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lesson 2: musical alphabet, scale degrees and solfeggio
lesson 2: musical alphabet, scale degrees and solfeggio

... Using numbers, count the lines and spaces in between the two notes including the note you start on and the note you end on. This is how we "count" intervals. ...
The demise of number ratios in music theory
The demise of number ratios in music theory

... minimizes beats between almost-coincident harmonics - only if spectra are harmonic and steady (slow, non-vibrato) ...
A Musical Scale Generated from the Ratio of Consecutive Primes
A Musical Scale Generated from the Ratio of Consecutive Primes

... products of primes ≤ p [8]. The reader who requires a primer explaining how notes and intervals are traditionally represented in tuning theory is referred to Kyle Gann’s article “Just Intonation Explained” ...
view
view

... London: Yale University Press, 1999 Helmholtz, Herman von. On the Sensations of Tone; translated by A. J. Ellis, 4th edition 1885 Reprint, New York: Dover Publication, 1954 Lindley, Mark: ‘Temperaments, 9. Fretted Instruments’ Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 January 2007), http://www.gro ...
The Establishment of Equal Temperament
The Establishment of Equal Temperament

... tune. In fact, some keys still sounded better than others. Both of these temperaments allowed for the freedom to modulate between all twelve keys while upholding the character of the keys. One of the greatest treasures that came from the Baroque era amidst the tuning and temperament controversies w ...
Mathematics and Music (Mathematical World, Vol. 28)
Mathematics and Music (Mathematical World, Vol. 28)

... t is a commonplace that there are links between the world of mathematics and the world of music. But in the literature on these connections, the two areas play asymmetric roles. The reader is usually assumed to have some mathematical background: Mathematical terms and theories are used with little e ...
The Musical Intervals Tutor
The Musical Intervals Tutor

... You can also listen to the different sequences of intervals that make up various scales and modes by clicking Listen to Modes and Scales. And if you would like to test your knowledge of those sequences, click Take Test 3. ...
Intervals
Intervals

... interval using the same notes, the upper note will have a flat or the lower note will have a sharp Create the interval of a diminished 5th (d5) above G4. What accidentals do you need to use? Create the interval of a minor 6th (m6) below D5. Create the interval of a perfect 4th (P4) below B3. ...
Up and Down the Scale
Up and Down the Scale

...  Other combinations of tones that sound well have frequency ratios that are ratios of whole numbers (integers).  It was believed olden times, that this last property makes music “perfect” and was therefore a gift from the gods, not to be screwed with.  This allowed Pythagoras to create and unders ...
How is the golden ratio used in music?
How is the golden ratio used in music?

... its octave. A scale is composed of 8 notes, of which the 5th and 3rd notes create the basic foundation of all chords, and are based on whole tone which is 2 steps from the root tone that is the 1st note of the scale. ...
Basic Music Theory
Basic Music Theory

... Basic Music Theory Western Music is derived from an equally tempered “tuning” and contains 12 different pitches: A, A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G# Same thing written with flats (enharmonic equivalent): A, Bb, B, C, Db, D, Eb, E, F, Gb, G, Ab Pitch: the frequency of a note; how high or deep it ...
Tree Structure for Set of Intervals
Tree Structure for Set of Intervals

... Root nor any node on the left or right boundary path of the tree can have any intervals of the canonical interval decomposition attached to it because their node intervals are unbounded and we are representing only finite intervals. ...
Voice leading from IV-V
Voice leading from IV-V

... Parallel fifths and octaves The bass-tenor interval in the IV chord is a fifth, and the bass-alto interval is an octave. This pattern is repeated in the V chord. These progressions are known as parallel fifths and parallel octaves, and should be avoided when writing homophonic and homorhythmic music ...
Time Signatures and Intervals
Time Signatures and Intervals

... on the left - does it affect the notes in the interval. Look left. ...
Lecture 2
Lecture 2

...  When we divide octave segments into smaller intervals theses are called scales. ...
PHYSICAL THEORY OF MUSIC
PHYSICAL THEORY OF MUSIC

