Biology 231
... membrane and less ATP (energy) is used to pump them back Synapses Between Neurons presynaptic neuron – sending neuron (axon synaptic end bulb) postsynaptic neuron – receiving neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft – small space between 2 communicating neurons an action potential in the presynaptic neuron ...
... membrane and less ATP (energy) is used to pump them back Synapses Between Neurons presynaptic neuron – sending neuron (axon synaptic end bulb) postsynaptic neuron – receiving neuron (dendrite) synaptic cleft – small space between 2 communicating neurons an action potential in the presynaptic neuron ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... maintenance of behavioural actions. However, little is known about the formation of the underlying circuits, or how they integrate sensory information for motor actions. Here, we show that paired embryonic neuroblasts generate central complex ring neurons that mediate sensory-motor transformation an ...
... maintenance of behavioural actions. However, little is known about the formation of the underlying circuits, or how they integrate sensory information for motor actions. Here, we show that paired embryonic neuroblasts generate central complex ring neurons that mediate sensory-motor transformation an ...
PDF file
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
The Central Nervous System
... Receptor (Sense organ) – detects stimuli Afferent (sensory neuron) – carries sensory info to CNS Ventral (anterior) root – contains motor neurons that carry motor info from CNS Spinal Nerve – contains sensory and motor neurons that carry sensory info to CNS and motor info out from CNS Somatic effect ...
... Receptor (Sense organ) – detects stimuli Afferent (sensory neuron) – carries sensory info to CNS Ventral (anterior) root – contains motor neurons that carry motor info from CNS Spinal Nerve – contains sensory and motor neurons that carry sensory info to CNS and motor info out from CNS Somatic effect ...
control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the
... macaque frontal cortex. Using a laser-coupled optical fiber in conjunction with a recording microelectrode, we showed that activation of excitatory neurons resulted in well-timed excitatory and suppressive influences on neocortical neural networks. ChR2 was safely expressed, and could mediate optica ...
... macaque frontal cortex. Using a laser-coupled optical fiber in conjunction with a recording microelectrode, we showed that activation of excitatory neurons resulted in well-timed excitatory and suppressive influences on neocortical neural networks. ChR2 was safely expressed, and could mediate optica ...
Axon - Cloudfront.net
... Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
... Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... The Cl area of RVL is sensitive to a variety of pharmacological agents, suggesting the richness of the transmitter regulation within the area's functional microcircuitry involved in the control of the circulation. Locally applied to RVL, GABA is a potent sympathoinhibitory agent. 8 ' x - 37 The fact ...
... The Cl area of RVL is sensitive to a variety of pharmacological agents, suggesting the richness of the transmitter regulation within the area's functional microcircuitry involved in the control of the circulation. Locally applied to RVL, GABA is a potent sympathoinhibitory agent. 8 ' x - 37 The fact ...
Fifty years of CPGs: two neuroethological papers that shaped BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
... on locomotion in insects and crayfish appeared almost simultaneously. Together these papers demonstrated that an animal’s central nervous system (CNS) was organized to produce behaviorally important motor output without the need for constant sensory feedback. These results contradicted the establish ...
... on locomotion in insects and crayfish appeared almost simultaneously. Together these papers demonstrated that an animal’s central nervous system (CNS) was organized to produce behaviorally important motor output without the need for constant sensory feedback. These results contradicted the establish ...
Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Model of the basic plan of the hypothalamus. It is convenient to start with the activation of a particular node (black) in the behavior control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and ...
... Model of the basic plan of the hypothalamus. It is convenient to start with the activation of a particular node (black) in the behavior control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... the right of the target. The container was present only when grasp-toplace trials were run. Thus, the presence/absence of the container and the type of target to be grasped (i.e., the small cube/food) acted as contextual cues allowing the monkey to predict the experimenter’s most likely motor act fo ...
... the right of the target. The container was present only when grasp-toplace trials were run. Thus, the presence/absence of the container and the type of target to be grasped (i.e., the small cube/food) acted as contextual cues allowing the monkey to predict the experimenter’s most likely motor act fo ...
LiuPoster - Department of Mathematics
... • How well the trajectory can follow the fixed point is determined by Ti and Te in equations 1 and 2). In my model, Ti is set larger than Te (Ti=5, Te=2), so the trajectory follows the fixed point better in the E direction •At high synchronies, the movement of the fixed point is very rapid, and the ...
