Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders (MNDs) have devastating effects. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), for example, is a debilitating and sometimes lethal disease in children. SMA is monogenic, autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation of surviving motor neuron ...
... Neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders (MNDs) have devastating effects. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), for example, is a debilitating and sometimes lethal disease in children. SMA is monogenic, autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation of surviving motor neuron ...
The Cerebellum
... Function: play an important role in control of muscle tone and coordination of muscle movement on the same side of the body ...
... Function: play an important role in control of muscle tone and coordination of muscle movement on the same side of the body ...
Stimulated Release of Exogenous - FADA
... The effect of CAI on the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is much higher (by twofold) than the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which could explain the anticonvulsant activity of the copper complex. Previous publications in our laboratory have shown in vivo the ef ...
... The effect of CAI on the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is much higher (by twofold) than the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which could explain the anticonvulsant activity of the copper complex. Previous publications in our laboratory have shown in vivo the ef ...
Astrocyte Regulation of Blood Flow in the Brain
... hyperemia has been studied intensely. Several mechanisms of glial control of CBF have been proposed and tested. These mechanisms are discussed in the following sections. NEUROVASCULAR COUPLING ...
... hyperemia has been studied intensely. Several mechanisms of glial control of CBF have been proposed and tested. These mechanisms are discussed in the following sections. NEUROVASCULAR COUPLING ...
Neurons
... • Has three overlapping functions • Sensory receptors monitor changes inside and outside the body • Change—a stimulus ...
... • Has three overlapping functions • Sensory receptors monitor changes inside and outside the body • Change—a stimulus ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
The aging brain: The cognitive reserve hypothesis
... is a direct cellular or biochemical relationship between increasing brain size and increasing longevity. Although several physiological explanations have been proposed, none are particularly clear on exactly how encephalization and longevity are directly linked. Physiological models for the link bet ...
... is a direct cellular or biochemical relationship between increasing brain size and increasing longevity. Although several physiological explanations have been proposed, none are particularly clear on exactly how encephalization and longevity are directly linked. Physiological models for the link bet ...
PPT - Leibniz Institute for Age Research
... Phase II: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety. Phase III: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and colle ...
... Phase II: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety. Phase III: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and colle ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
Follow Monty Python's Footsteps: Towards the Holy Grail of Protein Structure Prediction
... For example, this beta strand in CD8 shows this classic pattern: ...
... For example, this beta strand in CD8 shows this classic pattern: ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... mechanism preoptic GABA release is dramatically reduced which causes simultaneous desinhibition of the GnRH neurons. Hence they release their product into the portal vessels simultaneously which is the appropriate signal for the pituitary ganodotrophs. The action of norepinephrine and GABA is most l ...
... mechanism preoptic GABA release is dramatically reduced which causes simultaneous desinhibition of the GnRH neurons. Hence they release their product into the portal vessels simultaneously which is the appropriate signal for the pituitary ganodotrophs. The action of norepinephrine and GABA is most l ...
Pore-Exposed Tyrosine Residues of P
... hydrogen-bonding interactions between propafenone type ligands and selected pore-exposed tyrosine OH groups. Propafenones have been characterized extensively in previous quantitative structure–activity relationship studies and demonstrated to be both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp (Schmid et al., ...
... hydrogen-bonding interactions between propafenone type ligands and selected pore-exposed tyrosine OH groups. Propafenones have been characterized extensively in previous quantitative structure–activity relationship studies and demonstrated to be both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp (Schmid et al., ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... In this chapter we consider how odor and taste stimuli are detected and how they are encoded in patterns of neural signals transmitted to the brain. In recent years much has been learned about the mechanisms of signal detection and transduction in olfactory sensory neurons and taste cells. We shall ...
... In this chapter we consider how odor and taste stimuli are detected and how they are encoded in patterns of neural signals transmitted to the brain. In recent years much has been learned about the mechanisms of signal detection and transduction in olfactory sensory neurons and taste cells. We shall ...
Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat
... application to dopamine5 or to stimulation of substantia nigra or cerebral cortex11,21, to respond with EPSPIPSP sequences to thalamic stimulation27, and to rarely or never exhibit antidromic responses to stimulation of substantia nigra21. Pure excitatory orthodromic responses are, on the other hand ...
... application to dopamine5 or to stimulation of substantia nigra or cerebral cortex11,21, to respond with EPSPIPSP sequences to thalamic stimulation27, and to rarely or never exhibit antidromic responses to stimulation of substantia nigra21. Pure excitatory orthodromic responses are, on the other hand ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tuned, narrowly tuned, or be somewhere in between; and recruitment of OSN types increases with concentration, as OSNs become more broadly tuned at higher concentrations. Olfactory receptor neurons als ...
