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summary of product characteristics
summary of product characteristics

... infusion has been stopped. In those cases where the QTc interval has not returned to baseline, the cardiac rhythm should be supervised for more than 4 hours. Longer monitoring may be required if proarrhythmic activity is noted during CORVERT infusion or during the 4 hour monitoring period. If seriou ...
Arrhythmias: Hyperfunction
Arrhythmias: Hyperfunction

... QT Interval: represents electrical depolarization and repolarization of the left and right ventricles. T Wave: absolutely refractory period ST Segment: represents the period when the ventricles are depolarized. ...
Ischaemic Heart Disease
Ischaemic Heart Disease

...  Coronary flow for LV only occurs during diastole due to high filling pressures, whilst flow for RV occurs during both systole + diastole. This explains why LV is infracted more often than RV (i.e.: RV has better blood supply). Myocardial Ischaemia (Robbins 6th Ed pp 550) There are different levels ...
How to read ECG - Simply Psychiatry
How to read ECG - Simply Psychiatry

... • Atrial fibrillation: A chaotic rhythm, which originates from multiple sites in atria. Only some impulses get through to the ventricles. Atria contract rapidly and ventricular response is generally variable so every p wave will not be followed by QRS complex • Ventricular tachycardia: H.R > 100, QR ...
Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmics and Vasoactive Substances
Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmics and Vasoactive Substances

... Na+ channels.  1 – Repolarisation due to inactivation of Na+ channels (fast Na+ channels, activation of K+ channels that let K+ out of the cell. ...
Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmics and Vasoactive Substances
Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmics and Vasoactive Substances

... Na+ channels.  1 – Repolarisation due to inactivation of Na+ channels (fast Na+ channels, activation of K+ channels that let K+ out of the cell. ...
What Is an Automated External Defibrillator?
What Is an Automated External Defibrillator?

... to resume in a heart in sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is an abrupt loss of heart function. If it’s not treated within minutes, it quickly leads to death. Most sudden cardiac arrests result from ventricular fibrillation. This is a rapid and unsynchronized heart rhythm starting in the h ...
BME lecture 6 - pv loops (Sept 14, 2004)
BME lecture 6 - pv loops (Sept 14, 2004)

... LV volume (ml) Figure 6-6. Comparison of pressure-volume loops in calves with normal (top) and failing ventricles (below) during continuous flow (CF) ventricular assist device (VAD) support at 75% and 100% bypass. Notice that in normal ventricle model, the only effect is a leftward shift of PV loop. ...
Understanding EKG
Understanding EKG

... • Axis that is perpendicular to lead axis with the smallest net amplitude (positive-negative deflection voltages) • In preceding slides, this is lead III. • Therefore, mean electrical axis would be perpendicular to lead III. – Lead III has deflection of 120o – Perpendicular to that would be -90o – T ...
天津医科大学授课教案
天津医科大学授课教案

... Emphasis,Difficult Points and Requirements on Student 1 To master Sinus Tachycardia, Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Pause or Sinus Arrest ,Sinoatrial Exit and Block Sick Sinus Syndrome(SSS) 2 To master Premature Atrial Complexes ,Atrial Flutter ,Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Tachycardias 3 To master AV J ...
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS - سایت جامع پرستاران
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS - سایت جامع پرستاران

... myocardial infarction  Tocainide is used for ventricular tachyarrhythmias but its use is limited by its pulmonary toxicity that may lead to pulmonary fibrosis ...
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

... myocardial infarction  Tocainide is used for ventricular tachyarrhythmias but its use is limited by its pulmonary toxicity that may lead to pulmonary fibrosis ...
9 Abstract from Emil..
9 Abstract from Emil..

... failure using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Methods Six weeks after induction of left ventricular myocardial infarction (MI), 23 male Wistar rats were examined with PC-MRI, in addition to 8 sham-operated animals. PC-MRI was used to measure longitudinal and circumferential strai ...
The Heart I. Heart anatomy. A. Size and location.
The Heart I. Heart anatomy. A. Size and location.

