From spike frequency to free recall:
... input pattern (Kohonen, 1984: Amit, 1988). In those models, spread of activity along excitatory connections between units within the network is only allowed during retrieval. What physiological mechanisms could provide these separate dynamics for encoding and retrieval? In a number of models, I have ...
... input pattern (Kohonen, 1984: Amit, 1988). In those models, spread of activity along excitatory connections between units within the network is only allowed during retrieval. What physiological mechanisms could provide these separate dynamics for encoding and retrieval? In a number of models, I have ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... free parameter, the other parameters being constrained by the statistics of the synaptic input st . 3 Learning the Parameters In this section, we show that the parameters of the generative model, ron , roff , wi , θ , corresponding respectively to the temporal dynamics, synaptic weights, and bias, c ...
... free parameter, the other parameters being constrained by the statistics of the synaptic input st . 3 Learning the Parameters In this section, we show that the parameters of the generative model, ron , roff , wi , θ , corresponding respectively to the temporal dynamics, synaptic weights, and bias, c ...
Full-Text PDF
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... A remarkable example of temporal coding of communication signals has been found in mormyrid pulse-type electric fishes where the duration of each EOD pulse carries information on the species and sex of the signaler. The duration of pulses is sampled by populations of electroreceptors on opposite sid ...
... A remarkable example of temporal coding of communication signals has been found in mormyrid pulse-type electric fishes where the duration of each EOD pulse carries information on the species and sex of the signaler. The duration of pulses is sampled by populations of electroreceptors on opposite sid ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons, such as the Cerebral Serotonergic Posterior (CeSP) cluster, are present in all species. However, the locations and numbers of many other 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons were variable. Thus, particular parts of the serotonergic system have changed during the evolution of nudi ...
... 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons, such as the Cerebral Serotonergic Posterior (CeSP) cluster, are present in all species. However, the locations and numbers of many other 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons were variable. Thus, particular parts of the serotonergic system have changed during the evolution of nudi ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... positions, new teaching methods must be developed that prepare tomorrow’s workforce for the challenges of the 2 1st century. One such method is the use of models. By actively building and manipulating concrete models that represent scientific concepts, students are involved in the most basic level o ...
... positions, new teaching methods must be developed that prepare tomorrow’s workforce for the challenges of the 2 1st century. One such method is the use of models. By actively building and manipulating concrete models that represent scientific concepts, students are involved in the most basic level o ...
Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory
... The complete structure of the anterior sensory nervous system of the small nematode C . elegans h a s been determined by reconstruction from serial section electronmicrographs. There are 58 neurons in the tip of the head. Fiftytwo of these are arranged in sensilla. These include six inner labial sen ...
... The complete structure of the anterior sensory nervous system of the small nematode C . elegans h a s been determined by reconstruction from serial section electronmicrographs. There are 58 neurons in the tip of the head. Fiftytwo of these are arranged in sensilla. These include six inner labial sen ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... It has been known since the work of Cajal that the cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal ...
... It has been known since the work of Cajal that the cerebral cortex contains 2 main classes of neurons, pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, which both encompass multiple distinct types. Pyramidal neurons are the more abundant class, accounting for 75% to 85% of cortical neurons, whereas nonpyramidal ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... positions, new teaching methods must be developed that prepare tomorrow’s workforce for the challenges of the 2 1st century. One such method is the use of models. By actively building and manipulating concrete models that represent scientific concepts, students are involved in the most basic level o ...
... positions, new teaching methods must be developed that prepare tomorrow’s workforce for the challenges of the 2 1st century. One such method is the use of models. By actively building and manipulating concrete models that represent scientific concepts, students are involved in the most basic level o ...
BIO 218 F 2012 Ch 14 Martini Lecture Outline
... The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of: The spinal cord Integrates and processes information Can function with the brain Can function independently of the brain The brain Integrates and processes information Can function with the spinal cord Can function independently of the spinal cord ...
... The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of: The spinal cord Integrates and processes information Can function with the brain Can function independently of the brain The brain Integrates and processes information Can function with the spinal cord Can function independently of the spinal cord ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... this study was to determine whether typical subdivisions of these dopamine cell groups are present in mice. The dopamine neuron groups were analysed in 15 adult C57BL/6J mice by anatomically localising tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter protein (DAT), calbindin, and the Gprotein-activat ...
... this study was to determine whether typical subdivisions of these dopamine cell groups are present in mice. The dopamine neuron groups were analysed in 15 adult C57BL/6J mice by anatomically localising tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter protein (DAT), calbindin, and the Gprotein-activat ...
Mircea Steriade
... brain stem reticular activating system as opposite to Bremer's concept that specific sensory systems are responsible for the maintenance of the waking state. However, these two views are not irreconcilable because sensory pathways, which have access to discrete thalamocortical projections, also lead ...
... brain stem reticular activating system as opposite to Bremer's concept that specific sensory systems are responsible for the maintenance of the waking state. However, these two views are not irreconcilable because sensory pathways, which have access to discrete thalamocortical projections, also lead ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... cortex (M1) respond during action observation [1, 2], a property first shown for mirror neurons in monkey premotor cortex [3]. We now show for the first time that the discharge of a major class of M1 output neuron, the pyramidal tract neuron (PTN), is modulated during observation of precision grip b ...
... cortex (M1) respond during action observation [1, 2], a property first shown for mirror neurons in monkey premotor cortex [3]. We now show for the first time that the discharge of a major class of M1 output neuron, the pyramidal tract neuron (PTN), is modulated during observation of precision grip b ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... The neocortex is composed of diverse classes of neurons, which can be defined according to morphological, connectional, neurochemical, electrophysiological and/or molecular characteristics (Peters and Jones, 1984; DeFelipe, 1993). The neocortex exhibits a laminar structure composed of six major laye ...
... The neocortex is composed of diverse classes of neurons, which can be defined according to morphological, connectional, neurochemical, electrophysiological and/or molecular characteristics (Peters and Jones, 1984; DeFelipe, 1993). The neocortex exhibits a laminar structure composed of six major laye ...
NAlab07_AuditVest
... neurosurgeon, Ronald Tasker, elicited sensations of vertigo and movement in a patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior pari ...
... neurosurgeon, Ronald Tasker, elicited sensations of vertigo and movement in a patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior pari ...
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • To learn the functional
... neurosurgeon, Ronald Tasker, elicited sensations of vertigo and movement in a patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior pari ...
... neurosurgeon, Ronald Tasker, elicited sensations of vertigo and movement in a patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior pari ...
Biological clock
... Biological clock • SCN cells in culture: no entrainment of light-dark cycles, but their basic rhythmicity remains just as when being deprived of zeitgebers. • SCN cells communicate their rhythmic message to the rest of the brain through efferent axons, using Aps, and rates of SCN cell firing vary w ...
... Biological clock • SCN cells in culture: no entrainment of light-dark cycles, but their basic rhythmicity remains just as when being deprived of zeitgebers. • SCN cells communicate their rhythmic message to the rest of the brain through efferent axons, using Aps, and rates of SCN cell firing vary w ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of different diagrams have been published (see Fig. 4 for two examples). The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to disting ...
... with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of different diagrams have been published (see Fig. 4 for two examples). The implied value of an efference copy is that it provides information of body movements, information needed to disting ...