Lecture 7: Extrasolar Planets 01/08/2013 update: 725 exoplanets
... where MJ is the mass of Jupiter, should have almost the same radii (i.e. a flat mass-radius relation). -> Giant extrasolar planets transiting solar-type stars produce transits with a depth of around 1%. Close-in planets are strongly irradiated, so their radii can be (detectably) larger. But this hea ...
... where MJ is the mass of Jupiter, should have almost the same radii (i.e. a flat mass-radius relation). -> Giant extrasolar planets transiting solar-type stars produce transits with a depth of around 1%. Close-in planets are strongly irradiated, so their radii can be (detectably) larger. But this hea ...
habitability - Dr. Jonti Horner
... remains in the core to support ongoing fusion between hydrogen nuclei. As the radiation pressure resulting from that fusion is removed, the core contracts under its own gravity, and heats up. Other fusion reactions occur, not always in the core, and the star swells to become a giant at lower masses ...
... remains in the core to support ongoing fusion between hydrogen nuclei. As the radiation pressure resulting from that fusion is removed, the core contracts under its own gravity, and heats up. Other fusion reactions occur, not always in the core, and the star swells to become a giant at lower masses ...
Are planetary systems flat?
... • planets stay coplanar so long as tilting time longer than precession times due to their mutual gravitational interactions (104 to 3 X 105 yr) • stellar spin does not follow the tilt if tilting time is shorter than precession time of stellar spin due to planets (~3 X 1010 yr) ...
... • planets stay coplanar so long as tilting time longer than precession times due to their mutual gravitational interactions (104 to 3 X 105 yr) • stellar spin does not follow the tilt if tilting time is shorter than precession time of stellar spin due to planets (~3 X 1010 yr) ...
The Solar System - Gordon College English Center
... contains the Sun (which is a star by definition) and eight planets (which Earth is one of them) that orbit the sun regularly. In ancient times, people gazed at the night sky. They observed thousands of spots of light which kept their position and also few dots of light that changed their position. T ...
... contains the Sun (which is a star by definition) and eight planets (which Earth is one of them) that orbit the sun regularly. In ancient times, people gazed at the night sky. They observed thousands of spots of light which kept their position and also few dots of light that changed their position. T ...
Detecting the glint of starlight on the oceans of distant planets
... by water, only a tiny percentage of the ocean surface contributes to the specular term because the probability of waves being oriented properly for sending light in the direction of Earth is small; when the planet is in quadrature phase as in Fig. 3a, the disk-averaged value of pwav is found from th ...
... by water, only a tiny percentage of the ocean surface contributes to the specular term because the probability of waves being oriented properly for sending light in the direction of Earth is small; when the planet is in quadrature phase as in Fig. 3a, the disk-averaged value of pwav is found from th ...
Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool
... Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India. ...
... Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India. ...
The Detection and Characterization of Extrasolar Planets
... measurements can also be used to infer the presence of multiple planets, and indeed, many such systems have been detected [9]. 2.2. The Transit Method The transit method is probably the most obvious of the indirect exoplanet detection methods. It involves simply observing stars and waiting for small ...
... measurements can also be used to infer the presence of multiple planets, and indeed, many such systems have been detected [9]. 2.2. The Transit Method The transit method is probably the most obvious of the indirect exoplanet detection methods. It involves simply observing stars and waiting for small ...
TRAPPIST: TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope
... constrained: (i) the planet-to-star radius ratio; (ii) the orbital inclination; (iii) the stellar limb-darkening coefficients; and (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model lin ...
... constrained: (i) the planet-to-star radius ratio; (ii) the orbital inclination; (iii) the stellar limb-darkening coefficients; and (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model lin ...
paper
... constrained: (i) the planet-to-star radius ratio; (ii) the orbital inclination; (iii) the stellar limb-darkening coefficients; and (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model lin ...
... constrained: (i) the planet-to-star radius ratio; (ii) the orbital inclination; (iii) the stellar limb-darkening coefficients; and (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model lin ...
A Human-Powered Orrery - Astronomical Society of the Pacific
... generally come up are: 1) how “off ” are the planets due to the assumption of circular orbits (generally about the size of one of the circles or less) and 2), since it is assumed that the planet years are an even multiple of 16 days (8 for Mercury), how long is it before you have to correct for this ...
