Philosophy of the spike
... The question is not: « is firing rate or spike timing more informative/useful? » but: « which one is the basis of computation? » ...
... The question is not: « is firing rate or spike timing more informative/useful? » but: « which one is the basis of computation? » ...
Biosychology_Intro Reading
... Endorphins: Associated with emotions and pain perception. The body releases endorphins in response to fear or trauma. These chemical messengers are similar to opiate drugs such as morphine, but are significantly stronger. Dopamine: Associated with thought and pleasurable feelings. Parkinson’s diseas ...
... Endorphins: Associated with emotions and pain perception. The body releases endorphins in response to fear or trauma. These chemical messengers are similar to opiate drugs such as morphine, but are significantly stronger. Dopamine: Associated with thought and pleasurable feelings. Parkinson’s diseas ...
The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2003 • 23(11):4657– 4666
... Previous physiological investigations have suggested the existence of a neural circuit that coordinates activation of motor and autonomic efferents before or at the onset of exercise. Traditionally these circuits have been postulated to involve forebrain areas. However, overlapping populations of me ...
... Previous physiological investigations have suggested the existence of a neural circuit that coordinates activation of motor and autonomic efferents before or at the onset of exercise. Traditionally these circuits have been postulated to involve forebrain areas. However, overlapping populations of me ...
Multimodal imaging and the neural basis of EEG and fMRI
... electrodes, or inferred on sources (where it comes from) Data processing can therefore be done in the time domain (ERP), frequency domain (Power) or Time-frequency domain (ERSP). ...
... electrodes, or inferred on sources (where it comes from) Data processing can therefore be done in the time domain (ERP), frequency domain (Power) or Time-frequency domain (ERSP). ...
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
... Neurons or the nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The nervous system of human is made up of innumerable neurons. The total no. of estimated neurons in the human brain is more than 100 billion. These are linked together in a highly intricate manner. It is through ...
... Neurons or the nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The nervous system of human is made up of innumerable neurons. The total no. of estimated neurons in the human brain is more than 100 billion. These are linked together in a highly intricate manner. It is through ...
The neuronal representation of information in the human brain
... macaque hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex has been discovered that represents a spatial view of a scene with its landmarks independently of the place at which the macaque is located (Rolls and O’Mara, 1995; Rolls et al., 1997, 1998). Further, this representation is allocentric, in that it is th ...
... macaque hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex has been discovered that represents a spatial view of a scene with its landmarks independently of the place at which the macaque is located (Rolls and O’Mara, 1995; Rolls et al., 1997, 1998). Further, this representation is allocentric, in that it is th ...
Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to
... spike-frequency adaptation. No study has so far demonstrated that CACCs mediate afterhyperpolarization currents, which result in the modulation of neuronal spike patterns in the CNS. Our study therefore proposes a novel role for ANO2 in spike-frequency adaptation and transmission of information in t ...
... spike-frequency adaptation. No study has so far demonstrated that CACCs mediate afterhyperpolarization currents, which result in the modulation of neuronal spike patterns in the CNS. Our study therefore proposes a novel role for ANO2 in spike-frequency adaptation and transmission of information in t ...
Nervous Systems II PPT
... simultaneous contraction of its mantel, due to its ability to speed up transmission to its farthest parts from the CNS. ...
... simultaneous contraction of its mantel, due to its ability to speed up transmission to its farthest parts from the CNS. ...
the nervous system
... Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory synapses and define the terms excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) and inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSP) ...
... Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory synapses and define the terms excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) and inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSP) ...
Physical Neural Networks Jonathan Lamont November 16, 2015
... systems to adapt at all scales • Each adaptation must reduce to memory-processor communication as state variables are modified – Energy consumed in moving this information grows linearly with number of state variables that must be ...
