The Global Oxygen Cycle - Lithosphere Fluid Research Group
... and other coastal settings. However, there are several regions of the world ocean where stratification and anoxia are more permanent features (Figure 4). These include narrow, deep, and silled coastal fjords and larger restricted basins (e.g., the Black ...
... and other coastal settings. However, there are several regions of the world ocean where stratification and anoxia are more permanent features (Figure 4). These include narrow, deep, and silled coastal fjords and larger restricted basins (e.g., the Black ...
Encyclopedia of Geography Terms, Themes, and Concepts
... Such an appreciation is vital in a globalizing world. Those who have a weak knowledge and understanding of the world around them are destined to be at a disadvantage, both professionally and personally. Geography provides the fundament for such understanding. For the past several decades, studies ha ...
... Such an appreciation is vital in a globalizing world. Those who have a weak knowledge and understanding of the world around them are destined to be at a disadvantage, both professionally and personally. Geography provides the fundament for such understanding. For the past several decades, studies ha ...
At-Home-Standards Practice - San Juan Unified School District
... Directions: Select the best answer for each of the following questions. 11 The movement of tectonic plates requires large amounts of energy. Where does this energy originate? A convection currents in the mantle B friction between continental plate boundaries C solar radiation absorbed by Earth’s cru ...
... Directions: Select the best answer for each of the following questions. 11 The movement of tectonic plates requires large amounts of energy. Where does this energy originate? A convection currents in the mantle B friction between continental plate boundaries C solar radiation absorbed by Earth’s cru ...
Crustal and uppermantle structure in the Eastern Mediterranean
... related to the active subduction along the Hellenic arc. The present tectonics are driven by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, the ArabianEurasian convergence and the displacement of the AnatolianAegean microplate. The boundary between the African and the Anatoli ...
... related to the active subduction along the Hellenic arc. The present tectonics are driven by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, the ArabianEurasian convergence and the displacement of the AnatolianAegean microplate. The boundary between the African and the Anatoli ...
Contaminants in the arctic marine environment
... The distinguishing characteristic of the Arctic is its comparatively low temperature. Because low temperatures reduce volatilization, semi-volatile compounds can be preferentially transported to the Arctic by a ‘‘global distillation’’ process in much the same way as there exists a net transport of h ...
... The distinguishing characteristic of the Arctic is its comparatively low temperature. Because low temperatures reduce volatilization, semi-volatile compounds can be preferentially transported to the Arctic by a ‘‘global distillation’’ process in much the same way as there exists a net transport of h ...
Shear velocity structure of central Eurasia from inversion of surface
... resolving power of the data while maintaining a physically reasonable model. However, from long range seismic profiles there is evidence for fine-scale stratification in the uppermost mantle (Pavlenkova, 1996; Thybo and Perchuc, 1997) while our parameterization consists of a single layer between Moh ...
... resolving power of the data while maintaining a physically reasonable model. However, from long range seismic profiles there is evidence for fine-scale stratification in the uppermost mantle (Pavlenkova, 1996; Thybo and Perchuc, 1997) while our parameterization consists of a single layer between Moh ...
inferences on potential seamount locations from
... Our study has found a relatively simple way of extrapolating potential seamounts from mid-resolution bathymetric data. Although there is no reference to volcanism, the requirement for finding large undersea peaked features (potential seamounts) was fulfilled. The criteria for the extrapolation was o ...
... Our study has found a relatively simple way of extrapolating potential seamounts from mid-resolution bathymetric data. Although there is no reference to volcanism, the requirement for finding large undersea peaked features (potential seamounts) was fulfilled. The criteria for the extrapolation was o ...
Observations of floating anthropogenic litter in the Barents Sea and
... the oceans. Even the remotest environments such as polar regions and the deep ocean floor are no longer free of litter (Barnes 2002; Galgani et al. 2015). Plastic accounts for the great majority of marine litter (Cózar et al. 2014), which is not surprising given an annual global production of 299 m ...
... the oceans. Even the remotest environments such as polar regions and the deep ocean floor are no longer free of litter (Barnes 2002; Galgani et al. 2015). Plastic accounts for the great majority of marine litter (Cózar et al. 2014), which is not surprising given an annual global production of 299 m ...
Report of the Joint OSPAR/ICES Ocean Acidification Study Group
... place alongside chemical monitoring. Where it does occur, quite high level or general indicators tend to be used and not OA-specific effects monitoring. This reflects the immature stage of development of biological effects indicators of OA. In some cases carbonate parameters have been added to exist ...
