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Structure of the Cell Membrane
Structure of the Cell Membrane

... Can’t – polypetides (proteins) polysaccarides (starches) B. Non-Polar enough Example: O2, CO2, Steroids, Lipids Note: Ions do not move through membranes very well (Na+, Cl-, H+, ) due hydration shell ...
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... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
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... • Timescale of msec to sec, lipids DO diffuse freely in plane of membrane. • On much shorter time scale, 25 µsec intervals, lipids zoom around in a small confined area of membrane, then seem to "hop" to another small confined area, as if there were "fences" they had to hop over (networks of interact ...
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... that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH2 ...
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... 2) For questions 2A and 2B below, choose between the following: I) animals only II) plants only III) both plants and animals 2A) Cellular respiration occurs in 2B) Photosynthesis occurs in 3A) What molecule is the energy coin of the cell? 3B) Approximately how many ATP/ADP molecules are present in a ...
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Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration

... C. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Occurs in inner membrane (crista) of mitochondria 1) Electrons from NADH and FADH2 passed through membrane to O2 (final electron acceptor). a) Flow of electrons used to pump hydrogens out into intermembrane space. b) Hydrogens flow back through enzyme, energy produced f ...
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Phospholipid Bilayers

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Thylakoid



A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.
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