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Music Chapter 7 new whole chapter New edit 2014sp
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... minor scales – like a major scale with a lowered, 3rd, 6th, and 7th degree  Harmonic Minor scale – thought of as a major scale with a lowered 3rd and 6th degree  Melodic minor scale – ascending form is like a major scale with a lowered 3rd degree, the descending form is the same as the natural min ...
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Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony



Sub-Saharan harmony is based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (similar chords changing simultaneously), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme). Polyphony (contrapuntal and ostinato variation) is common in African music and heterophony (the voices move at different times) is a common technique as well. Although these principles of traditional (precolonial and pre-Arab) African music are of pan-African validity, the degree to which they are used in one area over another (or in the same community) varies. Specific techniques that used to generate harmony in Africa are the ""span process"", ""pedal notes"" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), ""Rhythmic harmony"", ""harmony by imitation"", and ""scalar clusters"" (see below for explanation of these terms).
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