Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
... at the moment they are needed from the interaction of large numbers of much simpler elements, all working in concert with one another. Schemata are not explicit entities, but rather are implicit in our knowledge and are created by the very environment that they are trying to interpret as it is inter ...
... at the moment they are needed from the interaction of large numbers of much simpler elements, all working in concert with one another. Schemata are not explicit entities, but rather are implicit in our knowledge and are created by the very environment that they are trying to interpret as it is inter ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... other animals operate similarly—so similarly that you could not distinguish between small samples of brain tissue from a human and a monkey. This similarity allows researchers to study relatively simple animals, such as squids and sea slugs, to discover how our neural systems operate. It allows them ...
... other animals operate similarly—so similarly that you could not distinguish between small samples of brain tissue from a human and a monkey. This similarity allows researchers to study relatively simple animals, such as squids and sea slugs, to discover how our neural systems operate. It allows them ...
Organization of Motor Systems
... but not those driven by visual system • Static responses – modifications of posture in response to the needs of a particular situation – ...
... but not those driven by visual system • Static responses – modifications of posture in response to the needs of a particular situation – ...
Recognizing metal and acid radical ion
... function for carrying and transferring oxygen through blood, a fundamental life process of all vertebrates (except for the fish family channichthyidae) and some of invertebrates (Hsia, 1998); the binding of metal Zn2þ ions with nucleases and transcription factors plays a critical structural role in ...
... function for carrying and transferring oxygen through blood, a fundamental life process of all vertebrates (except for the fish family channichthyidae) and some of invertebrates (Hsia, 1998); the binding of metal Zn2þ ions with nucleases and transcription factors plays a critical structural role in ...
thalamus
... the cerebral cortex. Provides crude awareness of sensation. Plays a role in arousal and alertness. Plays a role in complex reflex movements. ...
... the cerebral cortex. Provides crude awareness of sensation. Plays a role in arousal and alertness. Plays a role in complex reflex movements. ...
The brain timewise: how timing shapes and supports brain function
... cerebellum and basal ganglia; for example, bradykinesia (slowed-down movements) in Parkinson’s disease is associated with changes in dopamine-dependent rhythms covering a wide frequency range [20]. Timing deficits have been much discussed and debated in dyslexia because the subjects are often slow i ...
... cerebellum and basal ganglia; for example, bradykinesia (slowed-down movements) in Parkinson’s disease is associated with changes in dopamine-dependent rhythms covering a wide frequency range [20]. Timing deficits have been much discussed and debated in dyslexia because the subjects are often slow i ...
Robo1 Regulates the Migration and Laminar Distribution of Upper
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... Systemic and integrative psychophysiology. Fields of research in systemic psychophysiology. Sustaining organism homeostasis. Correlation between behavioral activity and reactivity, respondent and operant behaviour. Result as a factor of system formation. Purposeful nature of behaviour. PART 2. MORPH ...
... Systemic and integrative psychophysiology. Fields of research in systemic psychophysiology. Sustaining organism homeostasis. Correlation between behavioral activity and reactivity, respondent and operant behaviour. Result as a factor of system formation. Purposeful nature of behaviour. PART 2. MORPH ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... the credit assignment problem on the synaptic level. This experiment is motivated by the in vivo monkey experiment of Ahissar et al. (1992). The experiment might look artificial in the context of animal learning, but it explains the mechanism responsible for reinforcement of more complicated spiking ...
... the credit assignment problem on the synaptic level. This experiment is motivated by the in vivo monkey experiment of Ahissar et al. (1992). The experiment might look artificial in the context of animal learning, but it explains the mechanism responsible for reinforcement of more complicated spiking ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... Systemic and integrative psychophysiology. Fields of research in systemic psychophysiology. Sustaining organism homeostasis. Correlation between behavioral activity and reactivity, respondent and operant behaviour. Result as a factor of system formation. Purposeful nature of behaviour. PART 2. MORPH ...
... Systemic and integrative psychophysiology. Fields of research in systemic psychophysiology. Sustaining organism homeostasis. Correlation between behavioral activity and reactivity, respondent and operant behaviour. Result as a factor of system formation. Purposeful nature of behaviour. PART 2. MORPH ...
A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing
... FIG. 3. Recurrency and fixed synaptic ratios contribute to the lack of convergence. A: average number of spikes per cell (not Ai) over 2,000 training trials, in networks in which each neurons received 1 (black), 2 (red), or 4 (blue) from other excitatory neurons. With nEx 3 Ex ⫽ 1, synaptic scaling ...
... FIG. 3. Recurrency and fixed synaptic ratios contribute to the lack of convergence. A: average number of spikes per cell (not Ai) over 2,000 training trials, in networks in which each neurons received 1 (black), 2 (red), or 4 (blue) from other excitatory neurons. With nEx 3 Ex ⫽ 1, synaptic scaling ...
Motor System I: The Pyramidal Tract
... Corticobulbar fibers on one side of the brain are distributed bilaterally to much of the above nuclei, except that V and XII receive more crossed than uncrossed PT fibers. Corticobulbar innervation of motor VII is as follow: 1) dorsal ½ of VII receives bilateral innervation; 2) ventral ½ of VII is i ...
... Corticobulbar fibers on one side of the brain are distributed bilaterally to much of the above nuclei, except that V and XII receive more crossed than uncrossed PT fibers. Corticobulbar innervation of motor VII is as follow: 1) dorsal ½ of VII receives bilateral innervation; 2) ventral ½ of VII is i ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... viruses. Dual-infected neurons were predominantly located in the magnocellular part of the MRF, but were absent from both the dorsal and ventral respiratory cell groups. These data suggest that coactivation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles during behaviors such as emesis and some postural adjus ...
... viruses. Dual-infected neurons were predominantly located in the magnocellular part of the MRF, but were absent from both the dorsal and ventral respiratory cell groups. These data suggest that coactivation of inspiratory and expiratory muscles during behaviors such as emesis and some postural adjus ...
Notes on EMF affecting melatonin via nitric oxide
... Nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule, diffusible and therefore ubiquitous in the central nervous system. Consequently, nitric oxide or nitric oxide-derived nitrogen oxides must enter into contact with neuromodulators and they can modify these molecules, especially monoamines, and thus change t ...
... Nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule, diffusible and therefore ubiquitous in the central nervous system. Consequently, nitric oxide or nitric oxide-derived nitrogen oxides must enter into contact with neuromodulators and they can modify these molecules, especially monoamines, and thus change t ...
Hyperhidrosis Due to Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient
... superior cerebral peduncle. CONCLUSIONS: Although a rare complication, hypothalamic dysfunction can occur as a stimulation-related side effect of VimDBS. In our patient, DBS possibly resulted in unilateral activation of the anterior hypothalamus, modified afferent thalamic-hypothalamic or efferent s ...
... superior cerebral peduncle. CONCLUSIONS: Although a rare complication, hypothalamic dysfunction can occur as a stimulation-related side effect of VimDBS. In our patient, DBS possibly resulted in unilateral activation of the anterior hypothalamus, modified afferent thalamic-hypothalamic or efferent s ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... temporal cortex. There are fewer cases of agnosia specific for expression. Impairments in the recognition of expression but not identity have been found in patients with cerebral organic brain syndrome 5'~6. This impairment has been related to a disconnection of visual input from affective meaning, ...
... temporal cortex. There are fewer cases of agnosia specific for expression. Impairments in the recognition of expression but not identity have been found in patients with cerebral organic brain syndrome 5'~6. This impairment has been related to a disconnection of visual input from affective meaning, ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... steady-state periods (centre PSTHs). With stimulation frequencies of 5 and 8 Hz (both of which are within the whisking frequency range12), brainstem and lemniscal latencies were also essentially constant (Fig. 2, centre PSTHs and right insets), in agreement with other ®ndings10. However, steady-stat ...
... steady-state periods (centre PSTHs). With stimulation frequencies of 5 and 8 Hz (both of which are within the whisking frequency range12), brainstem and lemniscal latencies were also essentially constant (Fig. 2, centre PSTHs and right insets), in agreement with other ®ndings10. However, steady-stat ...
Transendothelial Transport and Its Role in Therapeutics
... protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. First type of astrocytes occurs in gray matter or specially areas rich in cell bodies, while second type occurs in white matter, that is, area formed mainly of axons. These cells also possess long dendrite like processes that overlap all the brain vess ...
... protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. First type of astrocytes occurs in gray matter or specially areas rich in cell bodies, while second type occurs in white matter, that is, area formed mainly of axons. These cells also possess long dendrite like processes that overlap all the brain vess ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 2. Ask one student to read aloud the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons. 3. Explain that, for many people, just listening to or reading the information in the Biology Brief is not enough to really understand and remember the information. 4. Explain that they will use a manipulative model to h ...
... 2. Ask one student to read aloud the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons. 3. Explain that, for many people, just listening to or reading the information in the Biology Brief is not enough to really understand and remember the information. 4. Explain that they will use a manipulative model to h ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 2. Ask one student to read aloud the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons. 3. Explain that, for many people, just listening to or reading the information in the Biology Brief is not enough to really understand and remember the information. 4. Explain that they will use a manipulative model to h ...
... 2. Ask one student to read aloud the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons. 3. Explain that, for many people, just listening to or reading the information in the Biology Brief is not enough to really understand and remember the information. 4. Explain that they will use a manipulative model to h ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
The Elementary Nervous System Revisited1
... vious decade and would continue to hold neuro-sensory cells and provided a means with little change until the end of his career for exciting the muscles locally, but they (Parker, 1946). The book presents a syn- also developed processes by which they thesis and critique of ideas and experi- communic ...
... vious decade and would continue to hold neuro-sensory cells and provided a means with little change until the end of his career for exciting the muscles locally, but they (Parker, 1946). The book presents a syn- also developed processes by which they thesis and critique of ideas and experi- communic ...
Genetic and Molecular Analyses of Spontaneous Mutants of Human
... measuring the effect of drug concentration on plaque titer (Fig. 2). Under the conditions of the assay (legend to Fig. 2), the inhibitory effect of the compound against wild-type virus was first detectable at about 0.05 ,ug/ml. With further increases in drug concentration, the curve descended rapidl ...
... measuring the effect of drug concentration on plaque titer (Fig. 2). Under the conditions of the assay (legend to Fig. 2), the inhibitory effect of the compound against wild-type virus was first detectable at about 0.05 ,ug/ml. With further increases in drug concentration, the curve descended rapidl ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.