... systems to adapt at all scales • Each adaptation must reduce to memory-processor communication as state variables are modified – Energy consumed in moving this information grows linearly with number of state variables that must be ...
features of mercury toxic influence mechanism
... mercury chloride, but also as an indirect effect due to pathological changes of vessel walls. Reduction of magnesium also affects the nerve fibers and cell-cell contacts, as confirmed ultramicroscopically in the spinal cord and sensitive ganglia of animals. Zinc is involved in the regulation of the ...
... mercury chloride, but also as an indirect effect due to pathological changes of vessel walls. Reduction of magnesium also affects the nerve fibers and cell-cell contacts, as confirmed ultramicroscopically in the spinal cord and sensitive ganglia of animals. Zinc is involved in the regulation of the ...
pdf 2.5M
... conditions of the population. One can observe multiple steady states, including global quiescence and global saturation, as well as a variety of oscillatory regimes for the electrical activity of the neurons. Although a single neuron, under the present model, does not oscillate, a coupled population ...
... conditions of the population. One can observe multiple steady states, including global quiescence and global saturation, as well as a variety of oscillatory regimes for the electrical activity of the neurons. Although a single neuron, under the present model, does not oscillate, a coupled population ...
The Nervous System
... 1. A typical neuron has a cell body, axon and dendrites. Many axons have a myelin sheath that acts as an electrical insulator. 2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information. 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are ...
... 1. A typical neuron has a cell body, axon and dendrites. Many axons have a myelin sheath that acts as an electrical insulator. 2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information. 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are ...
Aldwin de Guzman Abstract - UF Center for Undergraduate Research
... The NSCISC estimates 12,000 spinal cord injuries annually in the United States. A majority occur at the cervical level with many resulting in respiratory impairment due to interference with brainstem generated ventilatory drive reaching spinal motor targets. The resulting respiratory insufficiency o ...
... The NSCISC estimates 12,000 spinal cord injuries annually in the United States. A majority occur at the cervical level with many resulting in respiratory impairment due to interference with brainstem generated ventilatory drive reaching spinal motor targets. The resulting respiratory insufficiency o ...
Beyond Spikes: Neural Codes and the Chemical Vocabulary of
... be a firing rate or even a membrane potential. A considerable portion of ANN research, which we will refer to by the more general term connectionism, does not concern itself too much with biological realism, so the “neuron” states do not have to correspond to anything an actual cell has to deal wit ...
... be a firing rate or even a membrane potential. A considerable portion of ANN research, which we will refer to by the more general term connectionism, does not concern itself too much with biological realism, so the “neuron” states do not have to correspond to anything an actual cell has to deal wit ...
Ch. 10 Outline
... B. A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon C. All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength Refractory Period A. Absolute Refractory Period 1. Time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential B. Relative Refra ...
... B. A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon C. All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength Refractory Period A. Absolute Refractory Period 1. Time when threshold stimulus does not start another action potential B. Relative Refra ...
What exactly does fMRI tell us?
... • Firing rates of the local neurons but also activity that doesn’t evoke spikes: • Sub-threshold activity • Simultaneous excitation and inhibition • Modulatory inputs (e.g. top-down and feedback from higher cortical areas) ...
... • Firing rates of the local neurons but also activity that doesn’t evoke spikes: • Sub-threshold activity • Simultaneous excitation and inhibition • Modulatory inputs (e.g. top-down and feedback from higher cortical areas) ...
The Nervous System
... 1. A typical neuron has a cell body, axon and dendrites. Many axons have a myelin sheath that acts as an electrical insulator. 2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information. 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are ...
... 1. A typical neuron has a cell body, axon and dendrites. Many axons have a myelin sheath that acts as an electrical insulator. 2. The structure of the neuron allows for the detection, generation, transmission and integration of signal information. 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
BrainMechanismsofUnconsciousInference2010
... • Line and edge detectors in primary visual cortex (classic figure at left). – Cells show a graded response depending on exact orientation of line. ...
... • Line and edge detectors in primary visual cortex (classic figure at left). – Cells show a graded response depending on exact orientation of line. ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.