Package `moonsun`
... If y is given (y should contain the same row number than x) and the return value is a vector of distances between the subsequent corresponding rows (for example distance between Moon and Sun for some days ahead). Author(s) ...
... If y is given (y should contain the same row number than x) and the return value is a vector of distances between the subsequent corresponding rows (for example distance between Moon and Sun for some days ahead). Author(s) ...
EX PLANET E - Institute of Physics
... These are illustrated in figure 1b. A faster exoplanet moves across the face of the star more quickly and so the dip in intensity lasts for a shorter time. A larger exoplanet obscures more of the star’s surface during a full eclipse and so the dip in intensity is larger. Students are asked to think ...
... These are illustrated in figure 1b. A faster exoplanet moves across the face of the star more quickly and so the dip in intensity lasts for a shorter time. A larger exoplanet obscures more of the star’s surface during a full eclipse and so the dip in intensity is larger. Students are asked to think ...
Planet formation
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... low-mass stars hosting planetary systems along their evolution . P2.10. A small survey of magnetic fields of solar-type planet hosting stars P2.11. The solar wind in time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.12. Characterising the interplanetary environment: the wind of the planet-host ...
... low-mass stars hosting planetary systems along their evolution . P2.10. A small survey of magnetic fields of solar-type planet hosting stars P2.11. The solar wind in time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.12. Characterising the interplanetary environment: the wind of the planet-host ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler (Lissauer et al. 2014)
... The transit depth yields the ratio of the planetary radius to the stellar radius, and the repetition rate of transits tells us the planet’s orbital period. The stellar colours — or, better yet, stellar spectrum — can be used to deduce the star’s radius and mass, and from these we can find the planet ...
... The transit depth yields the ratio of the planetary radius to the stellar radius, and the repetition rate of transits tells us the planet’s orbital period. The stellar colours — or, better yet, stellar spectrum — can be used to deduce the star’s radius and mass, and from these we can find the planet ...
A re-appraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf
... are likely to be inhabited. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute to consider what is reasonably known about the topic and what theoretical and observationa ...
... are likely to be inhabited. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute to consider what is reasonably known about the topic and what theoretical and observationa ...
A Reappraisal of The Habitability of Planets around M Dwarf Stars
... are likely to be inhabited. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute to consider what is reasonably known about the topic and what theoretical and observationa ...
... are likely to be inhabited. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute to consider what is reasonably known about the topic and what theoretical and observationa ...
Other Planetary Systems
... center of mass with Jupiter, but the precise point of return would move around with Saturn’s 29.5-year period. By measuring this motion carefully from afar, an extraterrestrial astronomer could deduce the existence and masses of both Jupiter and Saturn after a few decades of observing. The other pla ...
... center of mass with Jupiter, but the precise point of return would move around with Saturn’s 29.5-year period. By measuring this motion carefully from afar, an extraterrestrial astronomer could deduce the existence and masses of both Jupiter and Saturn after a few decades of observing. The other pla ...
Is there life in space? Activity 1: The Vastness of Space
... A. The signal is more evident when the tilt is lower. The telescopes are not perfect, so they can only detect star motions that are very large. The largest motions occur when the tilt is closer to 0 degrees. Q. Why might a scientist, using modern telescopes, be unsure about having discovered a plane ...
... A. The signal is more evident when the tilt is lower. The telescopes are not perfect, so they can only detect star motions that are very large. The largest motions occur when the tilt is closer to 0 degrees. Q. Why might a scientist, using modern telescopes, be unsure about having discovered a plane ...
Water ice lines and the formation of giant moons around super
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler
... for both small (Demory 2014) and large planets (Angerhausen et al. 2014), with most (hot) giant planets having low albedo. Planets in multiple systems perturb one another through their mutual gravity, causing their orbits to deviate from strict periodicity. These deviations lead to transit timing va ...