... place alongside chemical monitoring. Where it does occur, quite high level or general indicators tend to be used and not OA-specific effects monitoring. This reflects the immature stage of development of biological effects indicators of OA. In some cases carbonate parameters have been added to exist ...
Evaluation of Satellite Retrievals of Chlorophyll-a in the
... marine resources [12], it is necessary to provide long-term information on phytoplankton dynamics. However, in situ measurements serving that purpose are scarce in the Gulf due to time and cost demands. Alternatively, satellite ocean colour sensors have been depicted as excellent tools for monitorin ...
... marine resources [12], it is necessary to provide long-term information on phytoplankton dynamics. However, in situ measurements serving that purpose are scarce in the Gulf due to time and cost demands. Alternatively, satellite ocean colour sensors have been depicted as excellent tools for monitorin ...
Global map of solid Earth surface heat flow
... result again used a weighted average. This result is presented in Figure 8. A simplified flow diagram of the methods is presented in Figure 9. [25] The variance of the data estimate was calculated, including a sample-sized unbiased estimate [Rimoldini, 2013]. The square root of this variance was used ...
... result again used a weighted average. This result is presented in Figure 8. A simplified flow diagram of the methods is presented in Figure 9. [25] The variance of the data estimate was calculated, including a sample-sized unbiased estimate [Rimoldini, 2013]. The square root of this variance was used ...
community structure and abundance of tintinnids in the bay of
... hydrographics are well known for several oceanic provinces (Modigh et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 1999). The tintinnids are agreed to present as the tracers of upwelling, oceanic currents and water masses (Pierce and Turner, 1993; Krsinic and Grbec, 2006). The BoB locates in eastern part of the nort ...
... hydrographics are well known for several oceanic provinces (Modigh et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 1999). The tintinnids are agreed to present as the tracers of upwelling, oceanic currents and water masses (Pierce and Turner, 1993; Krsinic and Grbec, 2006). The BoB locates in eastern part of the nort ...
The role of local atmospheric forcing on the
... regions, and in particular in the tropics and subtropics, cannot be maintained by local atmospheric forcings only, but are also a result of oceanic dynamics that are not simulated in a single column ocean model. Thus lateral ocean dynamics are essential in maintaining observed MLD. ...
... regions, and in particular in the tropics and subtropics, cannot be maintained by local atmospheric forcings only, but are also a result of oceanic dynamics that are not simulated in a single column ocean model. Thus lateral ocean dynamics are essential in maintaining observed MLD. ...
Source levels of fin whale 20 Hz pulses measured in the Northeast
... stations KEBB, KESE, and KESW, which are installed in areas having a thin sediment layer. Seafloor properties used in this analysis are based on average density and sound speed to a depth of one wavelength ("75 m). Because the sediment layer, where it exists, is no more than a few meters thick, the ...
... stations KEBB, KESE, and KESW, which are installed in areas having a thin sediment layer. Seafloor properties used in this analysis are based on average density and sound speed to a depth of one wavelength ("75 m). Because the sediment layer, where it exists, is no more than a few meters thick, the ...
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves
... Supplementary Information Fig. S7. Initialisation of particles within the upper mantle (150-660 km), from the Pacific Ocean starting position, using the Seton model. Particle distributions are shown for 150 km, 1200 km and 2800 km depths for model at (A) 120 Ma, after 80 Myrs equivalent model circu ...
... Supplementary Information Fig. S7. Initialisation of particles within the upper mantle (150-660 km), from the Pacific Ocean starting position, using the Seton model. Particle distributions are shown for 150 km, 1200 km and 2800 km depths for model at (A) 120 Ma, after 80 Myrs equivalent model circu ...
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves long
... Supplementary Information Fig. S7. Initialisation of particles within the upper mantle (150-660 km), from the Pacific Ocean starting position, using the Seton model. Particle distributions are shown for 150 km, 1200 km and 2800 km depths for model at (A) 120 Ma, after 80 Myrs equivalent model circu ...
... Supplementary Information Fig. S7. Initialisation of particles within the upper mantle (150-660 km), from the Pacific Ocean starting position, using the Seton model. Particle distributions are shown for 150 km, 1200 km and 2800 km depths for model at (A) 120 Ma, after 80 Myrs equivalent model circu ...
Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and sampling
... biological processes (i.e. photosynthesis and respiration) and by upwelling of subsurface waters enriched in CO2 and nutrients. The pCO2 in surface ocean waters doubles for every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor ...