... the basic rhythm. - basis of independent, coordinated activity of the heart: - autorhythmicity of some cardiac cells. - conduction system in heart -- composed of noncontractile cardiac cells. - electrical coupling of the cardiac muscle cells. 1. Autorhythmicity of cardiac cells. - 1% of cardiac cell ...
Historical Perspectives of Cardiac Electrophysiology
Historical Perspectives of Cardiac Electrophysiology

... was not recognized at that time, Waller’s work nevertheless laid the foundation for modern electrocardiography. Waller found that the electrical currents generated by the heart could be recorded with a mercury capillary electrometer when the electrodes were placed on the chest or the limbs. The capi ...
Causes - EDExam
Causes - EDExam

... Rate of about 30-40/min (40-100bpm = “accelerated idioventrcular rhythm”) Each beat has appearance of a ventricular contraction May degenerate to Asystole ECG Features Rate: atrial: nil ventricular: 30-40 Regularity: Regular QRS Duration: widened Morphology: Pwaves – absent QRS Complexes: wide, biza ...
The Public Access to Automated External Defibrillation Act of 2000
The Public Access to Automated External Defibrillation Act of 2000

... (7) in the case of a defibrillator that may be operated in either an automatic or a manual mode, is set to operate in the automatic mode. (b) Cardiac arrest means a condition, often sudden, that is due to abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias. It is generally the result of some underlying form o ...
Zoltan Papp, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Institute of Cardiology, Clinical
Zoltan Papp, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Institute of Cardiology, Clinical

... over left ventricular end-diastolic volume; normal value > 50%). Diastolic heart failure is therefore also often called heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Patients with diastolic heart failure are usually older than patients ...
Table 3. Classification of Ventricular Arrhythmias - Af
Table 3. Classification of Ventricular Arrhythmias - Af

... The following material was adapted from the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006; 48:1064-1108, Circulation 2006; 114: 1088-1132, and E ...
rdw correlates with left atrial dimension and lvedp in catheterized
rdw correlates with left atrial dimension and lvedp in catheterized

... left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) diagnosed during cardiac catheterization. Background: RDW is an independent prognostic factor in patients with congestive heart failure. In this population, High RDW is also associated with higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Based on this observation, we so ...
Anatomy and Physiology. Cardiac and Conduction System.
Anatomy and Physiology. Cardiac and Conduction System.

... – electrode position – pathophysiology – conduction abnormality. ...
AED Study Guide
AED Study Guide

... An AED will only work for patients with certain heart rhythms, namely ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. An AED will not work for the 'flat line' asystolic patient, although CPR can help induce a shockable rhythm in an asystolic patient. ...
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with supraventricular or
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with supraventricular or

... heart rate (1-4 µg/min i.v.) as initial steps. Atrial or ventricular pacing may be an option to suppress the polymorphic VT. In these situations with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia there is also a clear indication for emergency treatment with amiodarone (150-300 mg i.v., followed by infusion of ...
PDF - Circulation: Heart Failure
PDF - Circulation: Heart Failure

... features in this case were consistent with amyloidotic cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis of familial transthyretin (TTR)associated amyloidosis was considered after endomyocardial ...
Documentation and Coding for Cardiac Conditions
Documentation and Coding for Cardiac Conditions

... heart's muscle, valves or beating rhythm are also considered forms of heart disease. All types of heart disease share common traits, but they also have key differences. The goal of this article is to spend some time looking at documentation and diagnosis coding for conditions that fall under the car ...
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Ventricular fibrillation



Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly. Ventricular fibrillation is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients. While there is some activity, the lay person is usually unable to detect it by palpating (feeling) the major pulse points of the carotid and femoral arteries. Such an arrhythmia is only confirmed by electrocardiography. Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency that requires prompt Advanced Life Support interventions. If this arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, it will likely degenerate further into asystole (""flatline""). This condition results in cardiogenic shock and cessation of effective blood circulation. As a consequence, sudden cardiac death (SCD) will result in a matter of minutes. If the patient is not revived after a sufficient period (within roughly 5 minutes at room temperature), the patient could sustain irreversible brain damage and possibly become brain-dead, due to the effects of cerebral hypoxia. On the other hand, death often occurs if sinus rhythm is not restored within 90 seconds of the onset of VF, especially if it has degenerated further into asystole.
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