... generally come up are: 1) how “off ” are the planets due to the assumption of circular orbits (generally about the size of one of the circles or less) and 2), since it is assumed that the planet years are an even multiple of 16 days (8 for Mercury), how long is it before you have to correct for this ...
No Slide Title
... billion years) in the Universe are slim – With less heavy elements available terrestrial planets may be smaller and lower in mass than in our solar system – Is there a threshold metallicity for life to start (e.g. ½ solar)? ...
... billion years) in the Universe are slim – With less heavy elements available terrestrial planets may be smaller and lower in mass than in our solar system – Is there a threshold metallicity for life to start (e.g. ½ solar)? ...
Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star
... Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Fumel, A., Magain, P. & Queloz, D. TRAPPIST-UCDTS: a prototype search for habitable planets transiting ultra-cool stars. EPJ Web ...
... Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Fumel, A., Magain, P. & Queloz, D. TRAPPIST-UCDTS: a prototype search for habitable planets transiting ultra-cool stars. EPJ Web ...
PPT Format of Slides
... • Nebular theory of solar system formation: cloud of gas and dust gradually collapsed under its own gravity, spinning faster as it shrank • Condensation theory says dust grains acted as condensation nuclei, beginning formation of larger objects © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Nebular theory of solar system formation: cloud of gas and dust gradually collapsed under its own gravity, spinning faster as it shrank • Condensation theory says dust grains acted as condensation nuclei, beginning formation of larger objects © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 6 The Solar System
... • Nebular theory of solar system formation: cloud of gas and dust gradually collapsed under its own gravity, spinning faster as it shrank • Condensation theory says dust grains acted as condensation nuclei, beginning formation of larger objects © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Nebular theory of solar system formation: cloud of gas and dust gradually collapsed under its own gravity, spinning faster as it shrank • Condensation theory says dust grains acted as condensation nuclei, beginning formation of larger objects © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Exoplanets Properties of the host stars Characterization of the
... – A good knowledge of the properties of the stars hosting exoplanets is fundamental to improve the accuracy of exoplanet measurements – Accurate determination of stellar masses and radii are required to derive masses and radii of the planets detected with the Doppler and transit methods, respectiv ...
... – A good knowledge of the properties of the stars hosting exoplanets is fundamental to improve the accuracy of exoplanet measurements – Accurate determination of stellar masses and radii are required to derive masses and radii of the planets detected with the Doppler and transit methods, respectiv ...
13_Testbank - Lick Observatory
... 7) What do astronomers mean by a "selection effect". Explain why the detection of giant planets in close orbits does not necessarily mean our Solar System is unusual. Answer: A selection effect is a bias in a detection technique. The technique is most sensitive to a certain class of objects and thes ...
... 7) What do astronomers mean by a "selection effect". Explain why the detection of giant planets in close orbits does not necessarily mean our Solar System is unusual. Answer: A selection effect is a bias in a detection technique. The technique is most sensitive to a certain class of objects and thes ...
Planets Orbiting the Sun and Other Stars - Beck-Shop
... being a planet with a moon), is now called a dwarf planet together with Eris and its satellite Dysnomia and other discovered bodies such as Haumea and Makemake (and, perhaps rather surprisingly, Ceres of the asteroids so different in composition and so far away). Eris is the largest body found so far ...
... being a planet with a moon), is now called a dwarf planet together with Eris and its satellite Dysnomia and other discovered bodies such as Haumea and Makemake (and, perhaps rather surprisingly, Ceres of the asteroids so different in composition and so far away). Eris is the largest body found so far ...
Kindergarten Kit Manual - Alberta Science Network
... Activity G – Astronomy: exploring the solar system Background: Our world often seems very large. But our planet, Earth, is actually one of the smaller planets in our solar system. All of our planets orbit the Sun, which is a fairly small star. Stars are not planets as they produce energy by converti ...
... Activity G – Astronomy: exploring the solar system Background: Our world often seems very large. But our planet, Earth, is actually one of the smaller planets in our solar system. All of our planets orbit the Sun, which is a fairly small star. Stars are not planets as they produce energy by converti ...
PLANETS
... Planets are preferentially found around stars with enhanced metal abundance. Cause or effect? High metal abundance could: (a) Reflect a higher abundance in the material which formed the star + protoplanetary disc, making planet formation more likely. (b) Result from the star swallowing planets or pl ...
