The Little Star That Could - Challenger Learning Center
... d) The stars 7) The dwarf planet that is located past the planet Neptune is called: a) Ceres b) Pluto c) Earth d) Jupiter 8) The only planet in the solar system that we know supports life. a) Ceres b) Pluto c) Earth d) Jupiter 9) A natural body visible in the sky especially at night that gives off l ...
... d) The stars 7) The dwarf planet that is located past the planet Neptune is called: a) Ceres b) Pluto c) Earth d) Jupiter 8) The only planet in the solar system that we know supports life. a) Ceres b) Pluto c) Earth d) Jupiter 9) A natural body visible in the sky especially at night that gives off l ...
The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical
... initial deterministic nature of proto-biochemistry makes life a “cosmic imperative” built into the chemistry of the universe, and we should therefore expect life to be common in the universe. Terrestrial life emerged from nonlife approximately four billion years ago (Battistuzzi et al. 2004, Sleep & ...
... initial deterministic nature of proto-biochemistry makes life a “cosmic imperative” built into the chemistry of the universe, and we should therefore expect life to be common in the universe. Terrestrial life emerged from nonlife approximately four billion years ago (Battistuzzi et al. 2004, Sleep & ...
General Astrophysics And Comparative Planetology
... was reduced when Pluto’s icy nature was guessed. Finally the Charon-Pluto eclipses during the late 1980s constrained Pluto’s radius to be much smaller—0.18 Earth radii. Sedna is a recently discovered small body in a highly elliptical orbit; it is currently 90 AU from the Sun. A nondetection of Sedna ...
... was reduced when Pluto’s icy nature was guessed. Finally the Charon-Pluto eclipses during the late 1980s constrained Pluto’s radius to be much smaller—0.18 Earth radii. Sedna is a recently discovered small body in a highly elliptical orbit; it is currently 90 AU from the Sun. A nondetection of Sedna ...
Undiscovered Worlds educators guide
... Until very recently, planets outside our own solar system existed only in our imaginations. Scientists had been hypothesizing about their existence for centuries, but they did not have the technology required for definitive proof. It was not until 1992 that astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale ...
... Until very recently, planets outside our own solar system existed only in our imaginations. Scientists had been hypothesizing about their existence for centuries, but they did not have the technology required for definitive proof. It was not until 1992 that astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale ...
Comet-like tail-formation of exospheres of hot rocky exoplanets
... The stellar age is estimated to be between 1.3 and 2.3 Gyr (Léger et al., 2009). As we show later, the planet rotation is synchronised with the orbital period of only 0.85 days (producing a planetary transit every day). The temperature at the sub-stellar point can be estimated, using the Stefan–Bolt ...
... The stellar age is estimated to be between 1.3 and 2.3 Gyr (Léger et al., 2009). As we show later, the planet rotation is synchronised with the orbital period of only 0.85 days (producing a planetary transit every day). The temperature at the sub-stellar point can be estimated, using the Stefan–Bolt ...
Formation of Giant Planets - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... that are chromospherically quiet, i.e., have inactive photospheres) have planets more massive than Saturn within 0.1 AU. Approximately 7% of Sun-like stars have planets more massive than Jupiter within 3 AU. Planets orbiting interior to ~0.1 AU, a region where tidal circularization timescales are le ...
... that are chromospherically quiet, i.e., have inactive photospheres) have planets more massive than Saturn within 0.1 AU. Approximately 7% of Sun-like stars have planets more massive than Jupiter within 3 AU. Planets orbiting interior to ~0.1 AU, a region where tidal circularization timescales are le ...
Terrestrial planet formation in exoplanetary systems with a giant
... relatively far away from the central star (at 3.3 and beyond 2.1 AU, respectively). This peculiarity makes them possible candidates for harboring terrestrial planets in their inner regions since the external giant planet might not have inhibited planet growth in the neighborhood of the star. Here we ...
... relatively far away from the central star (at 3.3 and beyond 2.1 AU, respectively). This peculiarity makes them possible candidates for harboring terrestrial planets in their inner regions since the external giant planet might not have inhibited planet growth in the neighborhood of the star. Here we ...
On disc driven inward migration of resonantly coupled planets with
... Snellgrove (2001), where the outer protoplanet had insufficient mass to fully open a gap, which resulted in a migration reversal (outward migration) when in resonance with the more massive inner protoplanet. In the case presented here, as both protoplanets are in a cavity, the migration is driven by ...
... Snellgrove (2001), where the outer protoplanet had insufficient mass to fully open a gap, which resulted in a migration reversal (outward migration) when in resonance with the more massive inner protoplanet. In the case presented here, as both protoplanets are in a cavity, the migration is driven by ...
