The Search for Extrasolar Earth-like Planets
... larger, and 40,000 K hotter than the sun and down to 5 percent of the mass, 10 percent of the radius, and 2500 K less hot than the sun. Terrestrial planets orbiting stars different from the sun would have evolved in very different radiation environments compared to the solar system terrestrial plane ...
... larger, and 40,000 K hotter than the sun and down to 5 percent of the mass, 10 percent of the radius, and 2500 K less hot than the sun. Terrestrial planets orbiting stars different from the sun would have evolved in very different radiation environments compared to the solar system terrestrial plane ...
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
... What about the stars themselves? • Surveys began by targeting sun-like stars (spectral types F, G and K) • Now extended to M dwarfs (<1 Msun) and ...
... What about the stars themselves? • Surveys began by targeting sun-like stars (spectral types F, G and K) • Now extended to M dwarfs (<1 Msun) and ...
Detecting Earth Mass Planets with Gravitational
... For a Ðnite size source, we calculate the lens magniÐcation in the image plane where it is given by the sum of the image area weighted by the limb darkened source proÐle assumed to have the form : I(h)/I(0) \ 1 [ 0.6(1 [ cos h). This avoids the magniÐcation singularities on the caustics in the sourc ...
... For a Ðnite size source, we calculate the lens magniÐcation in the image plane where it is given by the sum of the image area weighted by the limb darkened source proÐle assumed to have the form : I(h)/I(0) \ 1 [ 0.6(1 [ cos h). This avoids the magniÐcation singularities on the caustics in the sourc ...
Exoplanet Discoveries and the Fermi Paradox
... Frank Drake examined the probability of extraterrestrial intelligence by developing his famous equation in the 1960s, which stated that the number of intelligence species in the galaxy is the product of 7 factors, from the rate of star formation through the probabilities of planets, habitability, li ...
... Frank Drake examined the probability of extraterrestrial intelligence by developing his famous equation in the 1960s, which stated that the number of intelligence species in the galaxy is the product of 7 factors, from the rate of star formation through the probabilities of planets, habitability, li ...
Script
... models, or in the case of main-sequence stars from the luminosity-mass relation L M4 for M > 0.4M , and L M2.8 for M < 0.4M ). The planetary mass is found from the fact that the two bodies (star and planet) revolve about their common center of mass. The distances, or radii, to this common center ...
... models, or in the case of main-sequence stars from the luminosity-mass relation L M4 for M > 0.4M , and L M2.8 for M < 0.4M ). The planetary mass is found from the fact that the two bodies (star and planet) revolve about their common center of mass. The distances, or radii, to this common center ...
Project Icarus: Astronomical Considerations Relating to the Choice
... that the above areas of scientific investigation be considered as listed in order of increasing priority. Thus, scientific investigations conducted en route are a low priority when it comes to the choice of target, not because such investigations are scientifically unimportant but because they can ( ...
... that the above areas of scientific investigation be considered as listed in order of increasing priority. Thus, scientific investigations conducted en route are a low priority when it comes to the choice of target, not because such investigations are scientifically unimportant but because they can ( ...
Earth-like worlds on eccentric orbits - Physics
... The habitable zone limits around the Sun can be used to determine which of the new extrasolar planets are capable of supporting life. The worlds discovered thus far are probably gas-rich objects akin to the planets Jupiter and Saturn, and so are unlikely to harbour life themselves. But any of these ...
... The habitable zone limits around the Sun can be used to determine which of the new extrasolar planets are capable of supporting life. The worlds discovered thus far are probably gas-rich objects akin to the planets Jupiter and Saturn, and so are unlikely to harbour life themselves. But any of these ...
Warm- up Question Tell me what you know about The Big Bang
... clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can ...
... clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can ...
Formation and Detectability of Terrestrial Planets around
... Figure 1 shows the late evolutionary stage of a protoplanetary disk initially containing 600 moon-mass embryos (r600 1, see Figure 2 and Table 1). The radius of each circle is proportional to the radius of the object. Bodies in the outer parts of the disk (a > 3 AU) are immediately launched into hig ...
