Bird Brain: Evolution
... territories have been found in reptiles. Some similarities between avian and mammalian pallium (i.e., mammalian cortex) include direct projections of sensory visual, auditory, and somatosensory input from the thalamus. The corresponding avian brain regions subserve the same type of sensory informati ...
... territories have been found in reptiles. Some similarities between avian and mammalian pallium (i.e., mammalian cortex) include direct projections of sensory visual, auditory, and somatosensory input from the thalamus. The corresponding avian brain regions subserve the same type of sensory informati ...
Cerebellum Learning objectives At the end of this lecture, the
... Located dorsal to the pons and medulla Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction Programming ballistic movements Acts as comparator for movements Correction of ongoing movements Motor lea ...
... Located dorsal to the pons and medulla Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction Programming ballistic movements Acts as comparator for movements Correction of ongoing movements Motor lea ...
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5, Methods
... determined by flow cytometry with mAbVK9. (C) Microvesicles (MVs, 50g) harvested from the supernatants of MDA-MB-157 cells (MB-MVs) were incubated with HUVECs for 4h and examined for surface Globo-H. (D) Serial dilutions of MB-MVs, GHCer, and fresh medium were probed with mAbVK9. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) ...
... determined by flow cytometry with mAbVK9. (C) Microvesicles (MVs, 50g) harvested from the supernatants of MDA-MB-157 cells (MB-MVs) were incubated with HUVECs for 4h and examined for surface Globo-H. (D) Serial dilutions of MB-MVs, GHCer, and fresh medium were probed with mAbVK9. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DRG neurons [6]. The difference may be due to a higher light intensity used here to affect the substrate. The ...
... The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DRG neurons [6]. The difference may be due to a higher light intensity used here to affect the substrate. The ...
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
... Their somewhat rigid structure, and the fact that they are not encapsulated, causes them to have a sustained response (in the form of action potentials or spikes) to mechanical deflection of the tissue. They are the most sensitive of the four main types of mechanoreceptors to vibrations at low frequ ...
... Their somewhat rigid structure, and the fact that they are not encapsulated, causes them to have a sustained response (in the form of action potentials or spikes) to mechanical deflection of the tissue. They are the most sensitive of the four main types of mechanoreceptors to vibrations at low frequ ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
Histological Rearrangement in the Facial Nerve and Central Nuclei
... z Peripheral nerve injury in the proximal portion of the nerve may induce more severe central degenerative changes. z Perhaps 3 months is not long enough for the proximal portion to regenerate. ...
... z Peripheral nerve injury in the proximal portion of the nerve may induce more severe central degenerative changes. z Perhaps 3 months is not long enough for the proximal portion to regenerate. ...
Role of Slitrk Family Members in
... This situation is particularly well illustrated by the whole spectrum of neurological disorders affecting humans. Thanks to basic research at the gene and protein levels, some genetic causes for certain mental illness have been identified. This thesis focuses on a novel family of proteins termed the ...
... This situation is particularly well illustrated by the whole spectrum of neurological disorders affecting humans. Thanks to basic research at the gene and protein levels, some genetic causes for certain mental illness have been identified. This thesis focuses on a novel family of proteins termed the ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... which are released into extracellular space • Can excite or inhibit neurons it contacts ...
... which are released into extracellular space • Can excite or inhibit neurons it contacts ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... subcortical responses to single tone stimuli in the mustached bat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3489–3492, 1997. Since 1962, physiological data of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons have been controversial: inhibitory, excitatory, or both. An inhibitory effect has been much more frequently ...
... subcortical responses to single tone stimuli in the mustached bat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3489–3492, 1997. Since 1962, physiological data of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons have been controversial: inhibitory, excitatory, or both. An inhibitory effect has been much more frequently ...
Impaired associative learning in schizophrenia: behavioral and
... learning of associations, memorial representations that rely on this hippocampal activity are either not formed, or are formed to inadequate strength (Squire et al. 2004). Thus, memory is inadequately established and is unavailable at the fidelity needed when recall is required. In the human brain, ...
... learning of associations, memorial representations that rely on this hippocampal activity are either not formed, or are formed to inadequate strength (Squire et al. 2004). Thus, memory is inadequately established and is unavailable at the fidelity needed when recall is required. In the human brain, ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
CNS Tumors - Fahd Al-Mulla Molecular Laboratory
... Brain tumours may present clinically in two main ways: Local effects ...
... Brain tumours may present clinically in two main ways: Local effects ...