Extrasolar Planets: An Amateur`s Search
... extrasolar planets (Perryman 2000). Other detection methods include positional (astrometric) displacements, gravitational microlensing, and pulsar timing (Perryman 2000). All of these methods are out of reach for the casual astronomer or his equipment; however, professional astronomers today have b ...
... extrasolar planets (Perryman 2000). Other detection methods include positional (astrometric) displacements, gravitational microlensing, and pulsar timing (Perryman 2000). All of these methods are out of reach for the casual astronomer or his equipment; however, professional astronomers today have b ...
Flagship imaging SAG report
... Objective 1: Directly detect terrestrial planets that exist within the habitable zones around nearby stars or, alternatively, observe a large enough sample of nearby systems to show with high confidence that terrestrial planets are not present. Objective 2: Measure or constrain orbital parameters (s ...
... Objective 1: Directly detect terrestrial planets that exist within the habitable zones around nearby stars or, alternatively, observe a large enough sample of nearby systems to show with high confidence that terrestrial planets are not present. Objective 2: Measure or constrain orbital parameters (s ...
A Human-Powered Orrery: Connecting Learners with the Night Sky*
... motions each of the planets around the Sun. For Venus, Earth, and Mars, each circle represents 16 days of orbital motion. Because Mercury moves much faster in its orbit, the circles are separated by 8 day intervals. Use Table 1 below to find where a planet is located on any given date. We use six al ...
... motions each of the planets around the Sun. For Venus, Earth, and Mars, each circle represents 16 days of orbital motion. Because Mercury moves much faster in its orbit, the circles are separated by 8 day intervals. Use Table 1 below to find where a planet is located on any given date. We use six al ...
Exploring Solar Systems Across the Universe
... other planets in the Solar System (e.g., MESSENGER mission to Mercury; top left) help us better understand the properties of other planets, including the Earth (top right), as well as of the whole Solar System. Studies of extrasolar planets (e.g., an artist’s impression of a giant extrasolar planet ...
... other planets in the Solar System (e.g., MESSENGER mission to Mercury; top left) help us better understand the properties of other planets, including the Earth (top right), as well as of the whole Solar System. Studies of extrasolar planets (e.g., an artist’s impression of a giant extrasolar planet ...
Event Booklet - Exoplanets I Conference
... at Kitt Peak National Observatory (the latter which had time allocated through the NN-EXPLORE program). These observations aid the confirmation and characterization of these new exoplanets, many which are smaller than Neptune, orbit cool, nearby stars, and are amenable to detailed atmospheric charac ...
... at Kitt Peak National Observatory (the latter which had time allocated through the NN-EXPLORE program). These observations aid the confirmation and characterization of these new exoplanets, many which are smaller than Neptune, orbit cool, nearby stars, and are amenable to detailed atmospheric charac ...
Planetary Radii Across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar
... We also neglect the ‘‘transit radius’’ effect: the apparent radius of a transiting planet is the radius where the slant optical depth through the planet’s atmosphere reaches unity. The corresponding atmospheric pressure can vary across many orders of magnitude, depending on the wavelength (Hubbard e ...
... We also neglect the ‘‘transit radius’’ effect: the apparent radius of a transiting planet is the radius where the slant optical depth through the planet’s atmosphere reaches unity. The corresponding atmospheric pressure can vary across many orders of magnitude, depending on the wavelength (Hubbard e ...
Eris en Dysnomia
... based on its brightness and distance, suggested that it might be as much as 2000 miles in diameter, making it substantially larger than Pluto, which is only about 1420 miles in diameter; but recent observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (see image below) indicate that an unusually high albedo ...
... based on its brightness and distance, suggested that it might be as much as 2000 miles in diameter, making it substantially larger than Pluto, which is only about 1420 miles in diameter; but recent observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (see image below) indicate that an unusually high albedo ...
Chap1-Introduction - Groupe d`astrophysique de UdeM
... >50% of solar-type stars harbor at least one planet of any mass and with period up to 100 days. The frequency of gas giants is strongly correlated with the host star metallicity. • No such correlation for low-mass (< 15 ME) planets. The mass distribution of Super-Earths and Neptune-mass planet ...
... >50% of solar-type stars harbor at least one planet of any mass and with period up to 100 days. The frequency of gas giants is strongly correlated with the host star metallicity. • No such correlation for low-mass (< 15 ME) planets. The mass distribution of Super-Earths and Neptune-mass planet ...
Atmospheric circulations of terrestrial planets orbiting low
... The primary goal of this study is to follow up on the above previous efforts to examine habitability and atmospheric circulation of M-star planets, focusing on their sensitivities to planetary rotation period. Previous modeling studies have shown that changes in rotation period can cause substantial ...