... Figure 1 shows the late evolutionary stage of a protoplanetary disk initially containing 600 moon-mass embryos (r600 1, see Figure 2 and Table 1). The radius of each circle is proportional to the radius of the object. Bodies in the outer parts of the disk (a > 3 AU) are immediately launched into hig ...
Debris Belts around Vega - Astronomical Society of the Pacific
... giant planets orbiting in the gap between belts. • Our own solar system also has four giant planets orbiting between the rocky asteroid belt and the icy Kuiper belt. • No planets have yet been detected around Vega, but if the star were eventually found to have several giant planets in orbit, this ...
... giant planets orbiting in the gap between belts. • Our own solar system also has four giant planets orbiting between the rocky asteroid belt and the icy Kuiper belt. • No planets have yet been detected around Vega, but if the star were eventually found to have several giant planets in orbit, this ...
Kepler Mission: The Search for Earth-sized Planets
... Not enough gravity to hold onto a lifesustaining atmosphere (like Mercury or Mars) ...
... Not enough gravity to hold onto a lifesustaining atmosphere (like Mercury or Mars) ...
Age Aspects of Habitability
... cannot go there to verify. Even Mars might still be inhabited by a primitive subsurface biota which are undetectable without a local and detailed examination. It may also be possible for life to evolve in a manner that we have not anticipated, which, even if it changes the environment globally, woul ...
... cannot go there to verify. Even Mars might still be inhabited by a primitive subsurface biota which are undetectable without a local and detailed examination. It may also be possible for life to evolve in a manner that we have not anticipated, which, even if it changes the environment globally, woul ...
2.4 Statistical properties of radial velocity planets
... G, K main-sequence stars the RV velocity surveys find the following numbers: – for about 1 % of the stars a close in (<0.1 AU), hot Jupiter with mP sin i > 0.1MJ is detected, – for about 15 % of the stars a giant planet with mP sin i > 0.1MJ out to a separation of 5 AU is present, – RV-surveys can n ...
... G, K main-sequence stars the RV velocity surveys find the following numbers: – for about 1 % of the stars a close in (<0.1 AU), hot Jupiter with mP sin i > 0.1MJ is detected, – for about 15 % of the stars a giant planet with mP sin i > 0.1MJ out to a separation of 5 AU is present, – RV-surveys can n ...
The barycentric motion of exoplanet host stars
... Of these, 30 systems have two known planets, while 11 systems have three or more. This sample of Doppler-detected multiple systems is complemented by the two multiple systems discovered from photometric transits, CoRoT–7 and HAT–P–13. To determine the host star barycentric motions, we have used the ...
... Of these, 30 systems have two known planets, while 11 systems have three or more. This sample of Doppler-detected multiple systems is complemented by the two multiple systems discovered from photometric transits, CoRoT–7 and HAT–P–13. To determine the host star barycentric motions, we have used the ...
Events: - Temecula Valley Astronomers
... There are no additional massive planets beyond Neptune. There is no “Planet X.” We still have to answer the question of Pluto’s status. Is Pluto a planet or not? In the early 2000s Caltech’s Mike Brown discovered small objects in the outer reaches of the Solar System, well beyond Neptune’s orbit. On ...
... There are no additional massive planets beyond Neptune. There is no “Planet X.” We still have to answer the question of Pluto’s status. Is Pluto a planet or not? In the early 2000s Caltech’s Mike Brown discovered small objects in the outer reaches of the Solar System, well beyond Neptune’s orbit. On ...
Document
... winds heat and compress the disk causing agglomeration out to the snow line. The cores grow by collecting material infalling toward the star. They are in unstable orbits that can change radically or they can be ejected from the system. A core in a highly eccentric orbit that goes far into the disk c ...
... winds heat and compress the disk causing agglomeration out to the snow line. The cores grow by collecting material infalling toward the star. They are in unstable orbits that can change radically or they can be ejected from the system. A core in a highly eccentric orbit that goes far into the disk c ...
Word Doc - CAASTRO
... ● Click the NEXT button and follow the instructions on the left to collect data on the days between ‘blinks’ and how much the brightness of the star drops for each blink. Each blink is when the exoplanet moves in front of the star, or ‘transits’, blocking out some of the star’s light. After collecti ...