... • How well the trajectory can follow the fixed point is determined by Ti and Te in equations 1 and 2). In my model, Ti is set larger than Te (Ti=5, Te=2), so the trajectory follows the fixed point better in the E direction •At high synchronies, the movement of the fixed point is very rapid, and the ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... Zhang, Yunfeng and Nobuo Suga. Corticofugal amplification of subcortical responses to single tone stimuli in the mustached bat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3489–3492, 1997. Since 1962, physiological data of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons have been controversial: inhibitory, excitatory ...
... Zhang, Yunfeng and Nobuo Suga. Corticofugal amplification of subcortical responses to single tone stimuli in the mustached bat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3489–3492, 1997. Since 1962, physiological data of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons have been controversial: inhibitory, excitatory ...
The Two Sides of Mimesis
... Helmuth Plessner (1928). Both philosophers, although starting from different premises, underline the pragmatic nature of human condition and criticize the subject-object dichotomy of traditional ontology. For Heidegger the facticity of human existence (2002) shapes reality as a field of pragmatic me ...
... Helmuth Plessner (1928). Both philosophers, although starting from different premises, underline the pragmatic nature of human condition and criticize the subject-object dichotomy of traditional ontology. For Heidegger the facticity of human existence (2002) shapes reality as a field of pragmatic me ...
Article Link - Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory
... 2012; Geritis et al. 2012; Jazayeri et al. 2012; Ohayon et al. 2013). These experiments demonstrate the potential for manipulating neural circuits in primate brains with optogenetic techniques. However, the magnitude of the behavioral effects observed in these studies has been notably less robust th ...
... 2012; Geritis et al. 2012; Jazayeri et al. 2012; Ohayon et al. 2013). These experiments demonstrate the potential for manipulating neural circuits in primate brains with optogenetic techniques. However, the magnitude of the behavioral effects observed in these studies has been notably less robust th ...
`Genotypes` for neural networks - laral
... We are interested in the evolution of organisms that can efficiently capture food elements randomly distributed in the environment. The environment is a two-dimensional square divided up into cells. At any particular moment an organism (O) occupies one of the cells. Food elements are randomly distri ...
... We are interested in the evolution of organisms that can efficiently capture food elements randomly distributed in the environment. The environment is a two-dimensional square divided up into cells. At any particular moment an organism (O) occupies one of the cells. Food elements are randomly distri ...
Compete to Compute
... in many pattern recognition tasks, not only resemble the brain in a superficial sense, but also draw on many of its computational and functional properties. One of the long studied properties of biological neural circuits which has yet to fully impact the machine learning community is the nature of ...
... in many pattern recognition tasks, not only resemble the brain in a superficial sense, but also draw on many of its computational and functional properties. One of the long studied properties of biological neural circuits which has yet to fully impact the machine learning community is the nature of ...
neuron
... • K+ repelled by the positive intracellular fluid now exit the cell • their outflow repolarizes the membrane 5.) K+ gates stay open longer than the Na+ gates • slightly more K+ leaves the cell than Na+ entering • drops the membrane voltage 1 or 2 mV more negative than the original RMP – negative ove ...
... • K+ repelled by the positive intracellular fluid now exit the cell • their outflow repolarizes the membrane 5.) K+ gates stay open longer than the Na+ gates • slightly more K+ leaves the cell than Na+ entering • drops the membrane voltage 1 or 2 mV more negative than the original RMP – negative ove ...
Zebrafish primary neurons initiate expression of the
... of nucleus of posterior commissure. In E the solid lines represent segment borders. Bars, 50 µm. ...
... of nucleus of posterior commissure. In E the solid lines represent segment borders. Bars, 50 µm. ...
DESCENDING TRACTS - University of Kansas
... Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
... Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... Our exploration of the role of medial motor area neurons in interval timing yielded three major findings. First, a majority of preSMA neurons responding to the instruction signal showed selectivity to the interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that th ...
... Our exploration of the role of medial motor area neurons in interval timing yielded three major findings. First, a majority of preSMA neurons responding to the instruction signal showed selectivity to the interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that th ...
Full text
... Among different methods used so far, lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS; e.g., [12]) or chemodenervation by means of botulinum A toxin (BTX) injections (e.g. [30]) have been thought to be very promising techniques in the therapy of progressive idiopathic scoliosis in children, even though ...
... Among different methods used so far, lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS; e.g., [12]) or chemodenervation by means of botulinum A toxin (BTX) injections (e.g. [30]) have been thought to be very promising techniques in the therapy of progressive idiopathic scoliosis in children, even though ...