Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3
... from the granule neurons in the dentate gyrus5. CA3 neurons show an extreme excitatory responsiveness to kainic acid administered by microiontophoresis, and this responsiveness is drastically reduced with the destruction of the mossy fibers 6. CA3 neurons may also be more vulnerable to damage becaus ...
... from the granule neurons in the dentate gyrus5. CA3 neurons show an extreme excitatory responsiveness to kainic acid administered by microiontophoresis, and this responsiveness is drastically reduced with the destruction of the mossy fibers 6. CA3 neurons may also be more vulnerable to damage becaus ...
L9 - Internal structure of brain stem new
... Its red coloration is due to its vascularity and the presence of an iron containing pigment in the cytoplasm of its neurons. ...
... Its red coloration is due to its vascularity and the presence of an iron containing pigment in the cytoplasm of its neurons. ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation. All-Or-None Law – The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur. Neurotransmitters ...
... prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation. All-Or-None Law – The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur. Neurotransmitters ...
PDF
... responses. Given the need for rapid predator avoidance in animals with vastly different body types, the expression of these responses has been necessarily altered to suit the sensorimotor requirements of each anatomical form. Hale et al. (2002) have demonstrated that the expression of escape behavio ...
... responses. Given the need for rapid predator avoidance in animals with vastly different body types, the expression of these responses has been necessarily altered to suit the sensorimotor requirements of each anatomical form. Hale et al. (2002) have demonstrated that the expression of escape behavio ...
Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... The simplest example of a TD learning rule arises in the problem of predicting a scalar quantity z using a neuron with synaptic weights w(1), . . . , w(k) (represented as a vector w ). The neuron receives as presynaptic input the sequence of vectors x 1 , . . . , xP m . The output of the neuron at t ...
... The simplest example of a TD learning rule arises in the problem of predicting a scalar quantity z using a neuron with synaptic weights w(1), . . . , w(k) (represented as a vector w ). The neuron receives as presynaptic input the sequence of vectors x 1 , . . . , xP m . The output of the neuron at t ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Dimensional analysis can be applied to signaling systems. Signals have two basic functional properties: signal-type (category, variable, type) and signalvalue (state, value, token). These properties can be conveyed by a variety of means: by the signal’s physical channel, by the internal form of the ...
... Dimensional analysis can be applied to signaling systems. Signals have two basic functional properties: signal-type (category, variable, type) and signalvalue (state, value, token). These properties can be conveyed by a variety of means: by the signal’s physical channel, by the internal form of the ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... 6). By contrast, cortical application of kynurenic acid (n ⫽ 4) abolished spindle-like oscillations at this site, but not those recorded in VB, where their frequency was higher than under control conditions. Our findings demonstrate the preservation of reciprocally interconnected cortical and thalam ...
... 6). By contrast, cortical application of kynurenic acid (n ⫽ 4) abolished spindle-like oscillations at this site, but not those recorded in VB, where their frequency was higher than under control conditions. Our findings demonstrate the preservation of reciprocally interconnected cortical and thalam ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... firing patterns. For instance, intrinsic conductances can generate brief, high-frequency bursts of action potentials that are commonly observed in recordings from a variety of brain regions (Kandel and Spencer, 1961; Barker and Gainer, 1975; King et al., 1976; Cattaneo et al., 1981a; Eisen and Marde ...
... firing patterns. For instance, intrinsic conductances can generate brief, high-frequency bursts of action potentials that are commonly observed in recordings from a variety of brain regions (Kandel and Spencer, 1961; Barker and Gainer, 1975; King et al., 1976; Cattaneo et al., 1981a; Eisen and Marde ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... neurons are probed with more natural stimuli. However, with the classical reverse correlation technique it is not possible to use natural stimuli for methodological reasons: the correlations inherent to natural stimuli spoil the obtained RF estimate [14]. In contrast to the pixel white noise, which ...
