Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
7. MODELING THE SOMATOTOPIC MAP 7.1 The Somatotopic Map
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...
Systems memory consolidation in Drosophila
... to be acquired, encoded, stored, maintained and retrieved. As time passes after training, memories become less easily retrieved, but also become progressively more stable in the face of experimental perturbations. This process is referred to as consolidation. But the term has been used to describe t ...
... to be acquired, encoded, stored, maintained and retrieved. As time passes after training, memories become less easily retrieved, but also become progressively more stable in the face of experimental perturbations. This process is referred to as consolidation. But the term has been used to describe t ...
Specification of Cerebral Cortical Areas
... remarkable product of brain evolution, not only because it makes up two-thirds of the neuronal mass and contains about three-quarters of all our synapses, but also because it is the structure that most distinctively sets us apart from other species. One of the most prominent features of the cerebral ...
... remarkable product of brain evolution, not only because it makes up two-thirds of the neuronal mass and contains about three-quarters of all our synapses, but also because it is the structure that most distinctively sets us apart from other species. One of the most prominent features of the cerebral ...
Induced pluripotent stem cells in Parkinson`s disease
... Oct4, are also linked to tumourigenesis.9 Of note, a canonical tumour suppressor, p53, is closely related to the generation of iPSCs. It was found that elevated p53 levels may significantly attenuate reprogramming through DNA damage response and p53-dependent apoptosis.10 Another reason for iPSC-rela ...
... Oct4, are also linked to tumourigenesis.9 Of note, a canonical tumour suppressor, p53, is closely related to the generation of iPSCs. It was found that elevated p53 levels may significantly attenuate reprogramming through DNA damage response and p53-dependent apoptosis.10 Another reason for iPSC-rela ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... was implanted over the stereotaxic coordinates of the RN. The recording chamber was centered on the midline and angled 35◦ posterior of vertical, which allowed us to identify the superior and inferior colliculus during penetrations into the rostral and caudal RN, respectively. Neural data was collec ...
... was implanted over the stereotaxic coordinates of the RN. The recording chamber was centered on the midline and angled 35◦ posterior of vertical, which allowed us to identify the superior and inferior colliculus during penetrations into the rostral and caudal RN, respectively. Neural data was collec ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by
... Author Manuscript Nature. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 September 15. ...
... Author Manuscript Nature. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 September 15. ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked ‘‘advertisement’’ in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked ‘‘advertisement’’ in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... studies. In most of the computational studies concerned with the synchronization mechanism in feed-forward neural pools, only a single spike (first spike) of each neuron is analyzed. In this paper we argue that a more realistic setting is when each neuron fires multiply. It is shown that unlike the ...
... studies. In most of the computational studies concerned with the synchronization mechanism in feed-forward neural pools, only a single spike (first spike) of each neuron is analyzed. In this paper we argue that a more realistic setting is when each neuron fires multiply. It is shown that unlike the ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... Van Essen 1991)] is far removed from the early areas (V1–V3) and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recen ...
... Van Essen 1991)] is far removed from the early areas (V1–V3) and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recen ...
emboj2008265-sup
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
... studies, we determined that measurements from neuronal somas, as opposed to neurites, would be more appropriate for the following reasons. As tBoc is a soluble molecule, it distributes uniformly within the cell, and therefore measurements taken from neurites produced very similar results to those t ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... affected by localised brain damage, by property or by category. Similarly, it has recently been argued (Gainotti, 2004) that the overall picture provided by functional brain imaging studies is by no means consistent and clear-cut (see also Gallese, 2003b). It should be added that even if one could p ...
... affected by localised brain damage, by property or by category. Similarly, it has recently been argued (Gainotti, 2004) that the overall picture provided by functional brain imaging studies is by no means consistent and clear-cut (see also Gallese, 2003b). It should be added that even if one could p ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... affected by localised brain damage, by property or by category. Similarly, it has recently been argued (Gainotti, 2004) that the overall picture provided by functional brain imaging studies is by no means consistent and clear-cut (see also Gallese, 2003b). It should be added that even if one could p ...
... affected by localised brain damage, by property or by category. Similarly, it has recently been argued (Gainotti, 2004) that the overall picture provided by functional brain imaging studies is by no means consistent and clear-cut (see also Gallese, 2003b). It should be added that even if one could p ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
... was nevertheless encoded in a minority of DMF and PF neurons. Of course, it is impossible to rule out the possibility that this finding resulted from the monkeys’ experience in their home cage, in which the location of objects was highly relevant to behavior. But DMF, at least, appears to be special ...
... was nevertheless encoded in a minority of DMF and PF neurons. Of course, it is impossible to rule out the possibility that this finding resulted from the monkeys’ experience in their home cage, in which the location of objects was highly relevant to behavior. But DMF, at least, appears to be special ...
NIPS/Dec99/notebook3
... elicit bursting activity (1). This is possible because these fibers possess large presynaptic knobs containing round glutamatergic vesicles. The synaptic contacts are so powerful that a single primary afferent fiber can generate pairs or triplets of output spikes from several target DCN neurons (8) ...
... elicit bursting activity (1). This is possible because these fibers possess large presynaptic knobs containing round glutamatergic vesicles. The synaptic contacts are so powerful that a single primary afferent fiber can generate pairs or triplets of output spikes from several target DCN neurons (8) ...
Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a
... recruitment and effects to the respective adaptive processes. These data therefore suggest a novel state-dependent mechanism by which an endogenously active central network can decrease or increase its responsiveness to the same sensory input. Key words: central pattern generator; sensorimotor adapt ...
... recruitment and effects to the respective adaptive processes. These data therefore suggest a novel state-dependent mechanism by which an endogenously active central network can decrease or increase its responsiveness to the same sensory input. Key words: central pattern generator; sensorimotor adapt ...
Transgenic Targeting of Recombinant Rabies Virus Reveals
... avian sarcoma and leukosis virus protein EnvA in its viral envelope so it can only infect cells that express EnvA’s receptor, TVA (Wickersham et al., 2007a). Since mammalian neurons do not express TVA, the injected virus cannot infect wild-type neurons. After infecting a TVA-positive neuron, the vir ...
... avian sarcoma and leukosis virus protein EnvA in its viral envelope so it can only infect cells that express EnvA’s receptor, TVA (Wickersham et al., 2007a). Since mammalian neurons do not express TVA, the injected virus cannot infect wild-type neurons. After infecting a TVA-positive neuron, the vir ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... While short trains of blue light evoked only GABAmediated inhibitory currents in mitral cells, more prolonged trains also activated a slow hyperpolarizing dopamine-mediated current. The results suggest that GABA is involved in dynamic odor processing, whereas dopamine is implicated in the slow adapt ...
... While short trains of blue light evoked only GABAmediated inhibitory currents in mitral cells, more prolonged trains also activated a slow hyperpolarizing dopamine-mediated current. The results suggest that GABA is involved in dynamic odor processing, whereas dopamine is implicated in the slow adapt ...