... The primary goal of this study is to follow up on the above previous efforts to examine habitability and atmospheric circulation of M-star planets, focusing on their sensitivities to planetary rotation period. Previous modeling studies have shown that changes in rotation period can cause substantial ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... systems during their stars’ main sequence lifetimes, our first step was to model the main sequence lifetime of theoretical stars. This allowed us to follow the changes in their total power output i.e. the luminosity L, and in the surface temperature as represented by the effective temperature Te, th ...
... systems during their stars’ main sequence lifetimes, our first step was to model the main sequence lifetime of theoretical stars. This allowed us to follow the changes in their total power output i.e. the luminosity L, and in the surface temperature as represented by the effective temperature Te, th ...
SECTION28.1 Formation of the Solar System
... the heavier box, the center of mass between two orbiting bodies is closer to the more massive body. ...
... the heavier box, the center of mass between two orbiting bodies is closer to the more massive body. ...
Astrophysical Conditions for Planetary Habitability - Max
... HITRAN database by including many more weak absorption lines, including some that extend all the way down to near-UV wavelengths. They furthermore included a new formulation of the water vapor continuum by Paynter and Ramaswamy (2011). This causes the albedo of an H2 O-rich atmosphere to be substant ...
... HITRAN database by including many more weak absorption lines, including some that extend all the way down to near-UV wavelengths. They furthermore included a new formulation of the water vapor continuum by Paynter and Ramaswamy (2011). This causes the albedo of an H2 O-rich atmosphere to be substant ...
Extreme Optics and the Search for Earth-Like Planets
... Consider for a moment how our own Solar System would look if we could step away and look back at it from a distance of 10 parsecs (i.e., 33 light years). Assuming the most favorable configuration, Earth would be displaced 0.1 arcseconds from the Sun (this, by the way, follows immediately from the de ...
... Consider for a moment how our own Solar System would look if we could step away and look back at it from a distance of 10 parsecs (i.e., 33 light years). Assuming the most favorable configuration, Earth would be displaced 0.1 arcseconds from the Sun (this, by the way, follows immediately from the de ...
Primary and secondary eclipse spectroscopy with JWST: exploring
... Methods. We used analytic formula and model data for both the astrophysical scene and the instrument to plot S /N contour maps, while indicating how the S /N scales with the fixed parameters. We systematically compare stellar photon noise-only plots with plots that include detailed instrumental and ...
... Methods. We used analytic formula and model data for both the astrophysical scene and the instrument to plot S /N contour maps, while indicating how the S /N scales with the fixed parameters. We systematically compare stellar photon noise-only plots with plots that include detailed instrumental and ...
The Story of Planet Building
... Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the formation of t ...
... Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the formation of t ...
Planetary Formation - Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita
... the outer solar nebula and lasted only a few thousand years. Once the rotation had passed completely from inner to outer solar nebula, the planets formed (Kaufmann, Planets 11). After the protosun formed, the temperatures in the solar nebula began to drop and materials began to solidify. ...
... the outer solar nebula and lasted only a few thousand years. Once the rotation had passed completely from inner to outer solar nebula, the planets formed (Kaufmann, Planets 11). After the protosun formed, the temperatures in the solar nebula began to drop and materials began to solidify. ...
Origins: Where Are the Aliens?
... lower atmosphere or Earth’s atmosphere). In this activity, students will be studying planetary spectra (in which specific wavelengths of starlight have been absorbed by a planet’s atmosphere). Also note to students that the overhead represents spectra that are mostly in the visible part of the elect ...
... lower atmosphere or Earth’s atmosphere). In this activity, students will be studying planetary spectra (in which specific wavelengths of starlight have been absorbed by a planet’s atmosphere). Also note to students that the overhead represents spectra that are mostly in the visible part of the elect ...
Planet
A planet (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ πλανήτης (astēr planētēs), or πλάνης ἀστήρ (plánēs astēr), meaning ""wandering star"") is an astronomical object orbiting a star, brown dwarf, or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain ""planets"" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community are no longer viewed as such.The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions. Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times, it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations, performed by Galileo Galilei. By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets' orbits were not circular but elliptical. As observational tools improved, astronomers saw that, like Earth, the planets rotated around tilted axes, and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons. Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites.More than a thousand planets around other stars (""extrasolar planets"" or ""exoplanets"") have been discovered in the Milky Way: as of 1 October 2015, 1968 known extrasolar planets in 1248 planetary systems (including 490 multiple planetary systems), ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter. On December 20, 2011, the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, orbiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-20. A 2012 study, analyzing gravitational microlensing data, estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone.