Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
Modelling the Grid-like Encoding of Visual Space
... The majority of conventional grid cell models rely on mechanisms that directly integrate information on the velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not ...
... The majority of conventional grid cell models rely on mechanisms that directly integrate information on the velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not ...
references - Academic Science,International Journal of Computer
... . Brain waves have been categorized into four basic groups: - beta (>13 Hz), - alpha (8-13 Hz), - theta (4-8 Hz), - delta (0.5-4 Hz). An EEG signal between electrodes placed on the scalp consists of many waves with different characteristics. During normal state of wakefulness with open eyes beta wav ...
... . Brain waves have been categorized into four basic groups: - beta (>13 Hz), - alpha (8-13 Hz), - theta (4-8 Hz), - delta (0.5-4 Hz). An EEG signal between electrodes placed on the scalp consists of many waves with different characteristics. During normal state of wakefulness with open eyes beta wav ...
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
... digital group, who will then interface the amplifier to a computer and control a RC car. If they were not successful, our goal then becomes to build an amplifier that will magnify neural impulses so that they can be measured and interpreted. In order to begin, we must first understand the basic idea ...
... digital group, who will then interface the amplifier to a computer and control a RC car. If they were not successful, our goal then becomes to build an amplifier that will magnify neural impulses so that they can be measured and interpreted. In order to begin, we must first understand the basic idea ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... 00288.2001. Many neurons show anticipatory activity in learned tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each blo ...
... 00288.2001. Many neurons show anticipatory activity in learned tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each blo ...
Pyrokinin peptides` effect on the stomatogastric nervous system in
... neurons in the foregut of American lobsters. It has been studied extensively since each one of the neurons in it is both identifiable and produces simple patterned outputs. The analysis of American lobster’s stomach behaviors and the neural mechanisms controlling them could provide general insights ...
... neurons in the foregut of American lobsters. It has been studied extensively since each one of the neurons in it is both identifiable and produces simple patterned outputs. The analysis of American lobster’s stomach behaviors and the neural mechanisms controlling them could provide general insights ...
Perception
... 3.) Spontaneous activity: neurons fire without stimuli and this establishes a baseline level of firing for the neuron *stimulation can be an increase or decrease from the baseline level of firing These changes in nerve firing can provide information about the intensity of a stimulus but it needs to ...
... 3.) Spontaneous activity: neurons fire without stimuli and this establishes a baseline level of firing for the neuron *stimulation can be an increase or decrease from the baseline level of firing These changes in nerve firing can provide information about the intensity of a stimulus but it needs to ...
Chapter Two - Texas Christian University
... polarity which results in a graded potential. When there are enough graded potentials in succession, channels open allowing positive ions from the outside to enter the interior of the neuron. Entrance of the positive ions into the cell body depolarizes the neuron, changing the interior from negative ...
... polarity which results in a graded potential. When there are enough graded potentials in succession, channels open allowing positive ions from the outside to enter the interior of the neuron. Entrance of the positive ions into the cell body depolarizes the neuron, changing the interior from negative ...
BRAIN FOUNDATION RESEARCH REPORTS Author: Dr Tim
... following 1-2 weeks exposure to environmental or behavioural stimuli, including length of light:dark cycle (photoperiod), sex pairing, or environment enrichment. Furthermore, this appears to involve activity-dependent changes in expression of genes and proteins necessary for dopamine synthesis and h ...
... following 1-2 weeks exposure to environmental or behavioural stimuli, including length of light:dark cycle (photoperiod), sex pairing, or environment enrichment. Furthermore, this appears to involve activity-dependent changes in expression of genes and proteins necessary for dopamine synthesis and h ...
PDF
... would inherently cover all possible information (Tsien, 2015). At its core, I postulate the cell assemblies are not random, but rather should conform to the power-of-two based equation, N = 2i −1, to form the pre-configured building block termed as the functional connectivity motif (FCM). Instead of ...
... would inherently cover all possible information (Tsien, 2015). At its core, I postulate the cell assemblies are not random, but rather should conform to the power-of-two based equation, N = 2i −1, to form the pre-configured building block termed as the functional connectivity motif (FCM). Instead of ...
Joint maps for orientation, eye, and direction preference in a self
... Compared to simpler OR-only LISSOM networks, the model introduced in this paper includes two eyes (to model OD) and multiple LGN sheets with different time-delayed copies of previous input patterns. The time delays model the “lagged” cells recently found in cat LGN that respond to retinal inputs onl ...
... Compared to simpler OR-only LISSOM networks, the model introduced in this paper includes two eyes (to model OD) and multiple LGN sheets with different time-delayed copies of previous input patterns. The time delays model the “lagged” cells recently found in cat LGN that respond to retinal inputs onl ...
Introduction slides - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... To make experimentally testable predictions, we often (but not always) have to turn ideas about how the brain works into network equations. To be able to do that, we need to understand how neurons and synapses (and, sometimes, axons and dendrites) work. ...
... To make experimentally testable predictions, we often (but not always) have to turn ideas about how the brain works into network equations. To be able to do that, we need to understand how neurons and synapses (and, sometimes, axons and dendrites) work. ...
Neurons and Circuits - UT Computer Science
... cell gives us 1015 connections total. While the nerve cells working together form a very complex system, the connections are a major, if not the major component that describes how the brain will process information. So much so, that scientists working on large scale models of neural networks are cha ...
... cell gives us 1015 connections total. While the nerve cells working together form a very complex system, the connections are a major, if not the major component that describes how the brain will process information. So much so, that scientists working on large scale models of neural networks are cha ...
NeuroCube Help
... simulation. After setting all these parameters, click ‘Generate cube’ and the distribution of neurons will be created. Figure 2 shows the interface after clicking ‘Generate cube’. Instead of clicking ‘Generate cube’, you could also have clicked ‘Load cube’ if you wanted to load a neuron configurati ...
... simulation. After setting all these parameters, click ‘Generate cube’ and the distribution of neurons will be created. Figure 2 shows the interface after clicking ‘Generate cube’. Instead of clicking ‘Generate cube’, you could also have clicked ‘Load cube’ if you wanted to load a neuron configurati ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... detection, by contrast, implies that most PSPs do not actually contribute to the generation of output signals, and that the number concept, no information can be carried by the precise of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSP ...
... detection, by contrast, implies that most PSPs do not actually contribute to the generation of output signals, and that the number concept, no information can be carried by the precise of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSP ...
Neural tube formation in the chick embryo - CSE IITK
... http://www.ibdm.univ-mrs.fr/equipe/axonguidance-in-the-mammalian-brain/ ...
... http://www.ibdm.univ-mrs.fr/equipe/axonguidance-in-the-mammalian-brain/ ...
The Nervous System
... Parts continued • Myelin Sheath: Fatty covering on Axon that helps speed up impulse conduction. • Axon Terminals: Where the axon ends and the neurotransmitters are secreted. ...
... Parts continued • Myelin Sheath: Fatty covering on Axon that helps speed up impulse conduction. • Axon Terminals: Where the axon ends and the neurotransmitters are secreted. ...
Membrane potential synchrony of simultaneously recorded striatal
... recorded in anaesthetized animals in vivo ¯uctuates between two subthreshold states3±5. The quiescent, hyperpolarized `down' state, and the noisier, depolarized `up' state, are separated by 15±30 mV. Spike threshold is usually 3±5 mV above the mean potential of the `up' state6. The `up' state is cau ...
... recorded in anaesthetized animals in vivo ¯uctuates between two subthreshold states3±5. The quiescent, hyperpolarized `down' state, and the noisier, depolarized `up' state, are separated by 15±30 mV. Spike threshold is usually 3±5 mV above the mean potential of the `up' state6. The `up' state is cau ...
Learning as a phenomenon occurring in a critical state
... perceptual learning has evidenced that training to a specific task induces dynamic changes in the functional connectivity able to “sculpt” the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain and to act as a form of “system memory” [21]. It is therefore tempting to investigate the role that critical ...
... perceptual learning has evidenced that training to a specific task induces dynamic changes in the functional connectivity able to “sculpt” the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain and to act as a form of “system memory” [21]. It is therefore tempting to investigate the role that critical ...
A PRIMER ON EEG AND RELATED MEASURES OF BRAIN ACTIVITY
... processes. For example, between a certain brain activity and the behavioral act many events occur: Synaptic transmission, the gradual build-up of post-synaptic potentials, action potentials, and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act th ...
... processes. For example, between a certain brain activity and the behavioral act many events occur: Synaptic transmission, the gradual build-up of post-synaptic potentials, action potentials, and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act th ...
Brain Computer Interface Seminar Report
... machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a human or animal brain(or brain cell culture) and an external device. In one BCIs, computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it but not both. Two way BCIs will allow brains and external devices to exchange informa ...
... machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a human or animal brain(or brain cell culture) and an external device. In one BCIs, computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it but not both. Two way BCIs will allow brains and external devices to exchange informa ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... A second challenge we face is how to differentiate the elements of the neural circuit in the behaving animal. An important observation about the neocortex is that very different brain functions, ranging from extracting orientation information in primary visual cortex to computations of economic valu ...
... A second challenge we face is how to differentiate the elements of the neural circuit in the behaving animal. An important observation about the neocortex is that very different brain functions, ranging from extracting orientation information in primary visual cortex to computations of economic valu ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.