CASE 47
... subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefrontal cortex) and send their output to the thalamus, which then feeds back to the cortex. Although the functions of the basal ganglia are not well under ...
... subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefrontal cortex) and send their output to the thalamus, which then feeds back to the cortex. Although the functions of the basal ganglia are not well under ...
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System LEARNING
... Preganglionic fibers form the lateral gray horn ...
... Preganglionic fibers form the lateral gray horn ...
The Nervous System
... Naming of tracts Many are named for origin and termination Example Anterior (ventral) spinothalamic tract ...
... Naming of tracts Many are named for origin and termination Example Anterior (ventral) spinothalamic tract ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including polarized light. All neurons of the lower unit but only one out of five recorded neurons of the upper unit of the tubercle were sensitive to linearly polarized light presented in t ...
... signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including polarized light. All neurons of the lower unit but only one out of five recorded neurons of the upper unit of the tubercle were sensitive to linearly polarized light presented in t ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... that receive input from motor and prefrontal cortices have been implicated in a wide range of cognitive processes, including decision-making4, action selection5 and reinforcement learning6,7. Through downstream structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalam ...
... that receive input from motor and prefrontal cortices have been implicated in a wide range of cognitive processes, including decision-making4, action selection5 and reinforcement learning6,7. Through downstream structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalam ...
- AVMA Journals Online
... IX), which innervate the muscles that move the digits.16–19 This suggests that an RN disturbance could also be the basis of the pathogenesis of the spastic syndrome (ie, standing disease) of adult cattle20 or BSP (ie, Elso Heel) of young calves,21 characterized by hyperextension and spastic movement ...
... IX), which innervate the muscles that move the digits.16–19 This suggests that an RN disturbance could also be the basis of the pathogenesis of the spastic syndrome (ie, standing disease) of adult cattle20 or BSP (ie, Elso Heel) of young calves,21 characterized by hyperextension and spastic movement ...
as a PDF
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
Physiological and Morphological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission
... longitudinal muscles of the body wall of Hirudo will be considered as two functionally distinct sets, the dorsal longitudinal muscles and the ventral longitudinal muscles. This division is functionally applicable to behaviors such as swimming, since it is the alternating contractions in dorsal an ve ...
... longitudinal muscles of the body wall of Hirudo will be considered as two functionally distinct sets, the dorsal longitudinal muscles and the ventral longitudinal muscles. This division is functionally applicable to behaviors such as swimming, since it is the alternating contractions in dorsal an ve ...
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... averaged dB power from 2 to 80 Hz through a given time period can be calculated from the time–frequency analysis. We also used an alternative method to calculate time-averaged power spectra (see Fig. 6C), which ...
... averaged dB power from 2 to 80 Hz through a given time period can be calculated from the time–frequency analysis. We also used an alternative method to calculate time-averaged power spectra (see Fig. 6C), which ...
Modelling the Grid-like Encoding of Visual Space
... velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not be used to describe or investigate the behavior of neurons that receive other kinds of input signals but may ...
... velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not be used to describe or investigate the behavior of neurons that receive other kinds of input signals but may ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... Summation = many subthreshold stimuli received one after another may allow threshold potential to be reached, and trigger an AP, which in turn begins an impulse on a neuron. a. +15 mV = threshold = AP = impulse b. +5, +5, +5, = +15 mV = threshold = AP = impulse. ...
... Summation = many subthreshold stimuli received one after another may allow threshold potential to be reached, and trigger an AP, which in turn begins an impulse on a neuron. a. +15 mV = threshold = AP = impulse b. +5, +5, +5, = +15 mV = threshold = AP = impulse. ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... identical to the mean values for individual neurons, and the following results change little if the median values are replaced with the mean values. The distributions of the median Cv and Lv values for the 288 neurons are plotted in Fig. 2. The distribution of Lv for the summed data from all monkeys ...
... identical to the mean values for individual neurons, and the following results change little if the median values are replaced with the mean values. The distributions of the median Cv and Lv values for the 288 neurons are plotted in Fig. 2. The distribution of Lv for the summed data from all monkeys ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... purchased from the Laboratory Animal Services Center of Capital Medical University. All experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA) and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Capital Medical University, Beiji ...
... purchased from the Laboratory Animal Services Center of Capital Medical University. All experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA) and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Capital Medical University, Beiji ...
![[j26]Chapter 9#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009372212_1-45723eed01d76cad9811e1514890dc2a-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 9#
... norepinephrine, epinephrine, and related neurotransmitter substances; and those that are cholinergic, receiving acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, because the receptor types can vary from neuron to neuron, the same neurotransmitter may cause the response of one neuron to differ from that of another ...
... norepinephrine, epinephrine, and related neurotransmitter substances; and those that are cholinergic, receiving acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, because the receptor types can vary from neuron to neuron, the same neurotransmitter may cause the response of one neuron to differ from that of another ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... Several excellent reviews discussing this second category of proposed roles have recently been published [4–6, 10–16]. In this review, we focus our discussion on the first category — the effects of cortical feedback on sensory responses and receptive field properties. As the anatomical properties of ...
... Several excellent reviews discussing this second category of proposed roles have recently been published [4–6, 10–16]. In this review, we focus our discussion on the first category — the effects of cortical feedback on sensory responses and receptive field properties. As the anatomical properties of ...
~ Pergamon
... Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH pub. No. 80-22, 1987). All efforts were taken to reduce the number of monkeys used and to minimize suffering. The monkeys had received small intracerebral injections of either horseradish peroxidase or fluorescent dyes in connection with other experiments. In the forme ...
... Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH pub. No. 80-22, 1987). All efforts were taken to reduce the number of monkeys used and to minimize suffering. The monkeys had received small intracerebral injections of either horseradish peroxidase or fluorescent dyes in connection with other experiments. In the forme ...
Jukic et al. SUPPLEMANTARY SUPLEMENTARY METHODS En1+/
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
Final Motor System2010-10-01 06:264.1 MB
... primary motor cortex. It is more extensive than primary motor cortex (about 6 times), receives input from sensory regions of parietal cortex & projects to M1, spinal cord and brain stem reticular formation ...
... primary motor cortex. It is more extensive than primary motor cortex (about 6 times), receives input from sensory regions of parietal cortex & projects to M1, spinal cord and brain stem reticular formation ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
... cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal neurons account for 15% to 25% (34, 35). Neurons of ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... Publisher Item Identifier S 1045-9227(02)02405-0. ...
... Publisher Item Identifier S 1045-9227(02)02405-0. ...
7. MODELING THE SOMATOTOPIC MAP 7.1 The Somatotopic Map
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...