... for both small (Demory 2014) and large planets (Angerhausen et al. 2014), with most (hot) giant planets having low albedo. Planets in multiple systems perturb one another through their mutual gravity, causing their orbits to deviate from strict periodicity. These deviations lead to transit timing va ...
McDonald I....Tisserand, P. et al ExELS an
... microlensing+transit survey would allow the first self-consistent estimate of the relative frequencies of hot and cold sub-stellar companions, reducing biases in comparing ‘near-field’ radial velocity and transiting exoplanets with ‘far-field’ microlensing exoplanets. The age of the bulge and its sp ...
... microlensing+transit survey would allow the first self-consistent estimate of the relative frequencies of hot and cold sub-stellar companions, reducing biases in comparing ‘near-field’ radial velocity and transiting exoplanets with ‘far-field’ microlensing exoplanets. The age of the bulge and its sp ...
Formation, Habitability, and Detection of Extrasolar Moons
... the imagination of scientists and the public related to their possibility of being habitats for extrasolar life (Reynolds et al., 1987; Williams et al., 1997; Heller and Barnes, 2013). This idea has its roots in certain Solar System moons, which may—at least temporarily and locally—provide environme ...
... the imagination of scientists and the public related to their possibility of being habitats for extrasolar life (Reynolds et al., 1987; Williams et al., 1997; Heller and Barnes, 2013). This idea has its roots in certain Solar System moons, which may—at least temporarily and locally—provide environme ...
Compartive Planetology I: Our Solar. System
... Jupiter, whose equatorial diameter is more than 11 times that of Earth. On the other end of the scale, Mercury’s diameter is less than two-fifths that of Earth. Figure 7-2 shows the Sun and the planets drawn to the same scale. The diameters of the planets are given in Table 7-1. The masses of the te ...
... Jupiter, whose equatorial diameter is more than 11 times that of Earth. On the other end of the scale, Mercury’s diameter is less than two-fifths that of Earth. Figure 7-2 shows the Sun and the planets drawn to the same scale. The diameters of the planets are given in Table 7-1. The masses of the te ...
1 A Re-appraisal of the Habitability of Planets Around M Dwarf Stars
... readers, this section presents a mini-guide to those classification schemes that are used in this paper to discuss the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarf stars. ‘M’ is a stellar classification based on the characteristic features found in relatively low resolution spectra, initially obtained a ...
... readers, this section presents a mini-guide to those classification schemes that are used in this paper to discuss the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarf stars. ‘M’ is a stellar classification based on the characteristic features found in relatively low resolution spectra, initially obtained a ...
Insights into Bode`s Law
... consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that you are more or less free to hypothesize just about any spacings for planets which does not ...
... consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that you are more or less free to hypothesize just about any spacings for planets which does not ...
The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
... although Jeans (1942) managed to increase the odds to ∼0.1 by allowing the encounter to happen during pre–main-sequence contraction. Modern surveys using the Doppler, transit, and microlensing techniques have shown that planets are prevalent. The probability that a random star has a planet is of or ...
... although Jeans (1942) managed to increase the odds to ∼0.1 by allowing the encounter to happen during pre–main-sequence contraction. Modern surveys using the Doppler, transit, and microlensing techniques have shown that planets are prevalent. The probability that a random star has a planet is of or ...
Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
... discoveries have also profoundly changed our vision of the formation, structure and composition of low-mass planets: while it has been long thought, mostly based on the observations of our own Solar System, that there should be a gap between telluric planets with a thin, if any, secondary atmosphere ...
... discoveries have also profoundly changed our vision of the formation, structure and composition of low-mass planets: while it has been long thought, mostly based on the observations of our own Solar System, that there should be a gap between telluric planets with a thin, if any, secondary atmosphere ...
Full PDF - Royal Society Publishing
... discoveries have also profoundly changed our vision of the formation, structure and composition of low-mass planets: while it has been long thought, mostly based on the observations of our own Solar System, that there should be a gap between telluric planets with a thin, if any, secondary atmosphere ...
