A new look at the causes and consequences of the Icelandic hot
... strongly supported by interpretation of the belt of positive geoid and gravity anomalies over the circum-Pacific subduction zones in terms of the underlying cool sink for the subducting slabs (Rabinowicz et al. 1983), which suggests that recycling of cool slabs into the lower mantle applies to the w ...
... strongly supported by interpretation of the belt of positive geoid and gravity anomalies over the circum-Pacific subduction zones in terms of the underlying cool sink for the subducting slabs (Rabinowicz et al. 1983), which suggests that recycling of cool slabs into the lower mantle applies to the w ...
PALAEOMAGNETISM, PLATE MOTION AND POLAR WANDER
... dipole axis intersects the Earth’s surface are known as the north and south geomagnetic poles. The dipole field is currently moving westward around the geographic poles at a rate of about 0.08° per year, whereas the nondipole field is moving at a faster average rate of 0.18° per year (McElhinny & Mc ...
... dipole axis intersects the Earth’s surface are known as the north and south geomagnetic poles. The dipole field is currently moving westward around the geographic poles at a rate of about 0.08° per year, whereas the nondipole field is moving at a faster average rate of 0.18° per year (McElhinny & Mc ...
Seismicity and Earth`s Interior - North Coast Distance Education
... The magnitude of an earthquake is an objective measure of the amount of energy released. It is a much more precise measure than intensity. Earthquake magnitudes are based on direct measurements of the size (amplitude) of seismic waves, made with recording instruments, rather than on subjective obser ...
... The magnitude of an earthquake is an objective measure of the amount of energy released. It is a much more precise measure than intensity. Earthquake magnitudes are based on direct measurements of the size (amplitude) of seismic waves, made with recording instruments, rather than on subjective obser ...
UNH M OS Res 2013
... the ocean is contributing to ocean acidity and the changing climate. After gathering enough data year after year to provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change ‒ the UNH researchers have now shown that the Gulf of ...
... the ocean is contributing to ocean acidity and the changing climate. After gathering enough data year after year to provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change ‒ the UNH researchers have now shown that the Gulf of ...
University of Groningen von Liebig`s Law of the Minimum and
... grazers, is conceivable, in which viruses may play a role (BRATBAK,EC~Eand HELDAL,1993). For the sake of the argument changes resulting from physical transport (advection, mixing) are here neglected. In general, however, it is the variations in the rates of production and loss that determine the sta ...
... grazers, is conceivable, in which viruses may play a role (BRATBAK,EC~Eand HELDAL,1993). For the sake of the argument changes resulting from physical transport (advection, mixing) are here neglected. In general, however, it is the variations in the rates of production and loss that determine the sta ...
Annual report 2005 (of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
... one extreme, and pollution and sea level rise at the other. Of course this is not a task for the IOC alone. We will work with partners in other organizations, both within and outside the United Nations system. A recent meeting in Argentina between the Officers of the IOC and the Bureau of the World M ...
... one extreme, and pollution and sea level rise at the other. Of course this is not a task for the IOC alone. We will work with partners in other organizations, both within and outside the United Nations system. A recent meeting in Argentina between the Officers of the IOC and the Bureau of the World M ...
First Meeting of the joint IOC-ICES Study Group - Archimer
... Nutrients Scale System, INSS, and build more international collaborations for this goal. In particular, the meeting participants (1) agreed a further inter comparison studies of RMNS for early 2011 which will be expanded to 70 laboratories primarily working in the deep sea, (2) prepare a form for me ...
... Nutrients Scale System, INSS, and build more international collaborations for this goal. In particular, the meeting participants (1) agreed a further inter comparison studies of RMNS for early 2011 which will be expanded to 70 laboratories primarily working in the deep sea, (2) prepare a form for me ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective
... erosive activities of a grounded ice sheet (SCAR, 1997). This distinction in average depth is of fundamental importance to the manner in which warm subpolar waters can or cannot go aboard the continental shelves and reach the periphery of the major ice sheets. Another distinct feature of the Antarct ...
... erosive activities of a grounded ice sheet (SCAR, 1997). This distinction in average depth is of fundamental importance to the manner in which warm subpolar waters can or cannot go aboard the continental shelves and reach the periphery of the major ice sheets. Another distinct feature of the Antarct ...
the first us integrated ocean observing system (ioos) development plan
... connectivity between the research motivated by IOOS mission requirements and that of the ocean science community in general. Enabling this interplay is an important role of the National Science and Technology Council’s Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology, and of the Interagency Workin ...
... connectivity between the research motivated by IOOS mission requirements and that of the ocean science community in general. Enabling this interplay is an important role of the National Science and Technology Council’s Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology, and of the Interagency Workin ...
LESSON PLANS - hiddencorner.us
... freshwater (chemistry). List and define on the board the following fields of science: biology (study of life); chemistry (study of matter in its molecular form); physics (study of energy and forces); geology (study of formation and structure of Earth); meteorology (study of weather and climate); and ...
... freshwater (chemistry). List and define on the board the following fields of science: biology (study of life); chemistry (study of matter in its molecular form); physics (study of energy and forces); geology (study of formation and structure of Earth); meteorology (study of weather and climate); and ...
PDF (Chapter 12. The Shape of the Earth, Heat Flow and Convection)
... In general, smaller swells are located on younger seafloor, and the larger ones (Cape Verde, Hawaii, Great Meteor, Bermuda, Reunion) are on older crust. Within the scatter of the data, the midplate swells reach an approximately uniform depth below sea level, approximately 4250 m, or the swell height ...
... In general, smaller swells are located on younger seafloor, and the larger ones (Cape Verde, Hawaii, Great Meteor, Bermuda, Reunion) are on older crust. Within the scatter of the data, the midplate swells reach an approximately uniform depth below sea level, approximately 4250 m, or the swell height ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... cyclically sheared. The soil particles initially have large voids between them. Due to shaking, the particles are displaced. ...
... cyclically sheared. The soil particles initially have large voids between them. Due to shaking, the particles are displaced. ...
ocean acidification resulting from
... effects on the maritime area on elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. An OSPAR workshop, hosted by Norway, on the environmental impact of placement of CO2 in geological structures in the OSPAR Maritime Area was held in Trondheim in October 2004. At the workshop, Norway presented a scientific rep ...
... effects on the maritime area on elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. An OSPAR workshop, hosted by Norway, on the environmental impact of placement of CO2 in geological structures in the OSPAR Maritime Area was held in Trondheim in October 2004. At the workshop, Norway presented a scientific rep ...
Dynamic topography and long-term sea-level variations
... profile. The change in the volume of the ocean basins over the last 30 Myr appears to be dominated by a change in the volume of the east Pacific ridge system and an uplift of the lithosphere in vicinity of various subduction zones (e.g., Sumatra, Indonesia, and southwestern South America). To quantify ...
... profile. The change in the volume of the ocean basins over the last 30 Myr appears to be dominated by a change in the volume of the east Pacific ridge system and an uplift of the lithosphere in vicinity of various subduction zones (e.g., Sumatra, Indonesia, and southwestern South America). To quantify ...
Odor tracking in sharks is reduced under future ocean acidification conditions
... sharks and other elasmobranchs are similarly affected, this could have significant consequences for marine ecosystems globally. Here, we show that projected future CO2 levels impair odor tracking behavior of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis). Adult M. canis were held for 5 days in a current-day co ...
... sharks and other elasmobranchs are similarly affected, this could have significant consequences for marine ecosystems globally. Here, we show that projected future CO2 levels impair odor tracking behavior of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis). Adult M. canis were held for 5 days in a current-day co ...
Terra Nova 2012 Jagoutz
... Moyen and Stevens (2006), have inferred that the Na concentration of the melt is dependent on the pressure of melting, with high pressure melts have high Na concentration. The K concentration of the melts however are largely dependent on the source composition and the degree of melting (Moyen and St ...
... Moyen and Stevens (2006), have inferred that the Na concentration of the melt is dependent on the pressure of melting, with high pressure melts have high Na concentration. The K concentration of the melts however are largely dependent on the source composition and the degree of melting (Moyen and St ...
PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, MICRONEKTON, AND
... variables (biomass, size structure, hydrography, transports); (iv) moorings deployed at a few sites to provide time-series data of hydrographic conditions, transports, and selected biological fields; (v) drifter deployments to examine cross-shelf and along-shelf flows, and in a few cases to provide ...
... variables (biomass, size structure, hydrography, transports); (iv) moorings deployed at a few sites to provide time-series data of hydrographic conditions, transports, and selected biological fields; (v) drifter deployments to examine cross-shelf and along-shelf flows, and in a few cases to provide ...
Chapter 51. Biological Communities on Seamounts and Other
... size of Africa and Asia combined, about three-fold larger than all continental shelf areas in the world’s oceans (Etnoyer et al., 2010; Yesson et al., 2011). Seamounts can influence local ocean circulation, amplifying and rectifying flows, including tidal currents, particularly near seamount summits ...
... size of Africa and Asia combined, about three-fold larger than all continental shelf areas in the world’s oceans (Etnoyer et al., 2010; Yesson et al., 2011). Seamounts can influence local ocean circulation, amplifying and rectifying flows, including tidal currents, particularly near seamount summits ...
Regional anomalies of sediment thickness, basement depth and
... basement that has no sediment and no variation in crust and mantle structure. To do this, we correct the basement depth by removing the sediment load with a simple model of isostatic adjustment used by Crough [29]. Because Crough’s formulation is in reflection time, we first convert the sediment-thi ...
... basement that has no sediment and no variation in crust and mantle structure. To do this, we correct the basement depth by removing the sediment load with a simple model of isostatic adjustment used by Crough [29]. Because Crough’s formulation is in reflection time, we first convert the sediment-thi ...
Extremely thin crust in the Indian Ocean possibly resulting from
... dipping reflections imaged below this reflector down to 35 km depth (Singh et al. 2007) but no other deep subhorizontal reflections are observed that could be interpreted as reflections from the Moho. Fig. 4 shows the seismic image along orthogonal profile WG1 (Singh et al. 2008) with respect to the ...
... dipping reflections imaged below this reflector down to 35 km depth (Singh et al. 2007) but no other deep subhorizontal reflections are observed that could be interpreted as reflections from the Moho. Fig. 4 shows the seismic image along orthogonal profile WG1 (Singh et al. 2008) with respect to the ...
SECOND INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION (IIOE-2)
... respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under monsoonal influence. Many uncertaintie ...
... respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under monsoonal influence. Many uncertaintie ...
Ecosystem Overview: PNCIMA
... primary production, total zooplankton production, and spring zooplankton production, 19581998, from the Hecate Strait lower trophic level model of Ware and McQueen (2006c). Heavy line is a decadal-scale (11 year) moving average..............................................................33 Figure 1 ...
... primary production, total zooplankton production, and spring zooplankton production, 19581998, from the Hecate Strait lower trophic level model of Ware and McQueen (2006c). Heavy line is a decadal-scale (11 year) moving average..............................................................33 Figure 1 ...
Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines by Remote Sensing for the
... which may subsequently induce fish kill, further ecosystem damage and, at times, are directly or indirectly associated with human health problems. Eutrophication degrades the water quality by accelerating organic matter growth and decomposition as well as decreasing the light availability in the coa ...
... which may subsequently induce fish kill, further ecosystem damage and, at times, are directly or indirectly associated with human health problems. Eutrophication degrades the water quality by accelerating organic matter growth and decomposition as well as decreasing the light availability in the coa ...
Mantle flow geometry from ridge to trench beneath the Gorda–Juan
... easterly flow beneath the slab. In contrast, across the Gorda–North America plate boundary there is a sharp change in FSD (Fig. 2a). This is difficult to justify with a single-layer interpretation because it would imply marked changes in flow direction. Instead, this region could host two layers of ...
... easterly flow beneath the slab. In contrast, across the Gorda–North America plate boundary there is a sharp change in FSD (Fig. 2a). This is difficult to justify with a single-layer interpretation because it would imply marked changes in flow direction. Instead, this region could host two layers of ...
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Eutrophication in the Coastal Marine
... rapidly and more completely than does phosphate. This is particularly true when only nitrate-nitrogen is considered. Both Vaccaro (9) and Thomas (13) have pointed out, however, that ammonia may often be quantitatively a more important nitrogen source than is nitrate in surface ocean waters, particul ...
... rapidly and more completely than does phosphate. This is particularly true when only nitrate-nitrogen is considered. Both Vaccaro (9) and Thomas (13) have pointed out, however, that ammonia may often be quantitatively a more important nitrogen source than is nitrate in surface ocean waters, particul ...
Physical oceanography
Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.Physical oceanography is one of several sub-domains into which oceanography is divided. Others include biological, chemical and geological oceanographies.