... biological processes (i.e. photosynthesis and respiration) and by upwelling of subsurface waters enriched in CO2 and nutrients. The pCO2 in surface ocean waters doubles for every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor ...
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE OCEANS: THE ATLANTIC
... by the outcome of a study by CHASE and HERSEY(I 968), proving that the oceanic basement north of the Puerto Rico Trench is formed by Cenomanian basalt flows, possibly ...
... by the outcome of a study by CHASE and HERSEY(I 968), proving that the oceanic basement north of the Puerto Rico Trench is formed by Cenomanian basalt flows, possibly ...
Ocean Climate Indicators Status Report: 2015
... We examined copepods, pteropods, and euphausiids in more detail, as these are important low- to mid-trophic level species in the ecosystem. Copepod species composition results to date indicate large increases in the abundance of boreal copepods (i.e., species from northern latitudes which are gener ...
... We examined copepods, pteropods, and euphausiids in more detail, as these are important low- to mid-trophic level species in the ecosystem. Copepod species composition results to date indicate large increases in the abundance of boreal copepods (i.e., species from northern latitudes which are gener ...
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION
... Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under mon ...
... Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under mon ...
The Making of the DRAKKAR FORCING SET DFS5 - Drakkar
... freshwater budget (-0.2 mm/y) when fluxes are estimated with the observed SST of Hurrell et al. (2008). The extension for 2008 to 2010 uses ERAi for the surface variables used in the calculation of the turbulent fluxes (u10, v10, t2, q2), and applies the persistence of year 2007 for the radiation fl ...
... freshwater budget (-0.2 mm/y) when fluxes are estimated with the observed SST of Hurrell et al. (2008). The extension for 2008 to 2010 uses ERAi for the surface variables used in the calculation of the turbulent fluxes (u10, v10, t2, q2), and applies the persistence of year 2007 for the radiation fl ...
1 Reservoir Definition - Wiley-VCH
... Beneath continents, mantle heat flow variations do not follow such simple physical consideration since large contrasts exist for both crustal heat production and lithospheric thickness. However, at the scale of the mantle, heat loss is mainly sensitive to large-scale thermal boundary conditions at th ...
... Beneath continents, mantle heat flow variations do not follow such simple physical consideration since large contrasts exist for both crustal heat production and lithospheric thickness. However, at the scale of the mantle, heat loss is mainly sensitive to large-scale thermal boundary conditions at th ...
Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary sediments: reservoir
... ocean is to dampen reflections of short-term oscillations that occur in the incidence of atmospheric 14C (Stuiver and Braziunas, 1993). This phenomenon constitutes the oceanic reservoir effect. But it has been clearly shown that substantial regional variation in the magnitude of this effect in surfa ...
... ocean is to dampen reflections of short-term oscillations that occur in the incidence of atmospheric 14C (Stuiver and Braziunas, 1993). This phenomenon constitutes the oceanic reservoir effect. But it has been clearly shown that substantial regional variation in the magnitude of this effect in surfa ...
Microbial eukaryotic distribution in a dynamic Beaufort Sea and the
... Ocean is not completely isolated; both Pacific and Atlantic Waters flow into the Arctic Basin. The inflow from these other oceans is modified by local conditions and sinks to predictable depths determined by density. Following such transformations, Pacific or Atlantic macrofauna are rapidly replaced ...
... Ocean is not completely isolated; both Pacific and Atlantic Waters flow into the Arctic Basin. The inflow from these other oceans is modified by local conditions and sinks to predictable depths determined by density. Following such transformations, Pacific or Atlantic macrofauna are rapidly replaced ...
Serpentinite and the dawn of life Research Norman H. Sleep
... In the deep marine setting envisioned by Lane et al. [16] and Russell et al. [6], calcium carbonate precipitates in the pore networks within the chimney above the vent. Carbonate precipitation depletes Ca2þ from the vent fluid; the admixed sea water dilutes Ca2þ and increases dissolved total CO2 to ...
... In the deep marine setting envisioned by Lane et al. [16] and Russell et al. [6], calcium carbonate precipitates in the pore networks within the chimney above the vent. Carbonate precipitation depletes Ca2þ from the vent fluid; the admixed sea water dilutes Ca2þ and increases dissolved total CO2 to ...
Physical oceanography
Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.Physical oceanography is one of several sub-domains into which oceanography is divided. Others include biological, chemical and geological oceanographies.