... discoveries have also profoundly changed our vision of the formation, structure and composition of low-mass planets: while it has been long thought, mostly based on the observations of our own Solar System, that there should be a gap between telluric planets with a thin, if any, secondary atmosphere ...
Science Across Disciplines
... birth of a new field of astronomy: the study of extrasolar planetary systems around main sequence stars. Since then, more than 200 planets outside our own Solar System have been discovered. These planets most closely resemble the gas giant planets, with masses in the range 20 – 3 000 M ⊕, but many o ...
... birth of a new field of astronomy: the study of extrasolar planetary systems around main sequence stars. Since then, more than 200 planets outside our own Solar System have been discovered. These planets most closely resemble the gas giant planets, with masses in the range 20 – 3 000 M ⊕, but many o ...
Tidal Evolution of Close-In Extra-Solar Planets
... In a typical case, tidal heating might have begun modest, but then increased as tides reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s ...
... In a typical case, tidal heating might have begun modest, but then increased as tides reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s ...
Ben R. Oppenheimer1,2 and Sasha Hinkley1,2
... deficiency and can be interpreted by considering migration of planets, something that suggests that a generalized planetary system architecture is not, probably, common. For example, it may be easier for massive planets to form at larger distances from their stars, where the feeding zones during for ...
... deficiency and can be interpreted by considering migration of planets, something that suggests that a generalized planetary system architecture is not, probably, common. For example, it may be easier for massive planets to form at larger distances from their stars, where the feeding zones during for ...
allowed planetary orbits
... Hence, we pass to theories of the origin of the solar system and demonstrations of the chaotic dynamics and planetary migration, which at present lead to new theories of the origin of the solar system and exoplanets. We provide a review of the quantization on a cosmic scale and its application to de ...
... Hence, we pass to theories of the origin of the solar system and demonstrations of the chaotic dynamics and planetary migration, which at present lead to new theories of the origin of the solar system and exoplanets. We provide a review of the quantization on a cosmic scale and its application to de ...
Exoplanets - Polarisation.eu
... Here is a beautiful artist’s impression of an exoplanet in orbit around 2 red dwarf stars. For centuries, people have looked up in the sky and wondered whether there were other worlds like the Earth. The other planets in the Solar System are ... ...
... Here is a beautiful artist’s impression of an exoplanet in orbit around 2 red dwarf stars. For centuries, people have looked up in the sky and wondered whether there were other worlds like the Earth. The other planets in the Solar System are ... ...
Extrasolar Planet Studies:The Italian Contribution
... Giant Planets, unique science • Young self-luminous gaseous planets in star forming regions or young associations – EPICS can achieve good resolution even for star forming regions at ~100pc, young planets at >3 AU can be detected, very important observation to understand planet formation • Mature gi ...
... Giant Planets, unique science • Young self-luminous gaseous planets in star forming regions or young associations – EPICS can achieve good resolution even for star forming regions at ~100pc, young planets at >3 AU can be detected, very important observation to understand planet formation • Mature gi ...
Planet
A planet (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ πλανήτης (astēr planētēs), or πλάνης ἀστήρ (plánēs astēr), meaning ""wandering star"") is an astronomical object orbiting a star, brown dwarf, or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain ""planets"" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community are no longer viewed as such.The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions. Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times, it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations, performed by Galileo Galilei. By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets' orbits were not circular but elliptical. As observational tools improved, astronomers saw that, like Earth, the planets rotated around tilted axes, and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons. Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites.More than a thousand planets around other stars (""extrasolar planets"" or ""exoplanets"") have been discovered in the Milky Way: as of 1 October 2015, 1968 known extrasolar planets in 1248 planetary systems (including 490 multiple planetary systems), ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter. On December 20, 2011, the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, orbiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-20. A 2012 study, analyzing gravitational microlensing data, estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone.