Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in SMA are structurally well connected to their target muscles but functionally NMJs in SMN-D7 mice exhibit a 50% reduction in quantal content, indicating reduced synaptic vesicle release from motor neuron terminals in response to evoked stimulation (K ...
... Ruiz et al., 2010). Surprisingly, motor neurons in SMA are structurally well connected to their target muscles but functionally NMJs in SMN-D7 mice exhibit a 50% reduction in quantal content, indicating reduced synaptic vesicle release from motor neuron terminals in response to evoked stimulation (K ...
Learning Innate Face Preferences
... In this paper we propose a novel explanation for how genetic and environmental influences can interact in a way that allows the visual system to learn faces at all ages. The main hypothesis is that the same brain regions and learning mechanisms are active throughout development, both before and afte ...
... In this paper we propose a novel explanation for how genetic and environmental influences can interact in a way that allows the visual system to learn faces at all ages. The main hypothesis is that the same brain regions and learning mechanisms are active throughout development, both before and afte ...
Nature template
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... higher concentrations, however, molecules with similar structures also activate the receptor. The olfactory sensory neurons that are activated in this way transform the olfactory stimuli into electrical signals. They do this through a chain of ...
... higher concentrations, however, molecules with similar structures also activate the receptor. The olfactory sensory neurons that are activated in this way transform the olfactory stimuli into electrical signals. They do this through a chain of ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
Reticular Formation
... surrounding principal sensory & motor nuclei and tracts. It coordinates involuntary functions essential to life: states of consciousness (sleep & wakefulness, including EEG changes, and associated muscle atonia and eye movements), ...
... surrounding principal sensory & motor nuclei and tracts. It coordinates involuntary functions essential to life: states of consciousness (sleep & wakefulness, including EEG changes, and associated muscle atonia and eye movements), ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... Why? : Complex systems imply numerous interactions between the elements of the system: analytical solving is difficult or impossible. ...
... Why? : Complex systems imply numerous interactions between the elements of the system: analytical solving is difficult or impossible. ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... tree and of competition for resources between different growth cones of a dendrite or an axon. The model for 3D neuronal morphogenesis is based on the dendritic growth model of Van Pelt et al., (Van Pelt et al. 2001a; Van Pelt and Uylings 2002, 2003, 2005) and extended with rules for the direction o ...
... tree and of competition for resources between different growth cones of a dendrite or an axon. The model for 3D neuronal morphogenesis is based on the dendritic growth model of Van Pelt et al., (Van Pelt et al. 2001a; Van Pelt and Uylings 2002, 2003, 2005) and extended with rules for the direction o ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... rodents, cats and primates, neurons have been recorded with activity increasing as a function of stimulus intensity across the noxious range. Studies combining functional imaging and psychophysics have shown that activations in human thalamic and cortical nociceptive-receiving areas correlate with p ...
... rodents, cats and primates, neurons have been recorded with activity increasing as a function of stimulus intensity across the noxious range. Studies combining functional imaging and psychophysics have shown that activations in human thalamic and cortical nociceptive-receiving areas correlate with p ...
PDF
... horizontal organization of the neocortex, it should be noted that the neocortex is also tangentially organized into cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct areas (Rakic, 1988; Rash and Grove, 2006; O’Leary and Sahara, 2008). The emergence of laminar-dependent patterns of functional neocortic ...
... horizontal organization of the neocortex, it should be noted that the neocortex is also tangentially organized into cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct areas (Rakic, 1988; Rash and Grove, 2006; O’Leary and Sahara, 2008). The emergence of laminar-dependent patterns of functional neocortic ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
Gross Anatomy
... chimps separated from their common ancestor. • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years since humans split from chimpanzees Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex ...
... chimps separated from their common ancestor. • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years since humans split from chimpanzees Changes in the architecture of the ASPM protein over the last 18 million years are correlated with a steady increase in the size of the cerebral cortex ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activity and muscle movement – is also briefly addressed. This theory proposes the first cogent answers to these ...
... theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activity and muscle movement – is also briefly addressed. This theory proposes the first cogent answers to these ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... Box 1 | Distant progenitor zones contribute to the neuronal diversity of the neocortex A wealth of evidence has accumulated indicating that neocortical GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons are derived from germinal zones outside the neocortex and migrate long distances to their final l ...
... Box 1 | Distant progenitor zones contribute to the neuronal diversity of the neocortex A wealth of evidence has accumulated indicating that neocortical GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons are derived from germinal zones outside the neocortex and migrate long distances to their final l ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... brain is not color-coded, its internal connections are not readily visible, its physiological operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first ...
... brain is not color-coded, its internal connections are not readily visible, its physiological operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first ...
PDF Document
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation or inhibition alone can induce a multiplicative gain change. In particular, the power–law relationship between voltage and firing rate ...
... nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation or inhibition alone can induce a multiplicative gain change. In particular, the power–law relationship between voltage and firing rate ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...