Neural Network Dynamics
... that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large number of models and applications, we illustrate the existing issues and the progress made using two basic models: a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibits sustained and oscillatory activity and a netwo ...
... that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large number of models and applications, we illustrate the existing issues and the progress made using two basic models: a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibits sustained and oscillatory activity and a netwo ...
From autism to ADHD: computational simulations
... Reduced functional connectivity The underconnectivity theory of autism is based on the following: • Excess of low-level (sensory) processes. • Underfunctioning of high-level neural connections and synchronization, • fMRI and EEG study suggests that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the ...
... Reduced functional connectivity The underconnectivity theory of autism is based on the following: • Excess of low-level (sensory) processes. • Underfunctioning of high-level neural connections and synchronization, • fMRI and EEG study suggests that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the ...
NervousSystem3
... The motor cortex is the area of the cerebral cortex at which initiation of voluntary motor activity takes place. In all the species that we study, and in humans, the motor cortex is located immediately anterior to the somatosensory cortex. Voluntary, deliberate, motor activity is the result of proc ...
... The motor cortex is the area of the cerebral cortex at which initiation of voluntary motor activity takes place. In all the species that we study, and in humans, the motor cortex is located immediately anterior to the somatosensory cortex. Voluntary, deliberate, motor activity is the result of proc ...
The Synaptic Cleft or Synapse
... The axon terminal at a synapse contains tiny vesicles filled with chemicals called neurotransmitters. If a nerve impulse takes place, vesicles fuse and release the neurotransmitter. A common neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. ...
... The axon terminal at a synapse contains tiny vesicles filled with chemicals called neurotransmitters. If a nerve impulse takes place, vesicles fuse and release the neurotransmitter. A common neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
... Population coding is a method of encoding information in the combined activity of a pool of neurons [61,62]. The firing rate of each neuron is determined by a tuning function (Figure IA) with a peak at a ‘preferred’ value that differs from neuron to neuron. This coding strategy is common throughout ...
... Population coding is a method of encoding information in the combined activity of a pool of neurons [61,62]. The firing rate of each neuron is determined by a tuning function (Figure IA) with a peak at a ‘preferred’ value that differs from neuron to neuron. This coding strategy is common throughout ...
Symposium Poster - uospur
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
Nervous Systems
... In mammals, circadian rhythms are coordinated by a group of neurons in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN. o The SCN acts as a pacemaker, synchronizing the biological clock in cells throughout the body to the natural cycles of day length. o By surgically removing the SCN from ...
... In mammals, circadian rhythms are coordinated by a group of neurons in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN. o The SCN acts as a pacemaker, synchronizing the biological clock in cells throughout the body to the natural cycles of day length. o By surgically removing the SCN from ...
vikram_slides1
... shortened stimuli ~ lower frequency and vice versa Weighted sum of spikes matches psychophysical data ...
... shortened stimuli ~ lower frequency and vice versa Weighted sum of spikes matches psychophysical data ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
Nervous System III – Reflexes and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
... (found in the grey matter of the spinal cord) received the information and interprets it. It then sends out a response signal. 4) The muscles and makes it react. This reaction can be ...
... (found in the grey matter of the spinal cord) received the information and interprets it. It then sends out a response signal. 4) The muscles and makes it react. This reaction can be ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... olfactory bulb—has indicated that both monomolecular and complex odours are represented there combinatorially by dynamical assemblies of projection neurons5,9–11. Each neuron in an odourcoding assembly responds with an odour-specific temporal firing pattern consisting of periods of activity and sile ...
... olfactory bulb—has indicated that both monomolecular and complex odours are represented there combinatorially by dynamical assemblies of projection neurons5,9–11. Each neuron in an odourcoding assembly responds with an odour-specific temporal firing pattern consisting of periods of activity and sile ...
Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli
... represented by the PDFs. In other words, the brain would need to store the information that allows it to infer the likelihood that a neuron (or ensemble of neurons) responds in a certain way under the two hypotheses under consideration. Moreover, the brain would need to take into account a potential ...
... represented by the PDFs. In other words, the brain would need to store the information that allows it to infer the likelihood that a neuron (or ensemble of neurons) responds in a certain way under the two hypotheses under consideration. Moreover, the brain would need to take into account a potential ...
A plastic axonal hotspot
... Neurons generate their output signal — the action potential — in a distinct region of the axon called the initial segment. The location and extent of this trigger zone can be modified by neural activity to control excitability. ...
... Neurons generate their output signal — the action potential — in a distinct region of the axon called the initial segment. The location and extent of this trigger zone can be modified by neural activity to control excitability. ...
bio 342 human physiology
... Dorsal roots = sensory (afferent) Ventral roots = motor (efferent, both somatic and autonomic) Gray matter regions of brain and spinal cord “Pinched nerves” and bulging discs Ascending and descending axonal tracts in white matter not anatomically delineated. ...
... Dorsal roots = sensory (afferent) Ventral roots = motor (efferent, both somatic and autonomic) Gray matter regions of brain and spinal cord “Pinched nerves” and bulging discs Ascending and descending axonal tracts in white matter not anatomically delineated. ...
Neural Cell Assemblies for Practical
... a large number of neurons that are connected via synapses with large strengths. Neurons fire when they get a large amount of input, so the activation of a few of these neurons will cause the other neurons to activate. The activation of a large portion of the ...
... a large number of neurons that are connected via synapses with large strengths. Neurons fire when they get a large amount of input, so the activation of a few of these neurons will cause the other neurons to activate. The activation of a large portion of the ...
Trauma and Brain Neurobiology
... between sensory signals that co-occur in any given moment in time. This capacity allows us to survive but it also makes us vulnerable to false associations. These false associations impact children in a number of ways. They can cause a traumatized child to jump at a loud sound or lash out at a raise ...
... between sensory signals that co-occur in any given moment in time. This capacity allows us to survive but it also makes us vulnerable to false associations. These false associations impact children in a number of ways. They can cause a traumatized child to jump at a loud sound or lash out at a raise ...
Artificial Neural Networks
... • An Artificial Neural Network is a network of interconnected artificial neurons. • Like in a biological neural network, artificial neurons communicate by sending signals to one another. • Each input to an artificial neuron can either inhibit or excite the artificial neuron. ...
... • An Artificial Neural Network is a network of interconnected artificial neurons. • Like in a biological neural network, artificial neurons communicate by sending signals to one another. • Each input to an artificial neuron can either inhibit or excite the artificial neuron. ...
Parts of the Brain - University of Peradeniya
... • Nervous system consists of nerve tissues: neurons and glia • Brain and spinal cord belongs to CNS • In CNS, macroscopically white and gray matter are identifiable • These white and gray matter are arranged into different areas of the brain and spinal cord ...
... • Nervous system consists of nerve tissues: neurons and glia • Brain and spinal cord belongs to CNS • In CNS, macroscopically white and gray matter are identifiable • These white and gray matter are arranged into different areas of the brain and spinal cord ...
File - Perkins Science
... the axons of CNS neurons b.Microglia: migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material c.Astrocytes: regulate the external environment of the neurons d.Ependymal cells: line the ventricles and secrete ...
... the axons of CNS neurons b.Microglia: migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material c.Astrocytes: regulate the external environment of the neurons d.Ependymal cells: line the ventricles and secrete ...
Axon - Perkins Science
... the axons of CNS neurons b.Microglia: migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material c.Astrocytes: regulate the external environment of the neurons d.Ependymal cells: line the ventricles and secrete ...
... the axons of CNS neurons b.Microglia: migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material c.Astrocytes: regulate the external environment of the neurons d.Ependymal cells: line the ventricles and secrete ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.