Chapter 11: Nervous System
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: Axoaxonic (axon to axon) ...
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: Axoaxonic (axon to axon) ...
Chapter 11: Nervous System
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: Axoaxonic (axon to axon) ...
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: Axoaxonic (axon to axon) ...
+ -80 mV
... Ex is the potential at which the flux due to diffusion is equal and opposite to the flux due to electrophoresis ...
... Ex is the potential at which the flux due to diffusion is equal and opposite to the flux due to electrophoresis ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • The functional and structural unit of the nervous system • Specialized to conduct information from one part of the body to another • There are many, many different types of neurons but most have certain structural and functional characteristics in common: - Cell body (soma) - One or more specializ ...
... • The functional and structural unit of the nervous system • Specialized to conduct information from one part of the body to another • There are many, many different types of neurons but most have certain structural and functional characteristics in common: - Cell body (soma) - One or more specializ ...
Plants and Pollinators
... All or Nothing • All action potentials are the same size • If stimulation is below threshold level, no action potential occurs • If it is above threshold level, cell is always depolarized to the same level ...
... All or Nothing • All action potentials are the same size • If stimulation is below threshold level, no action potential occurs • If it is above threshold level, cell is always depolarized to the same level ...
Thalamic Relay Neuron simulations
... ThalamicRelay.CC5 file. In this cell with a resting potential of -85 mV, depolarizing the model cell with a current step results in the generation of a burst of action potentials riding on top of a depolarization that begins slowly and ends slowly. The amplitude and time course of the current underl ...
... ThalamicRelay.CC5 file. In this cell with a resting potential of -85 mV, depolarizing the model cell with a current step results in the generation of a burst of action potentials riding on top of a depolarization that begins slowly and ends slowly. The amplitude and time course of the current underl ...
Activity of Spiking Neurons Stimulated by External Signals of
... A typical neuron consists of dendrites, soma and axon. Dendrites receive and deliver signals and act like an “input device”. Soma is the “central processing unit” that generates a signal if the total input exceeds a certain threshold (about -30 mV) and the axon transmits the signals to other neurons ...
... A typical neuron consists of dendrites, soma and axon. Dendrites receive and deliver signals and act like an “input device”. Soma is the “central processing unit” that generates a signal if the total input exceeds a certain threshold (about -30 mV) and the axon transmits the signals to other neurons ...
To allow an immediate response to stimuli in the
... The Impulse of a Neuron Neurons are said to carry an electrical impulse, which is unlike a wire carrying an electrical current To understand this impulse, we must focus on a small section of the neuron’s dendrite or axon: When this small section is at rest (not carrying an impulse), we find there i ...
... The Impulse of a Neuron Neurons are said to carry an electrical impulse, which is unlike a wire carrying an electrical current To understand this impulse, we must focus on a small section of the neuron’s dendrite or axon: When this small section is at rest (not carrying an impulse), we find there i ...
Nervous System: Levels of Organization Review and
... Compare the structure of myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons. Distinguish between white matter and gray matter. Describe the transmembrane potential or voltage across the cell membrane and how it is measured. Contrast the relative concentrations of ions in body solutions inside and outside of a cell ( ...
... Compare the structure of myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons. Distinguish between white matter and gray matter. Describe the transmembrane potential or voltage across the cell membrane and how it is measured. Contrast the relative concentrations of ions in body solutions inside and outside of a cell ( ...
Quiz
... 11. The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential when it is impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron is called the a. Threshold of excitation b. Threshold ...
... 11. The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential when it is impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron is called the a. Threshold of excitation b. Threshold ...
Nervous System
... K+ ions diffuse out of cell charges reverse back at that point negative inside; positive outside ...
... K+ ions diffuse out of cell charges reverse back at that point negative inside; positive outside ...
Nervous System 2015
... K+ ions diffuse out of cell charges reverse back at that point negative inside; positive outside ...
... K+ ions diffuse out of cell charges reverse back at that point negative inside; positive outside ...
the nervous system
... Graded Potentials, Action Potentials and Synaptic Transmission b. Compare Graded Potentials (at receptors and receptive areas of neurons) and Action Potentials (in axons). ...