... a fundamental frequency along with many multiple motions, known as harmonics. We confirmed that the length of a string or a pipe is inversely proportional to the frequency of the sound that is produced when subjected to oscillation. Two sounds are in harmony when they have many common harmonics. We ...
Benward Chapter 9
Benward Chapter 9

... the tone on which the chord is constructed, which is the root of the triad. The note a third above the root is called the third of the triad. The fifth above the root is the fifth of the triad. Triads are named by the root and the quality of sound: thus, in the following example, a major triad built ...
June 27 - UCSB Music
June 27 - UCSB Music

... pitch will appear below the bottom staff. In order to be clear, these pitches are written with ledger lines. Ledger lines help to tell us how far above or below the staff the note it. These pitches are also easy to name because the letter-names of pitches continue in both directions in s cycle… Intr ...
Theory 9-26 - Introduction to Music Theory
Theory 9-26 - Introduction to Music Theory

... When the tonic and the upper note of an interval are from the same major scale, it is called a diatonic interval. All diatonic intervals in the major scale are either perfect (P) or major (M). This is true for ALL major scales. P1 = perfect unison P8 = perfect octave P1, M2, M3, P4, P5, M6, M7, P8 ...
w - Music at Hopkins
w - Music at Hopkins

... In music, an interval is the distance between two notes. A melodic interval is the distance between two notes shich are played one at a time. A harmonic interval is the distance between two notes which are played at the same time. Melodic Intervals ...
Physics of Music PHY103 Worksheet #4 Setup for fretted monochord
Physics of Music PHY103 Worksheet #4 Setup for fretted monochord

... Pitches are commonly measured with respect to the frequencies of the tempered scale with a concert A of 440Hz. These frequencies are listed in the table below. Tuners usually give the nearest note on the tempered scale and the difference between this not and the one you played. This difference is gi ...
Aspects of mathematics and music in Ancient Greece
Aspects of mathematics and music in Ancient Greece

... construction of musical scales and that the different modalities of tetrachord’s subdivision defined the genera. For that purpose the Pythagoreans used mathematical processes. By extracting the 4th from the fifth, they defined the ratio of the tone (9:8). Then various ‘semitones’ sizes occurred: the ...
11 – Music temperament and pitch
11 – Music temperament and pitch

... It turns out that these requirements cannot be satisfied at the same time, so that one has to make compromises. A great number of temperaments had been proposed during the development of music theory and practice, to variable success. All temperaments fall into three groups: Open temperaments, close ...
MUSICAL ACOUSTICS Tutorial 2: Solution Guide
MUSICAL ACOUSTICS Tutorial 2: Solution Guide

... For frequencies above a few hundred hertz, the critical bandwidth of the human ear is approximately one third of an octave. What is the pitch interval corresponding to 1/3 octave? How high up the harmonic series in Figure 1 do you need to go to find adjacent harmonics lying within one critical band? ...
doc
doc

... Every time you go up an octave, you increase the frequency by a power of 2. C6:C3 is a frequency ratio of 23 C6:C3 corresponds to adding 1200 cents three times. 1200 + 1200 + 1200 = 3600 cents. Note that you take the base 2 logarithm of the frequency ratio to get the cents difference: # of cents = 1 ...
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Quarter-comma meantone

Quarter-comma meantone, or 1/4-comma meantone, was the most common meantone temperament in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and was sometimes used later. This method is a variant of Pythagorean tuning. The difference is that in this system the perfect fifth is flattened by one quarter of a syntonic comma, with respect to its just intonation used in Pythagorean tuning (frequency ratio 3:2). The purpose is to obtain justly intoned major thirds (with a frequency ratio equal to 5:4). It was described by Pietro Aron (also spelled Aaron), in his Toscanello de la Musica of 1523, by saying the major thirds should be tuned to be ""sonorous and just, as united as possible."" Later theorists Gioseffo Zarlino and Francisco de Salinas described the tuning with mathematical exactitude.
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