... ● Click the NEXT button and follow the instructions on the left to collect data on the days between ‘blinks’ and how much the brightness of the star drops for each blink. Each blink is when the exoplanet moves in front of the star, or ‘transits’, blocking out some of the star’s light. After collecti ...
Free floating planets
... distant stars, stellar radial velocity measurements may not be possible. For planets at larger orbital distances, radial velocity observations may take years. Therefore, for the foreseeable future a measurement of planetary radii will be our only window into the structure of these planets. Orbital d ...
... distant stars, stellar radial velocity measurements may not be possible. For planets at larger orbital distances, radial velocity observations may take years. Therefore, for the foreseeable future a measurement of planetary radii will be our only window into the structure of these planets. Orbital d ...
No Slide Title
... very stable pulsation modes. The presence of a planet will be revealed in anomalous timings, just as with pulsar planets ...
... very stable pulsation modes. The presence of a planet will be revealed in anomalous timings, just as with pulsar planets ...
Transits of planets: mean densities
... the di↵erent isotopes for the elements. A major disadvantage is that volatile elements are strongly depleted, most notably H, He, C, N, O, S, and the noble gases. Especially for the elements H, C, O, S, there are strong di↵erences between di↵erent chondritic meteorites, depending on the individual h ...
... the di↵erent isotopes for the elements. A major disadvantage is that volatile elements are strongly depleted, most notably H, He, C, N, O, S, and the noble gases. Especially for the elements H, C, O, S, there are strong di↵erences between di↵erent chondritic meteorites, depending on the individual h ...
A Giant Planet Around a Metal-poor Star of Extragalactic Origin
... origin. This implies that its history is likely different from those of the majority of known planethosting stars. HIP 13044 was probably attracted to the Milky Way several Gyr ago. Before that, it could have had belonged to a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way similar to Fornax or the Sagittarius dw ...
... origin. This implies that its history is likely different from those of the majority of known planethosting stars. HIP 13044 was probably attracted to the Milky Way several Gyr ago. Before that, it could have had belonged to a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way similar to Fornax or the Sagittarius dw ...
PLANETESIMALS TO BROWN DWARFS: What is a Planet?
... Let us now briefly review the competition between pressure support and gravity, from rocks to stars. Rocks are essentially supported by bound electron degeneracy (in atoms and molecules), and gravity plays no role in the size or shape of the object. This accounts for the bulk volume of macroscopic ob ...
... Let us now briefly review the competition between pressure support and gravity, from rocks to stars. Rocks are essentially supported by bound electron degeneracy (in atoms and molecules), and gravity plays no role in the size or shape of the object. This accounts for the bulk volume of macroscopic ob ...
Dynamics of disks with planets
... be small brown dwarfs (forming directly from collapsing molecular cloud) rather than planets (understood to be objects grown in a two-stage accretion process in protoplanetary disks). Why not adopt a definition of a brown dwarf based on mass (>13 times Jupiter’s perhaps) and just call massive superp ...
... be small brown dwarfs (forming directly from collapsing molecular cloud) rather than planets (understood to be objects grown in a two-stage accretion process in protoplanetary disks). Why not adopt a definition of a brown dwarf based on mass (>13 times Jupiter’s perhaps) and just call massive superp ...
I. Determination of stellar Parameters
... • accreted material is mixed in outer convection zone • less atmospheric metal-enhancement when convection zone is deep ...
... • accreted material is mixed in outer convection zone • less atmospheric metal-enhancement when convection zone is deep ...
Planet
A planet (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ πλανήτης (astēr planētēs), or πλάνης ἀστήρ (plánēs astēr), meaning ""wandering star"") is an astronomical object orbiting a star, brown dwarf, or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain ""planets"" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community are no longer viewed as such.The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions. Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times, it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations, performed by Galileo Galilei. By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets' orbits were not circular but elliptical. As observational tools improved, astronomers saw that, like Earth, the planets rotated around tilted axes, and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons. Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites.More than a thousand planets around other stars (""extrasolar planets"" or ""exoplanets"") have been discovered in the Milky Way: as of 1 October 2015, 1968 known extrasolar planets in 1248 planetary systems (including 490 multiple planetary systems), ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter. On December 20, 2011, the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, orbiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-20. A 2012 study, analyzing gravitational microlensing data, estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone.