Enzymes & Photosynthesis
... proton pumps (H+) with their kinetic energy. • 8. H+ actively pumped from stroma into the thylakoid which causes a change in pH, and the concentration gradient is established. (air in balloon) • 9. This [gradient] is the potential energy that will make ATP using the enzyme ATP ...
... proton pumps (H+) with their kinetic energy. • 8. H+ actively pumped from stroma into the thylakoid which causes a change in pH, and the concentration gradient is established. (air in balloon) • 9. This [gradient] is the potential energy that will make ATP using the enzyme ATP ...
Protein Trafficking4
... • Agonist-dependent down-regulation of receptors has been observed for a wide variety of ligands: e.g., GABAA receptors treated with GABA, BDZs, barbs, and neurosteroids; antidepressants and β-adrenergic receptors. • Cell surface receptor number is a balance between 2 competing processes: delivery a ...
... • Agonist-dependent down-regulation of receptors has been observed for a wide variety of ligands: e.g., GABAA receptors treated with GABA, BDZs, barbs, and neurosteroids; antidepressants and β-adrenergic receptors. • Cell surface receptor number is a balance between 2 competing processes: delivery a ...
Bending membranes
... vesicles. Finally, the clathrin coat surrounding these coated vesicles could be released by the ATP-dependent uncoating reaction mediated by Hsc70 and auxilin. These observations are important, not only because they are the first experiments in which clathrin-coated vesicles have been formed from li ...
... vesicles. Finally, the clathrin coat surrounding these coated vesicles could be released by the ATP-dependent uncoating reaction mediated by Hsc70 and auxilin. These observations are important, not only because they are the first experiments in which clathrin-coated vesicles have been formed from li ...
Master Entrance Exam
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
... (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate is used as a substrate but is not consumed in the cycle. (D) Succ ...
Cell Membrane Cellular Transport
... • Plant cells are supported by turgor pressure within the vacuole when placed in a hypotonic solution. • Plant cells wilt when water leaves the vacuole due to plasmolysis when placed in a hypertonic solution. ...
... • Plant cells are supported by turgor pressure within the vacuole when placed in a hypotonic solution. • Plant cells wilt when water leaves the vacuole due to plasmolysis when placed in a hypertonic solution. ...
Topics To Know For Chapter 6
... 2. Know the parts of the chloroplast that are related to photosynthesis. How do they function in photosynthesis ? - grana ( granum ) - thylakoid - stroma - thylakiod space 3. Know that photosynthesis involves redox reactions. 4. Know that photosynthesis is divided in two parts. Where in the chloropl ...
... 2. Know the parts of the chloroplast that are related to photosynthesis. How do they function in photosynthesis ? - grana ( granum ) - thylakoid - stroma - thylakiod space 3. Know that photosynthesis involves redox reactions. 4. Know that photosynthesis is divided in two parts. Where in the chloropl ...
METABOLISM - Doctor Jade Main
... electrons move along with hydrogens from glucose to O2 it is as if they are falling energy is released in the process process is possible only because of O2 if you stop breathingno ATP would be ...
... electrons move along with hydrogens from glucose to O2 it is as if they are falling energy is released in the process process is possible only because of O2 if you stop breathingno ATP would be ...
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
... Q also carries electrons from FADH2, generated in succinate dehydrogenase or (succinate-Q reductase) in the citric acid cycle, to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Cytochrome c, a small, soluble protein, shuttles electrons from Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which ca ...
... Q also carries electrons from FADH2, generated in succinate dehydrogenase or (succinate-Q reductase) in the citric acid cycle, to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Cytochrome c, a small, soluble protein, shuttles electrons from Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which ca ...
Recitation 16 - MIT OpenCourseWare
... Ions can move across membranes through pumps and channels. Integral membrane proteins like these cross the membrane via transmembrane domains. Pumps are ATPases that set up the concentration gradients of ions across cell membranes, such that K+ is high inside cells and other ions (such as Cl–, Na+, ...
... Ions can move across membranes through pumps and channels. Integral membrane proteins like these cross the membrane via transmembrane domains. Pumps are ATPases that set up the concentration gradients of ions across cell membranes, such that K+ is high inside cells and other ions (such as Cl–, Na+, ...
Shedding light on the translocation pore
... of the nascent transmembrane region while it is still in an aqueous environment, followed by its transfer into the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. For some multispanning integral membrane proteins, such recognition and transfer would have to occur as many as ten times. Any aqueous translocatio ...
... of the nascent transmembrane region while it is still in an aqueous environment, followed by its transfer into the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. For some multispanning integral membrane proteins, such recognition and transfer would have to occur as many as ten times. Any aqueous translocatio ...
Port Said International Schools Unit 1: Revision1
... for Potassium ions (K+) ( which diffuse from the inside to the outside of the membrane) than for Sodium ions (Na+) (which diffuse from outside to the inside of the membrane). This results in the accumulation of excess positive charges on the outer surface of the membrane. 2. Accumulation of high mol ...
... for Potassium ions (K+) ( which diffuse from the inside to the outside of the membrane) than for Sodium ions (Na+) (which diffuse from outside to the inside of the membrane). This results in the accumulation of excess positive charges on the outer surface of the membrane. 2. Accumulation of high mol ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
BB 451/551 Exam 1 - Oregon State University
... would receive four points if you circled ‘b’,’c’, and ‘d’. You would receive one point if you circled ‘a’ and ‘b’. You would receive no points if you circled only ‘a’. If we have uncertainty about whether or not an answer is marked, it will automatically be counted as a wrongly answered question. Be ...
... would receive four points if you circled ‘b’,’c’, and ‘d’. You would receive one point if you circled ‘a’ and ‘b’. You would receive no points if you circled only ‘a’. If we have uncertainty about whether or not an answer is marked, it will automatically be counted as a wrongly answered question. Be ...
Name - straubel
... 5. Click on ETC. Where in the mitochondria does the ETC occur? __________________________________ 6. Click on ATP synthesis. As the electron from NADH enters the chain, what is pumped into the inter-membrane space? ______ How many? ______. As the electron from FADH2 enters the chain, how many are pu ...
... 5. Click on ETC. Where in the mitochondria does the ETC occur? __________________________________ 6. Click on ATP synthesis. As the electron from NADH enters the chain, what is pumped into the inter-membrane space? ______ How many? ______. As the electron from FADH2 enters the chain, how many are pu ...
Cells and Their Environment PowerPoint
... • Only small, nonpolar substances can cross the cell membrane. • How can polar substances move across the cell membrane?.... Through proteins in the lipid bilayer! • Construction of Cell Membrane ...
... • Only small, nonpolar substances can cross the cell membrane. • How can polar substances move across the cell membrane?.... Through proteins in the lipid bilayer! • Construction of Cell Membrane ...
Active transport.
... - but, when the inside of the membrane loses its negative charge, the gates open suddenly and allow quantities of sodium to pass inward . -This is the basic mechanism for action potentials in nerves that are responsible for nerve ...
... - but, when the inside of the membrane loses its negative charge, the gates open suddenly and allow quantities of sodium to pass inward . -This is the basic mechanism for action potentials in nerves that are responsible for nerve ...
Transportation Through the Plasma Membrane
... Maintaining a Balance _____________________ - internal balance ________________ _________________ - allows some materials to pass through membrane while rejecting others. ...
... Maintaining a Balance _____________________ - internal balance ________________ _________________ - allows some materials to pass through membrane while rejecting others. ...
A1980JC93500001
... reason for investigating denatured proteins. There was a growing conviction that the three-dimensional structure and biological activity of proteins are uniquely determined by the amino acid sequence of their constituent polypeptide chains. The conviction was based on the spontaneous recovery of str ...
... reason for investigating denatured proteins. There was a growing conviction that the three-dimensional structure and biological activity of proteins are uniquely determined by the amino acid sequence of their constituent polypeptide chains. The conviction was based on the spontaneous recovery of str ...
Cell Membranes
... For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must A. Move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached. B. Move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration until an equilibrium is reached. C. Remain stationary until their ...
... For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must A. Move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached. B. Move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration until an equilibrium is reached. C. Remain stationary until their ...
BIOL241StudyGuideExp1JUL2012
... (polysaccharides), lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. State the basic function(s) of each of these classes of (bio) molecules/macromolecules. 11. Define an enzyme. Describe the role of enzymes in metabolism. 12. Describe the properties of cell membranes including composition, structure, function, ...
... (polysaccharides), lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. State the basic function(s) of each of these classes of (bio) molecules/macromolecules. 11. Define an enzyme. Describe the role of enzymes in metabolism. 12. Describe the properties of cell membranes including composition, structure, function, ...
Lipid solubility Degree of vascularity of the tissue
... Conduction is caused by a sudden shift in Na and K ions across the cell membrane Na/K/ATP Pump mechanism keeps this gradient in a resting nerve In a resting state, the membrane is more permeable to potassium Because of this shift of positive ions out of the centre, the centre is now negative There i ...
... Conduction is caused by a sudden shift in Na and K ions across the cell membrane Na/K/ATP Pump mechanism keeps this gradient in a resting nerve In a resting state, the membrane is more permeable to potassium Because of this shift of positive ions out of the centre, the centre is now negative There i ...
BIOLOGY 1 QUIZ REVIEW SHEET CHAPTER 4.4
... Photosynthesis REVIEW first (there will be SOME photosynthesis questions are your quiz next time) 1. What are products of photosynthesis? Sugar and oxygen 2. What organelle does photosynthesis occur in? chloroplast 3. What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast? Thylakoid and stroma 4. Light hits the __ ...
... Photosynthesis REVIEW first (there will be SOME photosynthesis questions are your quiz next time) 1. What are products of photosynthesis? Sugar and oxygen 2. What organelle does photosynthesis occur in? chloroplast 3. What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast? Thylakoid and stroma 4. Light hits the __ ...
Cell Diagrams with Structures and Functions
... Animal Cell - The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are made up of cells (or in some cases, a single cell). Most cells are very small; most are invisible without using a microscope. Cells are covered by a cell membrane and come in many different shapes. The contents of a cell are called ...
... Animal Cell - The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are made up of cells (or in some cases, a single cell). Most cells are very small; most are invisible without using a microscope. Cells are covered by a cell membrane and come in many different shapes. The contents of a cell are called ...
CHAPTER 3: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule from pyruvate that can enter the citric acid cycle. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxi ...
... 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule from pyruvate that can enter the citric acid cycle. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxi ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.