... Graded Potentials, Action Potentials and Synaptic Transmission b. Compare Graded Potentials (at receptors and receptive areas of neurons) and Action Potentials (in axons). ...
Synapses
... Two neurons releasing neurotransmitters that act on a third neuron. The first two neurons could be in the Central Nervous System, and the third might be a motor neuron leading out to a muscle or gland. Schwann Cells form a myelin sheath Around the axon of motor neurons Neurons ...
... Two neurons releasing neurotransmitters that act on a third neuron. The first two neurons could be in the Central Nervous System, and the third might be a motor neuron leading out to a muscle or gland. Schwann Cells form a myelin sheath Around the axon of motor neurons Neurons ...
Types of neurons
... Inside of Cell Potassium (K+) can pass through to equalize its concentration ...
... Inside of Cell Potassium (K+) can pass through to equalize its concentration ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell
... Trigeminal Ganglion Cell: this is about 2 seconds of activity that was recorded from a ganglion cell after the maxillary (upper) incisor tooth of an anesthetized rat was tapped 5 times. Listen for 5 distinct "bursts" of action potentials. Trigeminal Ganglion Cell: this is about 2 seconds of activi ...
... Trigeminal Ganglion Cell: this is about 2 seconds of activity that was recorded from a ganglion cell after the maxillary (upper) incisor tooth of an anesthetized rat was tapped 5 times. Listen for 5 distinct "bursts" of action potentials. Trigeminal Ganglion Cell: this is about 2 seconds of activi ...
PharmacologyLec 1 Central nervous system pharmacology
... Central nervous system pharmacology There are two reasons why understanding the action of drugs act on the central nervous system, the first is that centrally acting drugs are of therapeutic importance,the second reason is that the CNS is functionally far more complex than any other system in the bo ...
... Central nervous system pharmacology There are two reasons why understanding the action of drugs act on the central nervous system, the first is that centrally acting drugs are of therapeutic importance,the second reason is that the CNS is functionally far more complex than any other system in the bo ...
Physiology of nerve & muscles
... 1- action potential is propagated to nerve terminal & increases membrane permeability to Ca 2+ which causes rupture of acetyl choline (Ach) vesicles Acetylcholine increases entry of Na+ inside muscle fiber 2- This causes depolarization of membrane of muscle fiber ( end plate potential EPP) 3- EPP is ...
... 1- action potential is propagated to nerve terminal & increases membrane permeability to Ca 2+ which causes rupture of acetyl choline (Ach) vesicles Acetylcholine increases entry of Na+ inside muscle fiber 2- This causes depolarization of membrane of muscle fiber ( end plate potential EPP) 3- EPP is ...
File
... • Can be the end of a sensory neuron • Can be a specialized cell (such as light receptor or chemical receptor cells) that detect a specific stimulus and influence the activity of a sensory neuron ...
... • Can be the end of a sensory neuron • Can be a specialized cell (such as light receptor or chemical receptor cells) that detect a specific stimulus and influence the activity of a sensory neuron ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 5.4 Increases in K+ conductance can result in hyper-polarization, depolarization, or no change in membrane potential. (A) Opening K+ channels increases the conductance of the membrane to K +, denoted gK. If the membrane potential is positive to the equilibrium potential (also known as the re ...
... FIGURE 5.4 Increases in K+ conductance can result in hyper-polarization, depolarization, or no change in membrane potential. (A) Opening K+ channels increases the conductance of the membrane to K +, denoted gK. If the membrane potential is positive to the equilibrium potential (also known as the re ...
Nervous System Lecture Notes Page
... Sodium-Potassium Pump moves Na+ out & K+ in (Requires Energy) ...
... Sodium-Potassium Pump moves Na+ out & K+ in (Requires Energy) ...
Nervous System - AP Bio Take 5
... signal moves in one direction flow of K+ out of cell stops activation of Na+ channels in wrong direction ...
... signal moves in one direction flow of K+ out of cell stops activation of Na+ channels in wrong direction ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.