... Planets are preferentially found around stars with enhanced metal abundance. Cause or effect? High metal abundance could: (a) Reflect a higher abundance in the material which formed the star + protoplanetary disc, making planet formation more likely. (b) Result from the star swallowing planets or pl ...
Pluto and definition of planet
... diameter of 1212 km and orbits close to the Pluto (on distance of 19570 km). Effect of such orbits is synchronized orbiting of Charon with Pluto’s rotation. Due to this phenomenon, observer on Pluto would see Charon standing still on sky. From other parts of Pluto, Charon isn’t visible. Charon’s com ...
... diameter of 1212 km and orbits close to the Pluto (on distance of 19570 km). Effect of such orbits is synchronized orbiting of Charon with Pluto’s rotation. Due to this phenomenon, observer on Pluto would see Charon standing still on sky. From other parts of Pluto, Charon isn’t visible. Charon’s com ...
Other Planetary Systems The New Science of Distant Worlds 13.1
... planetary systems exist. Indeed, the statistics show that planet formation appears to be rather common. The fact that we find giant Jupiter-like planets very close to the stars demonstrates, however, that planets can move considerable distances from their birthplaces as they interact with the protos ...
... planetary systems exist. Indeed, the statistics show that planet formation appears to be rather common. The fact that we find giant Jupiter-like planets very close to the stars demonstrates, however, that planets can move considerable distances from their birthplaces as they interact with the protos ...
Catching Planets in Formation with GMT
... • Substantial mismatch between predicted and observed distribution of exoplanets. • Major uncertainties: • How do gas-giant planets form. • How much do planets migrate. • Are there many habitable (water, etc) planets. ...
... • Substantial mismatch between predicted and observed distribution of exoplanets. • Major uncertainties: • How do gas-giant planets form. • How much do planets migrate. • Are there many habitable (water, etc) planets. ...
Star Classification and its Connection to Exoplanets.
... the pie, so the viewer can see the result: G classified (sun-like) stars have the majority of the exoplanets, at 38%. The second pie chart uses data from the percentage of stars that have planets, so at around 6.6% of a total of around 18%, G stars make up about 37%, again the dominant planet host. ...
... the pie, so the viewer can see the result: G classified (sun-like) stars have the majority of the exoplanets, at 38%. The second pie chart uses data from the percentage of stars that have planets, so at around 6.6% of a total of around 18%, G stars make up about 37%, again the dominant planet host. ...
Exoplanets
... cleared the rotating disc of dense gas, known as the protoplanetary disc, that surrounds a newly formed star. Planets differ in this from dwarf planets (such as Pluto), which do not have enough mass to clear the protoplanetary disc area. ...
... cleared the rotating disc of dense gas, known as the protoplanetary disc, that surrounds a newly formed star. Planets differ in this from dwarf planets (such as Pluto), which do not have enough mass to clear the protoplanetary disc area. ...
6 March 2013 Exoplanets and Where to Find Them Professor
... parts of the disc are inclined at about 5° relative to the outer regions. When first discovered, the disturbances (particularly the clear dust-free gap) were attributed to the presence of one or more exoplanets in the system, and in 2008 infrared images finally detected a point source in this clear ...
... parts of the disc are inclined at about 5° relative to the outer regions. When first discovered, the disturbances (particularly the clear dust-free gap) were attributed to the presence of one or more exoplanets in the system, and in 2008 infrared images finally detected a point source in this clear ...
Planet
A planet (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ πλανήτης (astēr planētēs), or πλάνης ἀστήρ (plánēs astēr), meaning ""wandering star"") is an astronomical object orbiting a star, brown dwarf, or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain ""planets"" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community are no longer viewed as such.The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions. Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times, it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations, performed by Galileo Galilei. By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets' orbits were not circular but elliptical. As observational tools improved, astronomers saw that, like Earth, the planets rotated around tilted axes, and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons. Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites.More than a thousand planets around other stars (""extrasolar planets"" or ""exoplanets"") have been discovered in the Milky Way: as of 1 October 2015, 1968 known extrasolar planets in 1248 planetary systems (including 490 multiple planetary systems), ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter. On December 20, 2011, the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, orbiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-20. A 2012 study, analyzing gravitational microlensing data, estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone.