dendrites. E) Because cell bodies also receive signals directly from other neurons, some neural communication would continue to take place. Correct. If functioning of the dendrites were impaired, some neural communication could still take pl ...
... D) The axons would split and take over the function of the dendrites. E) Because cell bodies also receive signals directly from other neurons, some neural communication would continue to take place. Correct. If functioning of the dendrites were impaired, some neural communication could still take pl ...
A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway
... that the microtubule-stabilizing function of DVL could be mediated through -catenin. To test this notion, we examined the effect of -catenin on microtubule stability in COS cells. Cells expressing -catenin lose their microtubules after nocodazole treatment (Fig. 3, A–C), even though expression of ...
... that the microtubule-stabilizing function of DVL could be mediated through -catenin. To test this notion, we examined the effect of -catenin on microtubule stability in COS cells. Cells expressing -catenin lose their microtubules after nocodazole treatment (Fig. 3, A–C), even though expression of ...
Biological significance of structural differences between two highly
... in called Uev1D30, would provide insight into whether these subtle differences might come together in three dimensions to constitute a sufficiently distinct surface. The structure of Uev1D30 was solved by molecular replacement using a poly-alanine model of Mms2 (PDB accession number: 1J74). The densi ...
... in called Uev1D30, would provide insight into whether these subtle differences might come together in three dimensions to constitute a sufficiently distinct surface. The structure of Uev1D30 was solved by molecular replacement using a poly-alanine model of Mms2 (PDB accession number: 1J74). The densi ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... Voltage-Gated Sodium and Potassium Conductances Are Calculated From Their Currents The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na+ and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of ...
... Voltage-Gated Sodium and Potassium Conductances Are Calculated From Their Currents The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na+ and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of ...
Document
... A two-component system bacteria common / well-characterized key mechanism protein phosphorylation ...
... A two-component system bacteria common / well-characterized key mechanism protein phosphorylation ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... لرزه، فشار، تماس: احساس تماسی گرمی، سردی: احساس حرارتی احساس درد احساس داخلی) احساس حرکی (حرکات اعضا و راس احساس حشوی معلومات درباره حاالت اعضای داخلی تهیه می کند ...
... لرزه، فشار، تماس: احساس تماسی گرمی، سردی: احساس حرارتی احساس درد احساس داخلی) احساس حرکی (حرکات اعضا و راس احساس حشوی معلومات درباره حاالت اعضای داخلی تهیه می کند ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... groups of CA1 pyramidal cells. We suggest that, in SPW behavioral state, the coherent discharge of a small group of CA3 cells is the primary cause of spiking activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Introduction The CA3 region, with its extensive recurrent collateral system (Ishizuka et al., 1990; Li et a ...
... groups of CA1 pyramidal cells. We suggest that, in SPW behavioral state, the coherent discharge of a small group of CA3 cells is the primary cause of spiking activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Introduction The CA3 region, with its extensive recurrent collateral system (Ishizuka et al., 1990; Li et a ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... the main axis of the basal ganglia (medium spiny neurons, external and internal segments of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulata). The licking and blinking behavior during cue presentation indicated that the monkeys expected the different probabilistic appetitive, neutral and aversive ...
... the main axis of the basal ganglia (medium spiny neurons, external and internal segments of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulata). The licking and blinking behavior during cue presentation indicated that the monkeys expected the different probabilistic appetitive, neutral and aversive ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... GABA, glutamine, glutamate, glucose, and others.7 These attempts have not always been successful due to difficulties in extracting this type of information from spectra with overlapping resonant peaks. Another limitation of current MR spectroscopy methods concerns the difficulty of comparing levels ...
... GABA, glutamine, glutamate, glucose, and others.7 These attempts have not always been successful due to difficulties in extracting this type of information from spectra with overlapping resonant peaks. Another limitation of current MR spectroscopy methods concerns the difficulty of comparing levels ...
Full Article
... and they were manifested by well-defined varicosities apparently lying directly on the apposed neuron. To be considered apposed by an axon, a neuron needed to exhibit only one, well-characterized, axonal varicosity on its soma or one of its dendrites. We inferred the existence of synapses by close a ...
... and they were manifested by well-defined varicosities apparently lying directly on the apposed neuron. To be considered apposed by an axon, a neuron needed to exhibit only one, well-characterized, axonal varicosity on its soma or one of its dendrites. We inferred the existence of synapses by close a ...
REWARD LEARNING: Reinforcement
... 1998; White, 1989). Associationist behaviorists were not radical or atheoretical behaviorists as was Skinner, because they postulated specific psychological processes in order to explain their observations. In this case, the specific process was the strength of the learned association between two pa ...
... 1998; White, 1989). Associationist behaviorists were not radical or atheoretical behaviorists as was Skinner, because they postulated specific psychological processes in order to explain their observations. In this case, the specific process was the strength of the learned association between two pa ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
Contents
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.