... neurons are probed with more natural stimuli. However, with the classical reverse correlation technique it is not possible to use natural stimuli for methodological reasons: the correlations inherent to natural stimuli spoil the obtained RF estimate [14]. In contrast to the pixel white noise, which ...
Chapter 14a - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... forthcoming trigger stimulus. The cue presentation (500 ms) was followed by a fixed delay of 1 s at the end of which one of the three LEDs was illuminated with a red light. In response to this stimulus, the monkey removed its hand from the bar and touched the target situated below the illuminated LE ...
... forthcoming trigger stimulus. The cue presentation (500 ms) was followed by a fixed delay of 1 s at the end of which one of the three LEDs was illuminated with a red light. In response to this stimulus, the monkey removed its hand from the bar and touched the target situated below the illuminated LE ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. Sparse coding. The responses of MTL neurons are typically very selective, in the sense that these neurons fire to very few of the stimuli presented to the subject (FIG. 2). In contrast ...
... the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. Sparse coding. The responses of MTL neurons are typically very selective, in the sense that these neurons fire to very few of the stimuli presented to the subject (FIG. 2). In contrast ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... that eye movement caused the frontal differential activity in both VH and HH tasks, the monkeys’ eye-movement information was tracked during the whole experiment and analyzed online and offline. No correlation was found between eye movement [both x ...
... that eye movement caused the frontal differential activity in both VH and HH tasks, the monkeys’ eye-movement information was tracked during the whole experiment and analyzed online and offline. No correlation was found between eye movement [both x ...
Extended PDF
... predictable manner. Upon entry into the neurogenic phase, individual RGPs produce 8–9 neurons distributed in both deep and superficial layers, indicating a unitary output in neuronal production. Removal of OTX1, a transcription factor transiently expressed in RGPs, results in both deep- and superfi ...
... predictable manner. Upon entry into the neurogenic phase, individual RGPs produce 8–9 neurons distributed in both deep and superficial layers, indicating a unitary output in neuronal production. Removal of OTX1, a transcription factor transiently expressed in RGPs, results in both deep- and superfi ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... the spiny cell axon collaterals is significantly greater than the number formed by the interneurons (e.g., Guzman et al., 2003; Koós et al., 2004), all other things being equal, one would expect the axon collateral inhibitory feedback system to be the predominant player in the control of spiny cell ...
... the spiny cell axon collaterals is significantly greater than the number formed by the interneurons (e.g., Guzman et al., 2003; Koós et al., 2004), all other things being equal, one would expect the axon collateral inhibitory feedback system to be the predominant player in the control of spiny cell ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... dissected from the head capsule, dehydrated, cleared in terpineol and then xylene, embedded in Paraplast plus (Corning, Corning, NY), and serially sectioned at 10 mm. Dewaxed sections were incubated for 24 hr at 608C in 1% silver proteinate (Roques, Paris, France) with the addition of 1– 4 gm pure c ...
... dissected from the head capsule, dehydrated, cleared in terpineol and then xylene, embedded in Paraplast plus (Corning, Corning, NY), and serially sectioned at 10 mm. Dewaxed sections were incubated for 24 hr at 608C in 1% silver proteinate (Roques, Paris, France) with the addition of 1– 4 gm pure c ...
Chapter 15
... for the last 3 years. She was originally admitted to the nursing home following amputation of both legs below the knee. This was necessary secondary to diabetes that results in gradual neuropathy and loss of vascular circulation in the extremities. A recent visit by the primary care physician reveal ...
... for the last 3 years. She was originally admitted to the nursing home following amputation of both legs below the knee. This was necessary secondary to diabetes that results in gradual neuropathy and loss of vascular circulation in the extremities. A recent visit by the primary care physician reveal ...
NeuralNets
... Hopfield, J. J. “Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. Vol 81, pp. 3088-3092, May 1984, Biophysics. ...
... Hopfield, J. J. “Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. Vol 81, pp. 3088-3092, May 1984, Biophysics. ...
