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... Among different methods used so far, lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS; e.g., [12]) or chemodenervation by means of botulinum A toxin (BTX) injections (e.g. [30]) have been thought to be very promising techniques in the therapy of progressive idiopathic scoliosis in children, even though ...
... Among different methods used so far, lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS; e.g., [12]) or chemodenervation by means of botulinum A toxin (BTX) injections (e.g. [30]) have been thought to be very promising techniques in the therapy of progressive idiopathic scoliosis in children, even though ...
DESCENDING TRACTS - University of Kansas
... Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
... Descends in anterior portion of lateral funiculus (column). Thought to mediate larger movements of trunk and limbs that do not require balance or fine movements of upper limbs. ...
Az alvás és ébrenlét, gondolkodás, morális és emocionális
... cleared the sand covering the great Sphinx, as requested by Hormokhu, and was granted prosperity. Thutmes IV lived approximately 1450 B.C. ...
... cleared the sand covering the great Sphinx, as requested by Hormokhu, and was granted prosperity. Thutmes IV lived approximately 1450 B.C. ...
Vocal Control Neuron Incorporation Decreases with Age in the Adult
... Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the major brain regions involved in song learning and control. The efferent pathway for song control is highlighted in black. Our main focus is the HVC and the neurons incorporated into the HVC that project to the RA. nAM, Nucleus ambiguus; DLM, medial portion of the d ...
... Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the major brain regions involved in song learning and control. The efferent pathway for song control is highlighted in black. Our main focus is the HVC and the neurons incorporated into the HVC that project to the RA. nAM, Nucleus ambiguus; DLM, medial portion of the d ...
Skeletal System
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
Identification of Mechanoafferent Neurons in Terrestrial Snail
... of the animal weight). The central ganglionic ring was removed from the animal and pinned to a silicone-elastomer (Sylgard)-coated dish. Connective tissue sheath was partially removed using fine forceps and scissors. To facilitate further desheathing, ganglia were treated with Protease (0.25 mg/ml; ...
... of the animal weight). The central ganglionic ring was removed from the animal and pinned to a silicone-elastomer (Sylgard)-coated dish. Connective tissue sheath was partially removed using fine forceps and scissors. To facilitate further desheathing, ganglia were treated with Protease (0.25 mg/ml; ...
Linking Genetically Defined Neurons to Behavior through a Broadly
... between PFs and PCs. This defect is the result of granule cell dysfunction: (1) GFPtox-mediated depression of PF neurotransmitter release and (2) perhaps blockade of the mossy fiberto-granule cell synapse (an upstream synapse), given that mossy fiber neurons are also Math1-cre-descendants and positi ...
... between PFs and PCs. This defect is the result of granule cell dysfunction: (1) GFPtox-mediated depression of PF neurotransmitter release and (2) perhaps blockade of the mossy fiberto-granule cell synapse (an upstream synapse), given that mossy fiber neurons are also Math1-cre-descendants and positi ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Dopamine gating of forebrain neural ensembles
... depolarizations become synchronized at a low frequency, while barbiturates shut them down completely by their stronger overall cortical depression. A recent study in cats trained to become accustomed to being held in a stereotaxic apparatus has shown up–down transitions oscillating at near 1 Hz whil ...
... depolarizations become synchronized at a low frequency, while barbiturates shut them down completely by their stronger overall cortical depression. A recent study in cats trained to become accustomed to being held in a stereotaxic apparatus has shown up–down transitions oscillating at near 1 Hz whil ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... animals were young adult gerbils. A gerbil was deeply anaesthetized and its left cochlea was exposed. Tones from a loudspeaker were delivered to the ear via a tube ®tted to the left ear canal. The level of the tones was calibrated in the ear canal at the beginning of each experiment. Basal scala tym ...
... animals were young adult gerbils. A gerbil was deeply anaesthetized and its left cochlea was exposed. Tones from a loudspeaker were delivered to the ear via a tube ®tted to the left ear canal. The level of the tones was calibrated in the ear canal at the beginning of each experiment. Basal scala tym ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... 1.2 The Computational Role of Invariances. As invariant response properties are such a ubiquitous property of sensory systems, what are their computational advantages? In many categorization tasks, the output should be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An i ...
... 1.2 The Computational Role of Invariances. As invariant response properties are such a ubiquitous property of sensory systems, what are their computational advantages? In many categorization tasks, the output should be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An i ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, whereas our study was based on the ‘rewarded-versus-nonrew ...
... considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, whereas our study was based on the ‘rewarded-versus-nonrew ...
doc Practice midterm
... 7. Which of the following pairs of structures are analogous (perform similar functions) a. Nucleus gracilis and main sensory nucleus of V b. Intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus c. Hypoglossal nucleus and ventral horn spinal cord d. Clarke’s column and S ...
... 7. Which of the following pairs of structures are analogous (perform similar functions) a. Nucleus gracilis and main sensory nucleus of V b. Intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus c. Hypoglossal nucleus and ventral horn spinal cord d. Clarke’s column and S ...
PDF file
... with a value, so that a value-based selection mechanism arbitrates which symbolic long-term behavior is executed [26]. Therefore, the value system is like an approval system. Such an approval idea ran into problems with neuromorphic systems. For example, Merrick 2011 [13] proposed an network archite ...
... with a value, so that a value-based selection mechanism arbitrates which symbolic long-term behavior is executed [26]. Therefore, the value system is like an approval system. Such an approval idea ran into problems with neuromorphic systems. For example, Merrick 2011 [13] proposed an network archite ...
Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Activity in
... sharp electrodes to record from the rNST neurons, but even with the very stable recording conditions provided by a brain slice it proved difficult to obtain and hold neurons (Bradley and Sweazey, 1990). These problems were overcome by using the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique t ...
... sharp electrodes to record from the rNST neurons, but even with the very stable recording conditions provided by a brain slice it proved difficult to obtain and hold neurons (Bradley and Sweazey, 1990). These problems were overcome by using the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique t ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... continually on the basis of new information obtained at all levels of inquiry, from the channels responsible for electrical activity in parts of the neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, thi ...
... continually on the basis of new information obtained at all levels of inquiry, from the channels responsible for electrical activity in parts of the neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, thi ...
NIHMS263877-supplement-1
... the choice of the matrix J and the vector h, which are specified in the section 1.2 “Choice of network parameters”. In simulations, amplitudes and timescales are determined from the spectral decomposition of J (i.e. its eigenvalues and eigenvectors) following Eqs.(1.5) and (1.6). The distribution of ...
... the choice of the matrix J and the vector h, which are specified in the section 1.2 “Choice of network parameters”. In simulations, amplitudes and timescales are determined from the spectral decomposition of J (i.e. its eigenvalues and eigenvectors) following Eqs.(1.5) and (1.6). The distribution of ...
Barnes TD, Kubota Y, Hu D, Jin DZ, Graybiel AM. Activity of striatal
... Supplementary Fig. 7 and Supplementary Methods). Restructuring of the day-by-day neural activity patterns in the ‘fast learners’ (n ¼ 5) but not in the ‘slow learners’ (n ¼ 2) early during acquisition (Supplementary Fig. 8) favoured a primary correspondence between the evolution of the neural restru ...
... Supplementary Fig. 7 and Supplementary Methods). Restructuring of the day-by-day neural activity patterns in the ‘fast learners’ (n ¼ 5) but not in the ‘slow learners’ (n ¼ 2) early during acquisition (Supplementary Fig. 8) favoured a primary correspondence between the evolution of the neural restru ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar pro ...
... cortex of mammals including monkeys15–18 and humans19,20. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that across the precentral gyrus of the upper-limb area of primary motor cortex (MI), these oscillations are not perfectly synchronized but rather exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar pro ...
Spring 2011 MCB Transcript
... Isacoff. “It’s actually genes encoding proteins that can be controlled by light.” Light-activated molecules that act as switches for a cellular function provide researchers with precise spatial and temporal control of the process they are studying. The experiments can be designed for use noninvasive ...
... Isacoff. “It’s actually genes encoding proteins that can be controlled by light.” Light-activated molecules that act as switches for a cellular function provide researchers with precise spatial and temporal control of the process they are studying. The experiments can be designed for use noninvasive ...
Motion perception: Seeing and deciding
... neuroscience has achieved considerable insight concerning the physiological basis of sensory representation and motor activity, the cognitive link between sensation and action—the detection and discrimination processes themselves—remains obscure. We present neurophysiological data from the parietal ...
... neuroscience has achieved considerable insight concerning the physiological basis of sensory representation and motor activity, the cognitive link between sensation and action—the detection and discrimination processes themselves—remains obscure. We present neurophysiological data from the parietal ...