Reward and Reinforcement I 1. Which of the following statements is
... structures=feel good/euphoria/strong desire E. FALSE cortical part is prefrontal cortex (long way from area 17!!) 5. The opioid peptide system: A. includes enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins B. decreases the intake of palatable foods C. increases anxiety by acting at pain receptors D. when bloc ...
... structures=feel good/euphoria/strong desire E. FALSE cortical part is prefrontal cortex (long way from area 17!!) 5. The opioid peptide system: A. includes enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins B. decreases the intake of palatable foods C. increases anxiety by acting at pain receptors D. when bloc ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... STN-GPe: can oscillate spontaneously, « bad pacemaker » ? ...
... STN-GPe: can oscillate spontaneously, « bad pacemaker » ? ...
The Placebo Effect
... Parkinson’s disease. Expectation plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease as well. Expectation of either good or bad motor performance has been found to modulate the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson patients (25, 26) and this effect is independent of previous conditioning (1 ...
... Parkinson’s disease. Expectation plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease as well. Expectation of either good or bad motor performance has been found to modulate the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson patients (25, 26) and this effect is independent of previous conditioning (1 ...
Sounds of Silence BU scientists are helping a paralyzed man utter his
... neurons here, and there are maybe a billion neurons involved in speech. So we have a very tiny window,” says Guenther. “But we can get him in the ballpark, and with practice he’s able to improve his accuracy.” Guenther and Brumberg are collaborating with researchers at Georgia Tech to refine the dec ...
... neurons here, and there are maybe a billion neurons involved in speech. So we have a very tiny window,” says Guenther. “But we can get him in the ballpark, and with practice he’s able to improve his accuracy.” Guenther and Brumberg are collaborating with researchers at Georgia Tech to refine the dec ...
control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior
... suppressed when co-contraction is desired (ie. for joint stiffness) - Babinski sign extensor thrust reflex (in foot) influenced by corticospinal tract if this is damaged, reflex pattern switched to flexion withdrawal - presynaptic inhibition main mechanism for regulating and switching reflex afferen ...
... suppressed when co-contraction is desired (ie. for joint stiffness) - Babinski sign extensor thrust reflex (in foot) influenced by corticospinal tract if this is damaged, reflex pattern switched to flexion withdrawal - presynaptic inhibition main mechanism for regulating and switching reflex afferen ...
DescendSC10
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
̶ Targets like an antibody ̶ Performs like a small molecule ̶
... Bicycles® bind with high affinity & selectivity akin to antibodies due to the peptide being attached at three points to a chemical scaffold. Bi-cyclisation “locks in” conformations that are productive for target binding and reduces the entropy penalty of binding to a target as compared to less const ...
... Bicycles® bind with high affinity & selectivity akin to antibodies due to the peptide being attached at three points to a chemical scaffold. Bi-cyclisation “locks in” conformations that are productive for target binding and reduces the entropy penalty of binding to a target as compared to less const ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
... to the cut. Paralysis in this case does not mean that the muscles cannot function but that they cannot be controlled by the brain. The spinal cord communicates with the body via the spinal nerves, which are part of the peripheral nervous system (discussed below). Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord t ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
... Convergent data showed that bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections exert complex modulatory influences on nociceptive signaling within the dorsal horn. These neurons are located in the B3 area which comprises the median raphe magnus (RMg) and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) nuclei. Be ...
Warren S. McCulloch: Why the Mind Is in the Head
... becomes entropic coupling between us and the physical world, and our interchange of ideas, entropic coupling among ourselves. Our knowledge of the world, our conversation – yes, even our inventive thought – are then limited by the law that information may not increase on going through brains, or com ...
... becomes entropic coupling between us and the physical world, and our interchange of ideas, entropic coupling among ourselves. Our knowledge of the world, our conversation – yes, even our inventive thought – are then limited by the law that information may not increase on going through brains, or com ...
Reverse engineering the lordosis behavior circuit.
... modules, especially modules that are not adjacent. With this framework, we have carried out refined electrophysiological, neuropharmacological, neuroanatomical, and molecular investigations. Before we apply a reverse-engineering analysis to the extensive database on the modular control of lordosis be ...
... modules, especially modules that are not adjacent. With this framework, we have carried out refined electrophysiological, neuropharmacological, neuroanatomical, and molecular investigations. Before we apply a reverse-engineering analysis to the extensive database on the modular control of lordosis be ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.