... most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tuned, narrowly tuned, or be somewhere in between; and recruitment of OSN types increases with concentration, as OSNs become more broadly tuned at higher concentrations. Olfactory receptor neurons als ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... are normally not labeled autonomic, parasympathetic or sympathetic although they form special reflex circuits with the final autonomic pathways (interrupted blue arrows in Fig. 2; for discussion see Jänig, 2006). The sympathetic consist of two populations of neurons in series which are connected synap ...
... are normally not labeled autonomic, parasympathetic or sympathetic although they form special reflex circuits with the final autonomic pathways (interrupted blue arrows in Fig. 2; for discussion see Jänig, 2006). The sympathetic consist of two populations of neurons in series which are connected synap ...
Presumed Apoptosis and Reduced Arcuate Nucleus
... frozen tissue using an ApopTag kit (Intergen, Purchase, NY). This procedure enzymatically labels the DNA 3-OH strand breaks on both single- and doublestranded DNA with unlabeled and digoxigenin-labeled nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (18). The reaction was carried out on 5-µm f ...
... frozen tissue using an ApopTag kit (Intergen, Purchase, NY). This procedure enzymatically labels the DNA 3-OH strand breaks on both single- and doublestranded DNA with unlabeled and digoxigenin-labeled nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (18). The reaction was carried out on 5-µm f ...
05. Motor Pathways 2011.jnt
... Can involve cell body (Central Nervous System) or axon (Peripheral Nervous System) Includes branchial and somatic motor neurons in brain stem nuclei. A. Loss of reflexes, areflexia, and voluntary contraction of the innervated muscle cells. B. Flaccid paralysis -- loss of muscle tone; no resistance t ...
... Can involve cell body (Central Nervous System) or axon (Peripheral Nervous System) Includes branchial and somatic motor neurons in brain stem nuclei. A. Loss of reflexes, areflexia, and voluntary contraction of the innervated muscle cells. B. Flaccid paralysis -- loss of muscle tone; no resistance t ...
Gene Section CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1)
... catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in the neutral or classic pathway for bile acid biosynthesis. Bile acid biosynthesis is the predominant pathway for cholesterol catabolism. The enzyme also 7alpha-hydroxylates 27hydroxycholesterol and other oxysterols (Norlin et al., 2000a, b). Results sup ...
... catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in the neutral or classic pathway for bile acid biosynthesis. Bile acid biosynthesis is the predominant pathway for cholesterol catabolism. The enzyme also 7alpha-hydroxylates 27hydroxycholesterol and other oxysterols (Norlin et al., 2000a, b). Results sup ...
Molecular Docking
... three times (A, B, C). For each one, we have a set of potential solutions that can be generated. Each intermediate level is extended to the next one by adding a new next fragment in all possible configurations. Solutions with a bad score are ...
... three times (A, B, C). For each one, we have a set of potential solutions that can be generated. Each intermediate level is extended to the next one by adding a new next fragment in all possible configurations. Solutions with a bad score are ...
Protein
... Central Fatigue Hypothesis - theory • BCAA and fTRP compete for carrier-mediated transport into the CNS – there TRP is converted to serotonin • Increased ratio of serotonin:dopamine associated with tiredness • In exercise muscle metabolism of BCAAs increases, decreasing plasma BCAA so transporters ...
... Central Fatigue Hypothesis - theory • BCAA and fTRP compete for carrier-mediated transport into the CNS – there TRP is converted to serotonin • Increased ratio of serotonin:dopamine associated with tiredness • In exercise muscle metabolism of BCAAs increases, decreasing plasma BCAA so transporters ...
Evolutionary predictions of binding surfaces and interactions Olivier
... associated with specific functions and compiled, as, for example, in the INTERPRO database [13]. Global sequence homologies can also be identified by these methods or by the related and even more sensitive PSI-BLAST search [14,15], thereby suggesting putative functions and functional sites, by analo ...
... associated with specific functions and compiled, as, for example, in the INTERPRO database [13]. Global sequence homologies can also be identified by these methods or by the related and even more sensitive PSI-BLAST search [14,15], thereby suggesting putative functions and functional sites, by analo ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... a new therapeutic use of GnRH analogs [15]. Extrapituitary GnRHR share the same mRNA sequence and protein molecular size with the pituitary receptor [16,17] although some of them, particularly those present in peripheral organs, may show a different pharmacological profile, leaving the assessment of ...
... a new therapeutic use of GnRH analogs [15]. Extrapituitary GnRHR share the same mRNA sequence and protein molecular size with the pituitary receptor [16,17] although some of them, particularly those present in peripheral organs, may show a different pharmacological profile, leaving the assessment of ...
Chapter 28: Nervous
... 28.4 A nerve signal begins as a change in the membrane potential • A stimulus alters the permeability of a portion of the plasma membrane – Ions pass through the plasma membrane, changing the membrane’s voltage – It causes a nerve signal to be generated ...
... 28.4 A nerve signal begins as a change in the membrane potential • A stimulus alters the permeability of a portion of the plasma membrane – Ions pass through the plasma membrane, changing the membrane’s voltage – It causes a nerve signal to be generated ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.